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Integration Deep Explanation

The document discusses integration as the reverse process of differentiation, providing rules and examples for various types of integrals. It explains the concept of area under a curve, displacement from velocity, and velocity from acceleration, along with relevant formulas. A summary table outlines key concepts, formulas, and their descriptions.

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29 views1 page

Integration Deep Explanation

The document discusses integration as the reverse process of differentiation, providing rules and examples for various types of integrals. It explains the concept of area under a curve, displacement from velocity, and velocity from acceleration, along with relevant formulas. A summary table outlines key concepts, formulas, and their descriptions.

Uploaded by

sekgaboseatla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Integration and Its Applications

1. Integration as the Reverse Process of Differentiation


Integration undoes differentiation. If differentiation gives the rate of change, integration gives the original

function from that rate.

Example: If f'(x) = 2x, then f(x) = integral 2x dx = x^2 + C, where C is the constant of integration.

2. Rules of Integration
a. Power Rule: integral x^n dx = x^(n+1)/(n+1) + C (n != -1)

b. Constant Rule: integral a dx = ax + C

c. Sum Rule: integral [f(x) +/- g(x)] dx = integral f(x) dx +/- integral g(x) dx

d. Exponential: integral e^x dx = e^x + C

e. Logarithmic: integral 1/x dx = ln|x| + C

f. Trigonometric: integral sin x dx = -cos x + C, integral cos x dx = sin x + C

3. Area Under a Curve


The definite integral from a to b of f(x) dx gives the area under the curve y = f(x) between x = a and x = b.

Example: integral from 0 to 3 of (2x + 1) dx = [x^2 + x] from 0 to 3 = 12

For curves like y = x^2, integral from 1 to 3 of x^2 dx = (27/3 - 1/3) = 26/3

4. Displacement from Velocity


Displacement = integral v(t) dt over a time interval. It gives the total change in position.

Example: v(t) = 3t^2 - 2t, integral from 0 to 2 of v(t) dt = [t^3 - t^2] from 0 to 2 = 4

5. Velocity from Acceleration


Velocity = integral a(t) dt + v0, where v0 is the initial velocity.

Example: a(t) = 4t, v0 = 5. integral of 4t dt = 2t^2, so v(t) = 2t^2 + 5

Summary Table
Concept Formula Description

Indefinite Integral integral f(x) dx = F(x) + C General antiderivative

Definite Integral integral a to b f(x) dx Area/total change from a to b

Displacement integral v(t) dt Change in position

Velocity integral a(t) dt + v0 From acceleration

Area Under Curve Use definite integral Accumulates values of function

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