Name: ____________________________ ( ) Class: _______ Date: ________________

Year Three Biology (BIO 310)

Chapter 4: Biological Molecules

1 Small molecules are used as the basic units in the synthesis of large food molecules.

Which statement is correct?

A Amino acids are basic units of carbohydrates.

B Fatty acids are basic units of glycogen.
C Glycerol is a basic unit of oils.
D Simple sugar is a basic unit of protein.

2 When a substance is added to meat, amino acids are produced.

What is this substance?

A a hormone
B an enzyme
C an oil
D water

3 The diagram shows part of a protein molecule.

What does X represent?

A amino acid
B fatty acid
C glycerol
D sugar

1
4 Four different foods were tested for their composition.

The results are shown in the table.

Which food contains protein but not reducing sugar or starch?

Benedict’s test iodine test biuret test

A blue black purple

B bllue brown purple

C brick red black blue

D brick red brown blue

5 What are the smaller basic units of starch and glycogen molecules?

starch glycogen

A amino acids fatty acids and glycerol

B amino acids simple sugars

C simple sugars fatty acids and glycerol

D simple sugars simple sugars

6 The diagram represents a protein molecule.

What do the small circles represent?

A amino acids
B fatty acids
C glycerol
D simple sugars

2
7 Which row shows the elements and basic units that are used in the construction of large food
molecules?

food molecules elements basic units

A fats carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen glucose

B fats carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen glycerol
C starch carbon, hydrogen, oxygen glucose
D starch carbon, hydrogen, oxygen glycerol

8 Which nutrient produces a purple colour when mixed with biuret solution?

A fat
B protein
C reducing sugar
D starch

9 Which simple molecules are the basic units of protein?

A amino acids
B fatty acids
C sugars
D vitamins

10 Which food-testing reagent shows a positive result when it turns from blue to purple?

A Benedict’s solution
B biuret reagent
C ethanol
D iodine solution

3
11 The diagram shows two food tests carried out on solution X.

test 1 test 2

biuret Benedict’s
solution solution
red
colour

heat

solution X purple solution X

colour

Which nutrients are present in solution X?

A protein and starch

B protein and sugar
C starch and fat
D starch and sugar

12 The data show the concentrations of sugar and starch in an onion.

total sugar including

starch
reducing sugar
/ g per 100g
/ g per 100g

3.1 0.5

The onion is tested with Benedict’s solution and iodine solution.

Which set of results is correct?

Benedict’s iodine
solution solution

A bllue blue-black
B bllue brown
C brick red blue-black
D brick red brown
4
13 The diagram shows two food molecules before and after they have been digested by enzymes.

R
P

Q
S

before after

What identifies the products of fat digestion?

A P and R B P and S C Q and R D Q and S

14 Four foods were tested for each of the following nutrients:

fat (using ethanol);

protein (using the biuret test);
reducing sugar (using Benedict’s solution),

Which food contains protein and fat?

5
15 The graphs show the quantities of selected vitamins and mineral ions in four foods.

vitamin C vitamin D iron calcium

mg per 100 g g per 100 g mg per 100 g mg per 100 g
30 15 3 150

20 10 2 100

10 5 1 50

0 0 0 0
fruit
egg
beans

fruit

fruit
egg

egg
beans

beans
fish

fish

fish

fruit
egg
beans

fish
Which food is the richest source of the vitamin or mineral ions essential for the transport of
oxygen by the blood?

A beans
B egg
C fish
D fruit

16 A human cell contains a length of DNA that carries the code for making which substance?

A fat
B glycogen
C lipase
D starch

17 A student set up a test-tube containing starch, water and amylase.

How could the student test whether the amylase had digested all the starch?

A Add Biuret solution.

B Add dilute hydrochloric acid.
C Add iodine solution.
D Weigh the test-tubes and contents before and after the experiment.

6
 18 When solution X is tested with iodine solution, a blue-black colour is observed.

A different solution, Y, is added to a new sample of solution X and the mixture is shaken and left
for 30 minutes at 40 °C. When tested with iodine solution, an orange-brown colour is observed.

What are solutions X and Y?

X Y

A maltose amylase
B maltose lipase

C starch amylase

D starch lipase

19 Which row correctly identifies the chemical elements found in proteins?

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

A ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ key
B ✓ ✓ ✓ x ✓= present
C ✓ x ✓ x X = absent

D x ✓ x ✓

7
20 Nutrients are made up of smaller basic units. Nutrients can be identified by food tests.

Which nutrient is a protein?

nutrient smaller basic units food test

A amino acids Benedict’s test

B amino acids biuret test
C sugars Benedict’s test
D sugars biuret test

21 Which pair of substances is transported in the phloem?

A amino acids and protein

B amino acids and sucrose
C protein and starch
D starch and sucrose

22 Water is a good solvent.

What does this mean?

A It dissolves well in many other substances.

B It flows easily through vessels.
C It is permeable to gases.
D Many substances dissolve well in it.

23 What does the digestion of starch produce?

A fatty acids
B glucose
C mineral salts
D water

8
24 Which solutions are used for testing for protein, reducing sugar and starch?

25 The diagram shows part of a starch molecule.

Which diagram shows this molecule after it has been completely digested?

9
26 Four foods were tested for

fat (using ethanol),

protein (using the biuret test),
reducing sugar (using Benedict’s solution),
starch (using iodine solution).

Which food contains protein and starch?

colour of result of food test

blue / black purple / lilac bric-red / orange milky-white
key
A ✓ x ✓ x
✓ = nutrient present
B ✓ ✓ x x x = nutrient absent
C x x ✓ ✓
D x ✓ x ✓

10
27 The diagram shows a section through an eye.

What are structures X and Y?

A organs in an organ ystem

B organs in a tissue
C organ systems in an organ
D tissues in an organ

28 Which elements do carbohydrates contain?

A carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

B carbon, hydrogen and sulphur
C carbon, nitrogen and oxygen
D carbon, nitrogen and sulphur

11
1 This question is about transport in plants.

(a) Two pea plants, D and E, were supplied with substances containing the radioactive
isotopes, carbon-14 (14C) or phosphorus-32 (32P), as shown in Fig. 4.1.

A leaf of plant D was exposed to radioactive carbon dioxide. Plant E was placed into a
solution containing radioactive phosphate ions.

growing point flower

fruit
seed

clear plastic
nutrient nutrient solution
bag with added
solution with added
radioactive
radioactive
carbon dioxide
phosphate ions
plant D plant E
Fig. 4.1

After several hours the plants were analysed for the presence of the radioactive isotopes.
Sucrose containing 14C was found throughout plant D. Compounds containing 32P were
found throughout plant E.
Complete Table 4.1 to show:

• the tissue in which each substance is transported;

• one possible sink for each substance.

Table 4.1
pea plant D E
substance phosphate ions
su
ucrose
transported
transport
tissue
sink
[4]

12
(b) State one substance, other than sucrose, that is produced in leaves and translocated
to other parts of the plant.

[1]

(c) Outline how sucrose is produced from carbon dioxide in pea plants.

[3]

(d) State two uses of sucrose within a pea plant.

2 [2]

(e) Explain how ions, such as phosphate ions, are absorbed by plant roots.

[3]

[Total: 13]

13
2 (a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of the human digestive system.

Fig. 1.1

Use the letters from Fig. 1.1 to complete Table 1.1 to give the part of the human digestive
system that is identified by each function.

Write one letter only in each box. You may use the same letter more than once. There are some
letters that you will not use. The first one has been done for you.

Table 1.1

function

peristalsis B

protein digestion

insulin production

deamination

partially digested food is mixed with bile

most water is reabsorbed

[5]

14
The human diet provides nutrients for the synthesis of biological molecules that make up
cells, cell products and tissues.

(b) (i) Complete Table 1.2 to show the nutrients that are absorbed from food to
synthesise the large molecules listed.

Table 1.2

large molecules nutrients absorbed

protein

glycogen

fat
[3]

(ii) Mineral ions are required in the human diet in small quantities.

State the mineral ion required for each process:

making bone

making haemoglobin. [2]

(iii) State another type of nutrient required in the human diet in small quantities.

[1]

15
 (c) One role of nutrients is to provide materials for the repair of damaged tissues.
Fig. 1.2 shows the events that happen after a cut to the skin.

immediately after the cut 24 hours later

scab
epidermis
released blood
blood clot
damaged
capillary phagocytes

3 to 7 days later 2 weeks later

new
capillary

Fig. 1.2

Use the information in Fig. 1.2 to describe what happens to seal the wound in the skin
and repair the skin tissue.

[5]

[Total: 16]

16
3 Haemoglobin is a protein that is made inside developing red blood cells in the bone
marrow.

(a) (i) State the function of haemoglobin.

[1]

(ii) Name the small molecules that are combined to make haemoglobin.

[1]

(iii) Name the mineral ion provided in the diet that is needed to make haemoglobin.

[1]

There are many different varieties of haemoglobin. The gene for haemoglobin exists as two
alleles, HbA and HbS.
S S
People with the genotype Hb Hb have a condition called sickle cell anaemia.

(b) Describe the features of sickle cell anaemia.

[3]

S
(c) The allele for Hb is rare in many parts of the world, but it is more common in parts of
tropical Africa.
S
Explain why Hb is more common in parts of tropical Africa.

[3]

17
(d) The parents of people with sickle cell anaemia rarely have this condition.

Explain, using a genetic diagram, how two parents who do not have sickle cell anaemia
may have a child with the condition.

parental genotypes ................  ................

gametes ................ ................ + ................ ................

genotype of child withsickle cell anaemia ................ [3]

(e) Sickle cell anaemia is an example of variation in humans. There are many causes of
variation, including nuclear fall-out.

Suggest how nuclear fall-out could cause variation in humans.

[2]

[Total: 14]

18
19