REVIEW 2

Exercise 1. Transcribe the following words by using their symbols

No. Word Transcription
1. fortune ________
2. impression ________
3. measure ________
4. prediction ________
5. picture ________
6. responsibility ________
7. mistake ________
8. bundle ________
9. achieve ________
10. profit ________

Exercise 2. Identify the underlined sounds of these pairs of words

No. Word Sound
1 eat – head
2 dear- pear
3 slave-slap
4 liberation - photography
5 castle – cattle
6 feminine - valentine
7 brother - birthday
8 aisle-sail
9 phone- photo
10 silent- political

Exercise 3. Do the following pairs of consonants have the same or different place
of articulation?
1. [s] : [l] 7. [l] : [t]
2. [k] : [ŋ] 8. [ð] : [v]
3. [p] : [g] 9. [k] : [g]
4. [f] : [h] 10. [s] : [v]
5. [b] : [f] 11. [ð] : [t]

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 6. [s] : [θ] 12. [w] : [j]

Exercise 4. Circle the words that:

(a) start with a fricative
foreign, theater, tidings, hospital, cassette, shroud
(b) have an approximant
winter, university, captive, ripe, little, mute
(c) contain a back vowel
putter, boost, roast, fraud, matter, hospital
(d) contain a lax vowel
auction, redeem, ledger, cram, boat, loom
(e) end in an alveolar
went, atom, rigor, column, multiple, garnish
Exercise 5. Give the phonetic symbols for the following English sounds.
(a) voiceless stops
(b) voiced fricatives
(c) approximants
(d) alveolar obstruents
(e) nasals
(f) voiced obstruents
Exercise 6. In this exercise, you are presented with sets of words. In each set,
circle each word that has a consonant with the place of articulation for that set.

Exercise 7. In this exercise, you are presented with sets of words. In each set,
circle each word that has a consonant with the manner of articulation for that
set.

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Exercise 8. Write the phonetic symbol for the last sound in each word

Exercise 9.

Exercise 10. Multiple choices

1. Which of the following symbols corresponds to each of the following phonetic
description: voiceless bilabial stop?
A. [ v ] B. [ g ] C. [ ð ] D. [ p ]
2. Which of the following groups contains a segment that differs in place of
articulation from the other segment?
A. [ t, l, d, s ] B. [ k, g , ŋ, j ] C. [ p, b, w ] D. [ t, d, n, z ]
3. Which of the following is the minimal pair?
A. [ ðeə] [ bet ] there – bet B. [ dæb] [ bæd ] dab - bad

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C. [ bæd ] [ bet ] bad – bet D. [ ðeə] [ deə ] there – dare
4. Which of the following symbols that corresponds to each of the following phonetic
description: voiced interdental fricative
A. [ m ] B. [ v ] C. [ t ] D. [ ð ]
5. Which of the following groups contains a segment that differs in manner of
articulation from the other segments?
A. [ w, r, j ] B. [ θ, ð, s ] C. [ p, b, d ] D. [ t, d, n ]
6. Which of the following statements is incorrect ?
A. An allophone is a predictable phonetic variant of a phoneme.
B. An allophone is an unpredictable phonetic realisation of a phoneme.
C. A phoneme is an abstract unit.
D. An allophone is uttered in speech.
7. Which of the following is the phonetic transcription of this form peace talk?
A. [phiːs tɔːk] B. [piːs tɔːk] C. [phiːs thɔːk] D. [piːs thɔːk]
8. Which of the following phonetic variations may happen to the voiced stop [ d ] in
this context : [ li:d ] lead?
A. [d] is aspirated after the front vowel [ i:].
B. [d] is devoiced after the long vowel [ i:].
C. [d] is voiceless word finally.
D. [d] is unaspirated in the final position of a stressed syllable.
9. Which of the following statements is correct ?
When a feature value is unpredictable by a general principle or rule, it is
a. a distinctive feature for that class of segments.
b. a phonetic feature for sounds that contrast.
c. a phonemic feature for that class of segment.
d. a non-distinctive or non-phonemic feature for that class of segments.
10. Which of the following coarticulation processes may happen to the alveolar / n / in
this context : [ krænbəri ] cranberry?
A. [ n ] may be devoiced before the voiced [ b ]
B. [ b ] may become syllabic after the nasal [ n ]
C. [ n ] may be labialized before [ b ]

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D. [ b ] may be nasalised after [ n]
11. Which of the following symbols corresponds to the following phonetic
description : long low back vowel?
A. [ ɔː] B. [ a:] C. [ i:] D. [u:]
12. Which of the following phonetic transcriptions corresponds to the following
phonetic description: voiced velar nasal ?
A. [ m ] B. [ n ] C. [ ŋ] D. [ r ]
13. Acoustic phonetics is concerned with which of the following:
A. The production of sounds in human languages.
B. The generation of speech sounds by computer.
C. The perception of sounds of human languages.
D. The properties of the sound waves of human speech.
14. The human vocal tract consists of which of the following parts:
A. oral cavity, nasal cavity, laryngeal cavity and pharynx
B. oral cavity, nasal cavity and tongue
C. oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx and lung
D. oral cavity, nasal cavity, larynx and tongue
15. Consonants are classified according to
A. lip shape B. manner of aspiration C. voicing D. place of larynx
16. The following sounds /p, t, k, d/ are known as
A. Nasal sounds B. Glottal stops C. Oral sounds D. Semi-vowels
17. Complementary distribution is an indication that the sounds in question
are ...
A. minimal pairs B. phones C. phonemes D. allophones of the same
phonem
18. Which of the following has a low front unrounded vowel?
A. beak B. big C. book D. bag
19. In a ________ consonant, upper and lower lips approach or touch each other.
A. palatal B. labiodental C. bilabial D. dental
20. The following statement describes which aspect of vowel classification?
"Vowels are classified in terms of how much space there is between the tongue
and the roof of the mouth".
A. lip rounding B. tongue C. vowel length D. tongue height
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21. What is the primary focus of phonetics?
A. Sound patterns in language B. Speech sounds and their physical properties
C. Meaningful units in language D. Rules governing sound combinations
22. What distinguishes a diphthong from a pure vowel?
A. Length B. Intensity
C. Glide or movement within the articulation D. Roundness
23. Assimilation is a phonological process where:
A. Sounds become more distinct
B. Sounds influence each other and become more similar
C. Sounds switch positions within a word
D. Sounds are eliminated from a word
24. In which word does nasalization occur?
A. "bit" B. "bat" C. "bend" D. "bean"
25. Which term refers to the manner of articulation where the airstream is obstructed,
but not enough to create turbulence?
A. Plosive B. Fricative C. Nasal D. Approximant
26. Which of the following is a voiced bilabial plosive in the International Phonetic
Alphabet (IPA)?
A. /p/ B. /b/ C. /t/ D. /d/
27. What is the term for the manner of articulation where the airstream is partially
obstructed, creating turbulence?
A. Plosive B. Fricative C. Nasal D. Approximant
28. According to the place of articulation, the consonant sound /dʒ/ is ____________.
A. dental B. fricative C. affricate D. palato-alveolar
29. _______vowel is presented in the word ‘ghost’.
A. /ei/ B. /ə/ C. /aʊ/ D. /əʊ/
30. The [ ʧ ] sound is found in:
A. ship B. chin C. chemistry D. Christ
31. Which part of the vocal tract is responsible for producing nasal sounds?
A. Glottis B. Alveolar ridge C. Velum D. Palate

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32. What term is used to describe the phenomenon where one sound becomes more
like a neighboring sound?
A. Assimilation B. Dissimilation C. Deletion D. Insertion
33. Which of the following symbols represents a voiceless palate-alveolar fricative?
A. /s/ B. /f/ C. /ʃ/ D. /h/
34. Which word has two voiced consonants?
A. watch B. teeth C. fork D. big
35. Which word contains a centring diphthong?
A. coin B. male C. scarce D. follow
36. How many phonemes are there in the word 'dangerous'?
A. six B. eight C. nine D. seven
37. Which of the following words has a lax vowel?
A. script B. food C. ski D. horse
38. Which of the following choices has a tense vowel?
A. neck B. pie C. get D. shut
39. Which of the following phonetic variations the voiceless alveolar [ t ] may have in
this context (in terms of American pronunciation) [ ˈlɪtlər] litle?
A. [ t ] becomes aspirated between stressed vowel [ ɪ ] and unstressed vowel [ə]
B. [ t ] may be deleted between stressed vowel [ ɪ] and unstressed vowel [ə]
C. [ t ] may become glottal stop between stressed vowel [ ɪ] and unstressed vowel [ə]
D. [ t ] may become voiced flap between stressed vowel [ ɪ ] and unstressed vowel
[ə]
40. Which of the following phonetic transcriptions that corresponds to each of the
following phonetic description: high back rounded tense vowel?
A. [ ɒ ] B. [ i: ] C. [ u: ] D. [ ʊ ]
41. Which of the following statement is correct?
Sonorants include
A. vowels, nasals, and voiced affricates B. vowels, nasals, and voiceless stops
C. vowels, nasals, liquids and glides D. vowels, nasals, fricatives and liquids
42. Which of the following assimilatory processes occurs to the voiceless alveolar [t]
in this context [ðæt jɪə(r)] that year?

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A. [ t ] is aspirated before palatal [j] B. [ t ] is palatalized before palatal [j]
C. [ t ] is deleted before palatal [j] D. [ t ] is velarized before palatal [j]
43. Which of the following assimilatory processes that may happen to the voiced
alveolar stop [g] in this context: My grandfather has a dog .

A. [g] may be devoiced after the vowel [ɒ]

B. [g] may be labialised after the vowel [ɒ]
C. [g] may be devoiced at the end of the word [ dɒɡ]
D. [g] may be voiced at the end of the word [dɒɡ]
44. Which of the following statements is correct?
Palato- alveolar is the sound made
A. as a very rapidly articulated non-syllabic segment
B. just behind the alveolar ridge
C. with the identical articulation to that of the long vowel [ i: ]
D. with the tongue at the alveolar ridge
45. What is the main function of the vocal folds in speech production?
A. Shaping consonant sounds. B. Controlling airflow for nasal sounds
C. Producing voicing and speech sounds D. Shaping vowel sounds
46. ____fricatives are articulated with more force than that of_____
A. Lenis, fortis B. Fortis, voiceless
C. Lenis, voiced D. Fortis, lenis
47. Which branch of phonetics deals with the process that takes place in the vocal tract
when humans produce speech sounds?
A. Forensic phonetics B. Acoustic phonetics
C. Auditory phonetics D. Articulatory phonetics
48. The sounds described in the IPA refer to
A. Delivered pronunciation B. New pronunciation
C. Received pronunciation D. Ancient pronunciation
49. ____ are a set of reference vowels used by phoneticians to describe the sounds of
languages.
A. reference vowels B. cardinal vowels
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C. descriptive vowels D. identifiable vowels
50. In ___ vowels, there is a noticeable tension of muscles in the tongue.
A. liquid B. gliding C. long D. short

backness