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Continuity Notes

The document provides an overview of continuity in mathematics, defining continuous functions and their properties. It explains the conditions for continuity in intervals and discusses reasons for discontinuity. Additionally, it introduces the Intermediate Value Theorem, stating that a continuous function takes on every value between its values at the endpoints of an interval.

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rishabhverma5169
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89 views2 pages

Continuity Notes

The document provides an overview of continuity in mathematics, defining continuous functions and their properties. It explains the conditions for continuity in intervals and discusses reasons for discontinuity. Additionally, it introduces the Intermediate Value Theorem, stating that a continuous function takes on every value between its values at the endpoints of an interval.

Uploaded by

rishabhverma5169
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Mathematics HandBook

ALL
CONTINUITY

1.
CONTINUOUS FUNCTONS:
Afunction fx) is
said to be at x = a, if lim fx) exists and is equal to fa).
continoUs at x = a
continuous X>a
Symbolicaly f
i" hlim
0
f(a h) = lim f(a+h)= f(a) =finite and fixed quantity (h> 0)
h0

i.e. LHLI
= KHLI,m value of f (x) | = finite and fixed quantity.
At isolated points functions are considered to be continuous.
2.
CONTINUITY OF THEFUNCTION IN AN INTERVAL:
(a) A function is said to be continuous in (a.b) if f is continuous at each & every point
belonging to la, b).
(b) A function is said to be continuous in a closed
interval (a,b] if :
f is continuous in the open interval (a,b)
f is right continuous at 'a' i.e. Lim f(x) = f(a) = a finite quantity
X’a

f is left continuous at "b' i.e. Lim f(x) = f(b) =afinite quantity


X’b

Note :
(1) All Polynomials, Trigonometrical functions, exponential & Logarithmicfunctions are continuous in their
domains.

() f f & g are two functions that are continuous at x = cthen the function defined by : F(x) = f(x) tgx):
F(x) = Kf(x), K any real number, 3(x)= t(x)g(x) are also continuous at x = c. Further, if glc) is not zero.

then Fa(x) = f(x) is also continuous at x =C.


g(x)
(iüü) If f and g are continuous then fog and gof are also continuOus.
(iv) If fand g are discontinuous at x =c, then f +g. f-g. f.g may stillbe continuous.
(v Sum or difference of acontinuous and a discontinuous function is always discontinuous.

3 REASONS OF DISCONTINUITY :

(a) Limitdoes not exist


i.e. Lim f(x) Lim f(x)

(b) Lim f(x) f(a) 2


Lim f(x) f(1)
Geometrically,the graph of the function will exhibit a break at x = a. if Lim (x) does not exist
>2 exist
the function is discontinuous at x = a. The graph as shown is ( ) does not
discontinuous at x = 1, 2 and 3.

90
Mathematics HandBook
THE
4 INTERMEDIATE VALUE
on an THEOREM
Suppose f(x) is :
continuOus
exists a numberintervall
fla) and f(b). their and aand b are anytwo points of I. Then if y, is a number between
c
between a and bsuch that f(c) y,

f la) ’ +ve
fla) f (b) ’ -ve

f(a)
(0,0)

C
b
The function f, being fk) = 0 in (a, b)
takes on every value continuous on la,bl
between and f{b)
fla)
Note that a function f which is continuous in la.bl
ossesses the following properiy :
If f(a) & 1D) POSses opposite signs, then there eyists atleast one solution of the equation f(x) = 0 in
interval (a,b). the open

91

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