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37
Gears VI
O supervisor of the quality control area
of projects of a company, observed that some parts, manufactured in the sector
Introduction
of machining, they had problems. This meant that although they had
trained, the professionals in that sector were facing difficulties
to interpret and calculate the dimensions of gears and racks that
we were composing a movement transmission system of a machine. The
the solution was to retrain them and thus improve their knowledge on the subject,
giving them the conditions to produce the parts with better quality.
The theme of this lesson is exactly this, gears and rack. And, studying-
you will expand your knowledge of calculations in mechanics.
Conceptualization
The gear and the rack have the function of transforming a movement
rotating in linear motion or vice versa.
The rack can be considered as a wheel with an infinite radius. In this
In this case, the circumference of the wheel can be imagined as a line segment.
Therefore, the primitive circumference of the gear is tangent to the primitive line.
of the rack.
A U L A Types of rack
37 There are two types of rack: rack with perpendicular teeth and
rack and pinion with inclined teeth.
The racks with inclined teeth mesh with helical gears and those of
perpendicular teeth mesh with straight-toothed wheels.
perpendicular teeth
inclined teeth
Rackofperpendicularteeth
To calculate the rack with perpendicular teeth, the following is applied:
formulas:
P = M·p
h = 2,166 · M
a = 1·M
b = 1,166 · M
where: P it is the step measured on the primitive line
M is the module that should be the same as the coupled gear.
h is the total height of the tooth
a is the height of the tooth crown
b is the height of the tooth's foot
To better understand these formulas, we present an example.
EXAMPLE1 A U L A
Calculate the pitch (P), the total height of the tooth (h), the height of the head of
tooth (a) and the height of the tooth foot (b) of a gear rack 37
perpendiculars, knowing that the rack must operate with a
module 2 gear. To calculate the pitch we use the formula
P = M ·p
Replacing the values in the formula, we have:
P = 2 · 3.14
Logo, P = 6.28 mm
To find (h) the formula applies
h = 2.166 · M
Substituting the values, we have:
h = 4.332
Therefore, h = 4.33 mm
The height of the tooth head (a) is equal to the modulus.
Therefore, a = 2 mm
And the height of the tooth foot (b) is given by
b = 1,166 · M
Logo, b = 1.166 · 2
Thus, b = 2.33 mm
A U L A Rackwithinclinedteeth
37 How this rack should work meshed with a gear
helical, the dimensions of the rack teeth must be the same as those of the
gear.Therefore, the calculations are based on the gear formulas.
helical
Thus, the normal step (Pn) is calculated by
Pn= Mn · p
The circular step (Pc) is given by
Pc = Mf ·p
where:
Mn is the normal module of the gear.
Mf is the front module of the gear.
The angle of inclination of the teethb) is equal to the angle of the helix of the
gear and can be calculated by
Pn Mn
cosβ = or youβ =
Pc Mf
The total height of the tooth (h) is given by
h=a+b
where:
a is the height of the tooth's crown
b is the height of the tooth root
The height of the tooth head (a) is equal to a normal module. Thus, a = 1Mn
and the height of the tooth foot (b) depends on the pressure angle (a) of the gear.
For a pressure anglea= 20º, (b) is given by: b = 1.25 · Mn.
For a pressure anglea= 14°30' or 15°, (b) is given by: b = 1.17 · Mn.
To facilitate the understanding of the calculation of the inclined tooth rack,
see the example.
EXAMPLE2 A U L A
Calculate the normal pitch (Pn), the circular pitch (Pc), the helix angle (b) a
height of the head of the tooth (a), the height of the foot of the tooth (b) and the total height of the tooth 37
(h) of a rack with inclined teeth that must work with a
helical gear with Mn = 2.75, Mf = 4.28 and pressure anglea= 15º.
The normal step (Pn) is given by
Pn Mn · p Therefore, 8.615
Logo, Pn = 8.63 mm
To calculate the circular pitch (Pc), the formula is applied
Pc = Mf · pTherefore, Pc 4.28 · 3.14
Therefore, Pc = 13.44 mm
Mn
The angle of the helix (bis calculated bycosβ =
Mf
Substituting the values, we have:
2.75
cosβ = Therefore, cosb = 0,6425
4.28
Consulting the cosine table we have that (b) is approximately equal to
50º. The height of the tooth head (a) is equal to the normal modulus (Mn). Therefore
a = Mn or a = 2.75 mm.
Bya se ccalculater a altura do pé do dente (b), consideringo ângulo de pdepression
a= 15º, the formula is applied b = 1.17 · Mn.
Substituting the values, we have:
b = 1.17 · 2.75
Logo, b = 3.22 mm
The total height of the tooth (b) is given by
h=a+b
Logo, h = 2.75 + 3.22
Therefore, h = 5.97 mm
Test your learning. Complete the following exercise. Check your answers.
with the template.
IcIos
er
Ex Exercise1
Calculate the pitch (P), the total height of the tooth (h), the height of the head of the
tooth (a) and the height of the tooth root (b) of a rack of teeth.
perpendiculars, knowing that this rack must work with
a gear module 3.
Exercise2
Calculate the normal pitch (Pn), the circular pitch (Pc), the helix angle (b),
the height of the tooth head (a)
of the tooth (h) of a rack with inclined teeth that should
work with a helical gear with pressure anglea= 20º,
Mn = 2,75 e Mf = 3,59.
