cRYSTAL ST RUeTURE
Bnavats daice amd laws of uStalo mhy: Typs ot solid, Baga's
law ot diHeion ,Laws ot cysello aphs (Hauy's law and shao's lat
PUmissble symmely ayres in cystasate, Space lottiee, unit ca
ysal lanes,aavais latte, paching ot unitonm hand s p e cose
paeked angments (fa and hee),tnahednal and oclahednel voids
|a cys\a lans, sis\onee etween cowseewtivee plames (euaie, ed
and oanhamle lattiws1,maaxima ot lanes, minindices,
coltuaion ot du lation between molan mass amd writ cel
- t mast have adeimite shabe ond vone w) mustt goss> Jugidty
A ysalline sovà is a subsiame ehosA ensieent uits oe
Aistamnws as comhaed ine atomie aistmees. ExamAe- Nae
Aw Omgho Sold is a sWbsane whose on siluent unit do not
sustane soids hane shonp welna Pints heres he amOTpheus
naeie mde, conducliiy) have dihnetvaues ditrent
SHANTANUDEY
9836493471
astontng tonts whneas amohnows souds one not vens
SOmeineas anaes. A a w sods do not hove twldeAed
Symmey
ys
leavaAe
aniula suntaes.
coona cuwes
RoimS wwe soi&i eaton Slasts amd
whee so diaiw is
sotaiiea
(Guysane sova) (Amonhows soU)
(NGT- Sane-2013}
l2
st' (a)
ad sn
2 n-l = in
SHANTANU DEY
9836493471
S0ME TERM$ -
When ad o solwin of SWsanee is cooed s u e t
dhdy ngement and a Cystol is
Soe plan wih angà in a defiite gemeluco
The ont et intensecon ot two djaent taces is
bependina on ne methad ot crystalli soim ot o
combound, he hait of ysla may be changed but
the insartaol angs sil man unchanged.
aaaeelions]
VNNT EL
"the smsdlest possyle unit ot o eysta ot a comoind
a daACe
naS, Ais s o ne
-ais
-0ns.
maicesDo)
*2 miMen
coesom aaiS,e an
obtaed is numb l of s
amd similogd,
Nhn
means That stane. ite in( at
-axis e cut pläne e , whenp
A mulle. integrat
(ihee
,
PROGLEMS
ne eystal
(a,37).
(o,-2-b) (3,,).
a,-2b,3«
wess imdex (a3,) -2,3)
wiss mde*
3. A ace makes erceps 20 and 3b n he x- axis amd - axis
ab, , colae te
(uo)
(ib)
((io)
(250)
(880)
630)
(T) (Too)
(002)
(ao0) (ui) (uo) (to0)
LatR
ininy 2-ais
ot
hasa cL unit the. wwu in
datie
Teclanguan sionl
imen hee- a ot uieu tob the ane Haues tallowing The
THE LAW Of SYMMET RY
Posse he some Wemnens ot symme.
Su as a
he cene ott smmily is aso called H
(s d ler
ot eHhane
alled. mio elane
Suppose, hesame eaene ot a rystal is ebeated
imaay ais , he ais is
(4-told ais) (3-leld ais)
- (R- fold ais)
(6-fold ais)
ot symmey
isaxistoonl told ine. So
3 366°/2 I200
60
6 -
ma 96) (8- sin ataa
Symmely aOnsLao maintaining
te
ma'
vystal symmely
the ot dastna atadon, such
a During
angemant new tame oints tale old
eRYST AL $STEMS
the shape of o ystal ot a SWbstan e deþends upon He
The unit cell in a thee-imensioal odie is chanaiseÅ
singe Roint ang caled 32 point grups os
aial noo end
oms, sone ot e 32
syswms hae ben
ystalL
CRysTAL
PoNT
bie cHARAeTERIST|esROUPS 5
SYMMeTRY
ELEMENTS ExAMPLES
|Telomal Nael, Kel,ms.
Ar : 5
plames 5
3
Rhamboedol Plane
5
Wexagaal
caleide,uatt
Telagonal
Taldiw'e
Rhambo aeds
6athmbic
BRAVA1S LATTICEs :
s canved
bie
cinbit
0Ahohamic
0
Body ceed
0TAohombi
oThoghmbie
Rhombohed
hene eoints
cRTSTAL SYSTEM
simfpe
b So,he a m
esent
heee id odews e face ot e
[Pal.
ma simlst the is hot ll uit enh
calelae
the
=|+34Tanament foc odoms
in munbU
ot i.Total
snaystol,he consweent units oT Raniele s (atoms,ton3
Omnole wes) a e ane in suh o way tthat he
ment has minimum enesy and es maximum slabiity. Po
memum sabiiy, consiwent units macystal must be
Swnonded y a maimum wmy of meignbous. Fo maai
ShoyS. so e mode o4 dosost achin wil e it teent n
vetol aianwemt. n s
anaaement ea s here s i
Aeomaso ot Huo
im ways t actn ots e s
eHosnol dose. Racna me snes shows Hho
nemoTe lsy aced
oceuied y he s henes wile in heana lose poehng 6
haee diiensional Pockina
SHANTANUDEY
9836493471
Ais
me
mogtantto
llbWs
nole at we connt ploe sp s both on
VOvos ovila\e. one ye ot voids moed c' ane unooupied
@plaee ne sphenes on heoids ot second loy (manbeà o) The
hnd oy so obtaned is di aectw ov he Lst ayu
so, hind luy becomes idenica wit s+ layer (manhed A).
2lae ttnes e s on he unoccubied hollows(maed ) ot
Hnst w y i s hisnd Laye is quie a new lay amd is
Hnst g T i saangement is esnded a
n o anmgememts, 4), o+ anaila le vo wme is ocuted
y s p e s e 26 Qmty spa.e).
fatteLn
12 AsAS AoA..
|2
AseA 0cAgeA..
INTERSTITIAL voI DS oR INTEASTITIAL SITES -
1n he amd cep angment ot spessone Spaws
iniansiial sies
OTedAhedsol sile -
Pom a fist ay ots e s by sing twmee
kow s wres e at he apices ota tedahednsneshaÇ.
ntimd he oid s elheaTh he emty syae among
oun sWenes horinenodol aemeut is slked
SHANTANU DEY
9836493471
AN
LYA
Porm a st laye ot spheres by wsimg hnee
tdeniieal
ctahedolvoid
coin A ocupies 50 o the
telanedvoids
is he and
NoTds. Nhat
foLmlot
Oceuyied
Lo0
K3 Asoa is made u
50 LD eee we
tahednooids.
tomula is
SHANTANU DEY
9836493471
68.
cenned Gody 3.
Sy3\2m ie
ut he Molume
t
Cube
sy3Lm cic cened Face
52'.4
o52t =
huuSon Palsing
aangemen, his Dh
bateen dstane
Sys\em ccic sipe
faaction pa.cing J.occupied
e ee. sha Calerlao
the of
SYSTEMS UBIe ANALS1s
of
Radis ( )
ll
simple uble
a/242
dae of uw't
ll S 500 pm. (2165 pm)
200 m. (5657 pm)
( beminaion ot densily ot a cystad nomn its s e t r e
-30
Chee tog simee
. also fOsile
is
has otom cenled body eath
cabe) (simple
lemet his o4
voumei coewlate
he mimoll, 64
A)
(299
a
in
spang
plonor
-
PLANES
nher
LAttiGE
he
om
laom
deined
qemeli
cally. a
ETWEÊN
gwal
SEPARATION
"he
plas
planes().
PasaL
154
(:o404
=
(54
( oinamee.
6)
(a4
)
S1s sGE.d
ond ANALY
tlowing
BRAGG
Hhe
GRAPHTHe
ha
cll
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ohomie
cRSTALLO
lan.
2) DiFFRAeTON.
An X-RAY
()
stot
22dsin
the
When
onalysis,
Pasbem
3,
ubts t+
uits
togmua
Nat q'3a°
8 ot
plome> y and
lsns
shoed 46D
(W)5-3s,
is
md
angs
(1)
(oo),
aLameng
hom
speclm
he
Kel
a wes
simpe
nt
obsnwed
ogden
= FSTRUTURE
i is+
ul
Thewa
it Nol
Ko
whot
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stowee
lo6
4
38
cm
$55
55
$S
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