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Memory

The document discusses various aspects of memory, including the differences between recall and recognition, as well as implicit and explicit memory. It outlines tasks used to measure memory, such as the mirror tracing and rotary pursuit tasks, and presents traditional models of memory by Atkinson & Shiffrin and Baddeley. Additionally, it covers the neurological basis of memory, types of memory, and conditions affecting memory such as amnesia and Alzheimer's disease.

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31 views15 pages

Memory

The document discusses various aspects of memory, including the differences between recall and recognition, as well as implicit and explicit memory. It outlines tasks used to measure memory, such as the mirror tracing and rotary pursuit tasks, and presents traditional models of memory by Atkinson & Shiffrin and Baddeley. Additionally, it covers the neurological basis of memory, types of memory, and conditions affecting memory such as amnesia and Alzheimer's disease.

Uploaded by

almirasheikh488
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MIHIKAA CHATURVEDI

1) Recall v/s Recognition


▪ Recall (expressive language)

▪ Serial, cued, free recall

▪ Relearning

▪ Recognition tasks (receptive language)


2) Implicit v/s Explicit memory
▪ Explicit: Participants engage in conscious recollection

▪ Implicit memory: Use information from memory but


not consciously aware that you are doing so
▪ Tasks that tap on procedural memory are used to
measure implicit memory
1) Mirror tracing Task

The task involves tracing a shape


(usually a polygon, such as a star) on
a sheet of paper by seeing its
reflection in a mirror. A mirror flips
the image by 180° about a vertical
plane due to which the movements
of the hand appear in the opposite
direction. This creates confusion in
perceiving and tracing the shape,
hence the task requires optimal
visuomotor adaptation to efficiently
perceive aberrant visual information
and facilitate tuned hand movements
2) Rotary Pursuit Task
 The pursuit rotor task is a
task used in common use in
the mid 20th century which
involved a participant trying
to follow (pursue) a small
disc on a rotating turntable..
1) Traditional Model by Richard Atkinson & Richard
Shiffrin
i. Sensory store : Relatively limited amount of
information
ii. Short term store: Somewhat longer periods
iii. Long Term store : large capacity, long periods even
indefinitely
• Experiment on
iconic (visual
sensory memory)
• Whole report
procedure:
Participant asked to
report every
symbol
• Partial report
procedure:
Participant asked to
report only few
symbols
 Given by Craik and Lockhart (1972)
 Three levels of encoding/processing information

1. Structural/ Physical

2. Acoustic/Phonological

3. Semantic

 Self reference effect (Kirker)


 Alan Baddeley
1) Central executive
2) Phonological loop-
verbal information
3) Visuo-spatial sketchpad-
visual information
briefly
4) Episodic buffers
transfers information
into LTM
 Prime- Node that activates a
connected node
 Priming effect- Greater
activation of the node
 Working memory- activated
portion of long term
memory
 Semantic memory
 Episodic memory

 HERA (Hemispheric Encoding Retrieval Asymmetry


Model)
a) Left prefrontal lobes activated for semantic memory

b) Right hemisphere activated for Episodic memory


 Information with sensory properties , organized across
regions of the cerebral cortex
 Hippocampus and nearby related structures stores
explicit memory
 Basal ganglia stores procedural knowledge
 Amygdala is linked to emotional events
 Repeated stimulation of neural pathways leads to long
term potentiation
 Serotonin and acetylcholine enhance neural
transmission associated with memory
 Loss of explicit memory
 Anterograde Amnesia
 Retrograde Amnesia
 Alzheimer’s Disease- Neurofibrilliary tangles and
plaques
THANK YOU
◦ Sternberg, R. Cognitive Psychology, 6 th Edition. Memory:
Models and Research Methods (Chapter 5). Pp 187-214, 221-
225

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