Electrical Lighting Design
1/5/2022 1
The four basic lighting quantities
Definition of luminous flux
The amount of light radiated per second
by a light source
Unit: lumen (lm)
Decreases with use Lumen depreciation (curve)
Luminous flux
Luminous efficacy (lm/W)
Electric power
dissipated
Lumen depreciation curve
Definition of luminous intensity
The amount of light radiated
by a light source in a given
direction
I=Φ/ω where, w = solid angle, in steradian (st)
Sr
Definition of illuminance
The amount of light falling
on a unit of surface
E
Unit: lux (lux=lm/m2)
Illuminance is independent of the direction
from which the luminous flux reaches the
surface
Definition of luminance
The amount of light radiated
by a unit of apparent surface
in a given direction
L
Unit: candela per m2 (cd/m2)
Definitions
Mean horizontal candle power (M.H.C.P.)
Is the average candle power in the horizontal plane
passing through the luminous center of the lamp
Mean horizontal candle power (M.H.C.P.)= flux emitted in hemi sphere/2ʌ
Mean spherical candle power (M.S.C.P)
Is the average candle powers in all directions and in all
planes emitting from the source of light
Total flux
M.S.C.P.= 4π
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Luminous Efficacy
Luminous efficacy which is given by the
following formula
Luminous flux output
luminous efficacy
Electrical power input
Unit: lumens /watt (lm/W)
Luminous Efficacy
The luminous efficacy of a lamp decreases with
time and for a discharge lamp it may fall by as
much as 50% before the lamp fails.
The nominal life of a lamp is usually determined by
the manufacturer by considering the failure rate of
a particular model of lamp combined with its fall in
light output.
In a large installation it is desirable that all the
lamps are replaced at the same time on a specified
maintenance schedule.
Efficacy
This is the ratio of
light output from a
lamp to the
electric power it
consumes and is
measured in
lumens per watt
(Lm / W).
Luminous Efficacy
Lighting Source Efficacy
Types of Lighting
There are four basic types of lighting:
1. Incandescent,
2. Fluorescent,
3. High-intensity discharge, and
4. Low-pressure sodium
Incandescent Light
Light is produced by
Filament
a tiny coil of
tungsten wire that
glows when it is
heated by an
electrical current.
shortest lives
Inefficient
Fluorescent Bulbs
filled with an argon or argon-krypton gas and a small
amount of mercury
coated on the inside with phosphors
equipped with an electrode at both ends 3 to 4 times as
efficient as incandescent lighting
Fluorescent lamps provide light by the following process:
An electric discharge (current) is maintained
between the electrodes through the mercury vapor and
inert gas.
This current excites the mercury atoms, causing them to
emit non-visible ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
This UV radiation is converted into visible light by the
phosphors lining the tube
Fluorescent Bulbs
Fluorescent lamps last about 10 times
longer than incandescent bulbs
Fluorescent lights need ballasts (i.e.,
devices that control the electricity used
by the unit) for starting and circuit
protection
Types of Fluorescents
•Tube fluorescent •Compact fluorescent
High Intensity Discharge
(HID) Lamp
High-intensity
discharge (HID)
lamps provide the
highest efficacy and
longest service life
of any lighting type
mercury vapor
metal halide, and
high-pressure
sodium
They also require ballasts, and they take a few seconds to
produce light when first turned on because the ballast
needs time to establish the electric arc
Typical Luminaires Shapes
Philips TBS230 M6 4xTL-D18W/830 (Shops)
Philips TCS098 C3 4xTL-D18W/830 (General)
Philips FCW196 P 2xPL-L18W/830
(Bathrooms)
Philips MVF480 NB 2xSON-TPP400W(Floodlight)
Philips TPS670 C7 2xTL5-35W/83 (Suspendable)
1. For general lighting use “TCS 098”
№ of lamps / luminaires = 4
Output flux = 5400 lumens
18 Watt/lamp
2. For Bathroom use “FCW 196”
№ of lamps / luminaires = 2
Output flux = 1200 lumens
3. For operation theater
Halogen lamps
No. of lamps / luminaires = 3
35 watt / lamp
4. For kitchens “TCW196”
No. of lamps/luminaire =2
Output flux = 5000 lumens
58 watt / lamp
