CALCULATIONS ON MOLARITY If 2 gm NaOH is dissolute in water to make solution upto 250 cc.
The molarity (M) of a solution is the number of moles of solute Give molarity of the solution:
dissolved in one liter of solution. To calculate the molarity of a Solution
NaOH = W = 2 g
solution, you divide the moles of solute by the volume of the
Molar Mass of NaOH = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40
solution expressed in liters. M = W/M × 1000/(V ml) = 2/40 × 1000/250 = 1/5 M
It is quite widely used unit and it is denoted by letter M Question 3
It is the no. of moles of solute present in per litre solution. Unit = 3
Give the mass of NaOH dissolute to make solution of 500 cm , 1/2
Moles per lit. M molar.
Molarity Formula is given as Solution
M = W/M × 1000/(V ml)
Molar Mass of NaOH = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40
M=1/2 and V= 500 ml
Therefore,
If Volume = 1 litre
1/2=W/40 × 1000/500
M = n solute
-1 W = 20/2 = 10gm
Unit of Molarity is Moles L
In terms of weight, molarity formula of the substance can be
Question 4
expressed as:
20% (w/W) NaOH solution (density of solution= 1.2 g/cc). Calculate
the Molarity
Solution
20% (w/M) means 20 gm in 100gm of solution
Molarity formula with Density is given as Now Density of solution =1.2g/cc
So Volume of Solution =100/1.2 cc
Now
M = W/M × 1000/(V ml)
M= 20/40 × 1000/100 × 1.2 = 6 M
How to calculate the Molarity of a solution Question 5
1. First ,we need to calculate the Molar Mass of the solute. This can Give the volume of the solution if 10 gm NaOH, 1/20 M NaOH sol. is
be find using the molar mass of the elements present.
Let's take a example of NaOH Solution
Molar mass of NaOH = Molar mass of Na + Molar mass of O + Molar M = W/M × 1000/(V ml)
mass of H = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40 1/20 =10/40 × 1000/(V ml)
2. We calculate the Moles of the solute by the formula 4/20 = 1000/(V ml)
n = Mass(g) / Molar Mass V = 5000 ml
3. Find the Volume of Solution in Litre = 5L
We can use below table for our convenience
3 3
1 cm 1mL 1000 mm Question 6
3
1 Litre 1000mL 1000 cm What is the amount of solute present in M/40,100 ml Na OH sol.
3 6 3
1 m 10 cm 1000 L Solution
3
1 dm 1000 cm 1 L
3 M = W/M × 1000/(V ml)
4. Now Molarity can be simply calculated using the Formula of 1/40=W/40 ×1000/100
Molarity 4/40 = W
M= No of Moles of Solute / Volume of Solution in (L) W = 0.1 gm
Solved Example of Molarity Formula Question 7
Question 1 Calculate the morality of 2% (m/v) glucose sol.)
Calculate the molarity of NaOH in the solution prepared by Solution
dissolving its 4 g in enough water to form 250 mL of the solution. 2 gm Glucose in 100 ml sol.
Solution Now Molar mass of glucose (C6 H12 O6) = 12×6+1 ×12+6
As per Molarity Formula = 72 + 12 + 96=180 gm
M = W/M × 1000/(V ml)
M=
M = 2/180 ×1000/100
= (4 g / 40 g ) × (1000/250) = 0.1 mol / 0.250 L M = 1/9
= 0.4 mol/L
= 0.4 M Molarity equation
To calculate the volume of a definite solution required to prepare
Question 2 solution of other molarity, the following equation is used:
M1 V1 = M2 V2 nA = Number of moles of solvent
Where M1= initial molarity nB = Number of moles of solute
M2= molarity of the new solution M = molarity of solution
V1= initial volume d = Density of solution
V2= volume of the new solution MA = Molar mass of solvent
MB = Molar mass of solute
Suppose we have mix three solution of same solute of Molarity M1,
M2 , M3 and Volume V1,V2 ,V3 Now Mass of solution = nA MA + nBMB
Molarity of the resulting solution is given by Volume of solution = Mass of solution/density of solution
MR=M1V1+M2V2+M3V3 / V1+V2+V3 So, Volume of solution = (nA MA + nBMB)/d
Solved Example of Molarity Equations The density of a solution is in g/mL
Question 1
If 500 mL of a 5M solution is diluted to 1500 mL, what will be the Molarity = Number of moles of Solute/ Volume of the solution
molarity of the solution obtained? =nB × d × 1000/(nA MA + nBMB)
(A) 1.5 M (B) 1.66 M (C) 0.017 M (D) 1.59 M Dividing Numerator and denominator by nA+nB
Solution = χB × d × 1000/(χA MA + χBMB)
M1 V1 = M2 V2
500 x 5=1500 x M2 If density is in g/litre then the molarity is given as
M2 =1.66 M = χB × d/(χA MA + χBMB)
Question 2 Molarity Numerical Questions
If 4 g of NaOH dissolves in 36 g of H2O, calculate the mole fraction of 1. Molarity of Solution having 2 moles of solutes present in 2
each component in the solution. Also, determine the molarity of L of solution is [A. 1M B. 2M C. .5M D. 4M]
solution (specific gravity of solution is 1g mL–1). 2. What is the unit of Mole-fraction? [A. it is unit less B.
Solution moles/L C. Moles/Kg D. None of the above]
Mass of NaOH = 4 g 3. We mix three solution of same solute of Molarity 1M, 2M
Number of moles of NaOH =4/40 ,3M and Volume 1 L,2L ,3L. Find the molarity of the
= 0.1 mol resultant solution [A. 3.3M B. 3M C. 1M D. 2.33M]
Mass of H2O = 36 g 4. What is the molarity of a solution that contains 1.724
Number of moles of H2O= 36/18 =2 mol moles of solute in 2.50 L of solution? [A. 1.1M B. 0.55M C.
Mole fraction of water 0.690M D. 0.670M]
=Number of moles of H2O / (No. of moles of water + No. of moles of 5. How many moles of NaCl are contained in 100.0 mL of a
NaOH) 0.200 M solution? [A. .002 B. 2 C. .02 D. .0002]
=2/(2 + 0.1) = 0.95 6. Find the molarity of the solution where mole fraction of
solute is 0.5000 and Molar Mass of Solute is 49 g/Mole and
Mole fraction of NaOH =Number of moles of NaOH/ (No. of moles of Molar mass of solvent is 18 g/M and density of solution is
NaOH + No. of moles of water) 1.769 g/ml [A. 15.24 B. 11.13 C. 12.24 D. 10.1]
= 0.1 / (2 + 0.1) = 0.047 7. What is the molarity of a solution containing 9.478 grams
Mass of solution = mass of water + mass of NaOH = 36g + 4g = 40g of RuCl3 in enough water to make 1.00 L of solution?
Volume of solution = 40 × 1 = 40 mL 8. What is the molarity of a solution containing 5.035 grams
–1
(Since specific gravity of solution is = 1g mL ) of FeCl3 in enough water to make 500 mL of solution?
Molarity of solution 9. What is the molarity of a solution containing 72.9 grams of
= Number of moles of solute / Volume of solution in litre HCl in enough water to make 500 mL of solution?
= 0.1 mol NaOH / 0.04 = 2.5 M 10. What is the molarity of a solution containing 11.522 grams
of KOH in enough water to make 350 mL of solution?
Question 3 How do I prepare 0.2 M HCL? 11. What is the molarity of a solution containing 72.06 grams
Solution of BaCl2 in enough water to make 800 mL of solution?
Now As per Molarity Formula 12. How many grams of NaCl are required to prepare 100 mL of
For 0.2M , we need 0.2 moles of HCl in 1 Litre Solution a solution of 1 M NaCl?
Now Molecular mass of HCl=34.46 g/mol 13. How many grams of KMnO4 is required to prepare 1.0 L of a
1 mole of HCl contain 1×34.46 solution of 1.5 M KMNO4?
g HCl (no.of moles= given mass of solute/ molecular mass of solute) 14. How many grams of HNO3 are required to prepare 500 mL
0.2 moles of HCl contain 0.2×34.46=6.892 of a 0.601 M HNO3 solution?
g HCl 15. What is the volume of a 0.1 M HCl solution containing 1.46
Therefore 6.892 g of HCl in a litre of solution gives 0.2 molar HCl grams of HCl?
solution 16. What is the volume of a 0.2 M AgNO3 solution containing
Relation Between Mole Fraction and Molarity 8.5 grams of AgNO3?
Let χA = Mole fraction of solvent
χB = Mole Fraction of solute
