EXERCISES
1) The reaction N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) ↔ 2 NH3 (g) has Kp (500 °C) = 7,6 x 10-5. Calculate the partial
pressures of nitrogen and ammonia at the equilibrium and the initial values of the partial
pressures of hydrogen and nitrogen knowing that starting form a 1:3 moles ratio of nitrogen
and hydrogen the pH2 EQ = 123,6 atm. .
2) The reaction H2 (g) + I2 (g) ↔ 2 HI (g) has Kp (T) = 64. In a reactor are introduced at T = cost a
mixture of gases with the following compositions: 1,0 mol di HI, 0,1 mol di H2 e 0,1 mol di I2.
Determine: a) which is the spontaneous reaction, b) the quantity of the species at the
equilibrium, c) the temperature T for which Kp = 64.
3) 1,0 moles of CH4 and 1,0 moles of H2S are introduced in a container at the temperature T. Once
the equilibrium CH4 (g) + 2 H2S (g) ↔ CS2 (g) + 4 H2 (g) is established the total pressure Ptot =
1.00 atm while the partial pressure of hydrogen is P H2 = 0.24 atm. Calculate the value of Kp at
the temperature T.
4) Carbon (s, graphite) reacts with air producing CO and CO2 depending on the temperature. Draw
a quantitative graphic G° vs T for the production of CO and CO2 and predict the formation of
which oxide is favored at low and high temperatures. Calculate the temperature T1 for which
the G° of each oxide is equal.
5) In a container are introduced SO3 (g) with PSO3 = 0.10 atm, SO2 (g) with PSO2 = 0.20 and O2 (g)
with PO2 = 0.20 atm. Knowing that the reaction of oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxides
has Kp (1152 K) = 0,141, predict which is the spontaneous reaction in the above conditions and
calculate the G (1152K).
6) At 800 °C the pressure of CO2 (g) in equilibrium with calcium oxide and calcium carbonate is 0,5
atm. Calculate the values of Kp and Kc.
7) Consider the reaction N2O4 (g) ↔ 2 NO2 (g). Calculate a) the value of Kp (25°C), b) the value of
Grxn if in a container having a volume of 10 L are introduced 0,1 moles of N2O4 and 0,2 moles
of NO2 at 25 °C.
8) Draw a graphic G° vs T for the reaction: CH4 (g) + H2O (g) ↔ CO (g) + 3 H2 (g). Calculate the
value of Kp (600 °C). Predict if an increase of the pressure would shift the equilibrium through
the right or through the left.
9) Consider the following reaction: N2O4 (g) ↔ 2 NO2 (g). Determine which effect would have the
following changes: a) addition of N2O4 (g), b) addition of NO2 (g), c) increase of P, d) increase of
T, e) increase of V.
10) 0,60 moles of PCl5 (g) are added in 2,0 L reactor at 500 K. Once the equilibrium is reached, 0,20
moles of PCl3 (g) and 0,20 moles of Cl2(g) are present. Calculate the value of Kp and Kc for the
reaction PCl5 (g) ↔ PCl3 (g) + Cl2(g)
11) Predict the influence on the endothermic equilibrium NH4HCO3 (s) ↔ NH3 (g) + CO2 (g) + H2O
(g) of: a) an increase of P; b) addition of NH4HCO3; c) an increase of T
12) For the reaction: H2 (g) + I2 (g) ↔ 2 HI (g), Kp (633 K) = 66,5 while Kp (713K) = 50,7. Without
using the values of H°f, predict if the reaction is exothermic or endothermic and calculate the
H°rxn.
13) Draw a graphic G° vs T for the equilibrium CaCO3 (s) ↔ CaO (s) + CO2 (g). Through the value
of Kp (20 °C) explain why at 20 °C calcium carbonate does not decompose.
14) Considering the equilibrium N2O4 (g) ↔ 2 NO2 (g), determine the value of Kp (150 °C) and the
direction of the equilibrium in a mixture of gases at 150 °C where the partial pressure of NO2 is
1,45 atm while the total pressure is 1,50 atm.
15) Knowing that for the reaction O3 (g) + NO (g) ↔ O2 (g) + NO2 (g) H°rxn = -199,8 KJ/mol and
S°rxn = -4,6 J/(mol K), determine what happens if in container are placed these gas with P NO2
= 2,0 atm, P O2 = 1,5 atm, P NO = 2,0 atm, and P O3 = 5,0 atm at T = 1000 °C
16) Ammonium hydrogen sulfide decomposes according the following reaction:
NH4HS (s) ↔ NH3 (g) + H2S (g). Kc of the reaction at 25 °C is 1,81 x 10-4. Determine the total
pressure generated if a quantity of ammonium hydrogen sulfide is placed in a closed reactor
where vacuum was made at 25 °C.
17) The reaction 2 CuO (s) Cu2O (s) + 1/2 O2(g) has Kp (1015 °C) = 1,0. In a 15 L reactor are placed
91,0 g of CuO and heated at 1015 °C. Determine if the system reaches the equilibrium before
the total consumption of the reactant and which is the final pressure.
18) Calculate the value of T for which the reaction Fe2O3(s) + 3C (s, graphite) 2Fe(s) + 3CO(g) is
in equilibrium in standard condition.
19) At room temperature the density of diamond (3,51 g/cm3) is greater than the density of
graphite (2,25 g/cm3). Determine if the high pressures favor the formation of diamond or
graphite.
20) Predict which of the following equilibria will be influenced by a decreasing of the volume and
in which direction:
a) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) PCl5 (g); b) BaCO3(s) BaO(s) + CO2(g) ; c) H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)
SOLUTIONS
1) pEQ(N2) = pEQ(H2)/3 = 41,2 atm; p0(N2)=79,65 atm; p0(H2)=238,95 atm
2) a) backward reaction; b) neq H2 = neq I2 = 0.12, neq HI = 0.96; c) T = 736 K
3) Kp = 5.1 x 10-3
4) T1 = 3260 K
5) G = 20,9 KJ/mol
6) Kp = 0,5 atm; Kc = 0,00569
7) Kp = 0,144; G = 4.74 KJ/mol
8) G° (600K) = 77,22 KJ; Kp = 1,90 x 10-7; through the left
9) a), d), e) would shift the equilibrium to the right; b), c) to the left
10) Kc = 0,05; Kp = 2,05
11) a) the equilibrium shifts to the left, b) nothing happens, c) the equilibrium shifts to the right
12) H° = - 12,7 KJ/mole
13) Kp = 3,7 x 10-24
14) Kp = 128,6, the spontaneous process is the forward reaction.
15) G rxn (1000 °) = - 207,4 KJ/mol
16) Ptot = 0,657 atm
17) The system reaches the equilibrium, Ptot = 1 atm
18) T = 907 K
19) Diamond
20) a) to the right, b) to the left
