OP Malhotra Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 5

Quadratic Equations Ex 5(b)

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Students appreciate clear and concise OP Malhotra Class 10 Solutions 5 Quadratic
Equations Ex 5(b) that guide them through exercises.

S Chand Class 10 ICSE Maths Solutions Chapter 5 Quadratic

Equations Ex 5(b)
Solve the following equations by reducing them to quadratic equations :

Question 1.
x4 + 5x² – 36 = 0
Solution:
x4 + 5x² – 36 = 0
Let x² = y, then
(x²)² + 5(x²) – 36 = 0
⇒ y² + 5y – 36 = 0
⇒ y² + 9y – 4y – 36 = 0

⇒ y (y + 9) – 4 (y + 9) = 0
⇒ (y + 9)(y – 4) = 0
Either y + 9 = 0, then y = – 9
or y – 4 = 0, then y = 4

(i) If y = – 9, then x² = – 9 x = ±−9−−−√

which is not real solution
or y = 4, then x² = 4
⇒ x² – 4 = 0
⇒ (x)² – (2)² = 0
⇒ (x + 2) (x – 2) = 0

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Either x + 2 = 0, then x = – 2
or x – 2 = 0. then x = 2
∴ x = 2, – 2

Question 2.
x4 – 25x² + 144 = 0
Solution:
x4 – 25x² + 144 = 0
⇒ (x²)² – 25 (x)² + 144 = 0
Let x² = y, then
y² – 25y + 144 = 0
⇒ y² – 16y – 9y + 144 = 0

⇒ y (y – 16) – 9 (y – 16) = 0
⇒ (y – 16) (y – 9) = 0
Either y – 16 = 0, then y = 16
or y – 9 = 0, then y = 9
If y = 16, then x² = 16 ⇒ x² – 16 = 0
⇒ x² – (4)² = 0
⇒ (x + 4) (x – 4) = 0
Either x + 4 = 0, then x = – 4
or x – 4 = 0, then x = 4
If y = 9, then x² = 9 ⇒ x² – 9 = 0
⇒ x² – (3)² = 0
⇒ (x + 3) (x – 3) = 0
Either x + 3 = 0, then x = – 3
or x – 3 = 0, then x = 3
∴ x = 4, – 4, 3, – 3

Question 3.
(x² + x)² – (x² + x) – 2 = 0
Solution:
(x² + x)² – (x² + x) – 2 = 0
Let x² + x = y, then y² – y – 2 = 0
⇒ y² – 2y + y – 2 = 0

⇒ y(y – 2) + 1 (y – 2) = 0
⇒ (y – 2) (y + 1) = 0
Either y – 2 = 0, then y = 2
or y + 1 = 0, then y = – 1
If y = 2, then
x² + x = 2 ⇒ x² + x – 2 = 0
⇒ x² + 2x – x – 2 = 0
⇒ x (x + 2) – 1 (x + 2) = 0
⇒ (x + 2) (x – 1) = 0

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Either x + 2 = 0, then x = – 2
or x – 1 = 0, then x = 1
If x = – 1, then
x² + x = – 1
⇒ x² + x + 1 = 0
But it has no real solution
∴ x = – 2, 1

Question 4.
[x−2x+2]2−4[x−2x+2] + 3 = 0, x ≠ 2
Solution:
[x−2x+2]2−4[x−2x+2] = 0
Let x−2x+2 = y, then
y² – 4y + 3 = 0
⇒ y² – y – 3y + 3 = 0

⇒ y(y – 1) – 3(y – 1) = 0
⇒ (y -1)(y – 3) = 0
Either y – 1 = 0, then y = 1
or y – 3 = 0, then y = 3
If y = 1, then
x−2x+2 = 1 ⇒ x – 2 = x + 2 = 0 = 4
Which is not possible
If y = 3, then
x−2x+2 = 31 ⇒ 3x + 6 = x – 2
⇒ 3x – x = – 2 – 6 ⇒ 2x = – 8
⇒x=–4
∴x=–4

Question 5.
4(7x−1x)2−8(7x−1x) + 3 = 0
Solution:
Let 4(7x−1x)2−8(7x−1x) + 3 = 0, then
Let 7x−1x = y, then
4y² – 8y + 3 = 0
⇒ 4y² – 6y – 2y + 3 = 0

⇒ 2y(2y – 3) – 1 (2y – 3) = 0
⇒ (2y – 3) (2y – 1) = 0
Either 2y – 3 = 0, then 2y = 3 ⇒ y = 32
or 2y – 1 = 0, then 2y = 1 ⇒ y = 12
If y = 32 , then
7x−1x=32
⇒ 14x – 2 = 3x ⇒ 14x – 3x = 2
⇒ 11x = 2 ⇒ x = 211

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y = 12, then
7x−1x=12 ⇒ 14x – 2 = x
⇒ 14x – x = 2 ⇒ 13x = 2
⇒ x = 213
∴ x = 211, 213

Question 6.
4x – 5.2x + 4 = 0
Solution:
4x – 5.2x + 4 = 0
⇒ [(2)²]x – 5.(2)x + 4 = 0
⇒ (2x)² – 5.2x + 4 = 0
Let 2x = y, then
y² – 5y + 4 = 0
⇒ y² – y – 4y + 4 = 0

⇒ y(y – 1) – 4(y – 1) = 0
⇒ (y – 1) (y – 4) = 0
Either y – 1 = 0, then y = 1
or y – 4 = 0, then y = 4
If y = 1, then
2x = 1 ⇒ 2x = 2° (∵ 2° = 1)
Comparing,
∴x=0
If y = 4, then
2x = 4 ⇒ 2x = 2²
Comparing,
∴x=2
∴ x = 0, 2

Question 7.
16.4x+2 – 16.2x+1 + 1 = 0
Solution:
16.4x+2 – 16.2x+1 + 1 = 0
⇒ 16.(2²)x+2 – 16(2)x+1 + 1 = 0
⇒ 16.2x+2– 16.2x+1+ 1 = 0
⇒ 16.2x.24 – 16.2x.21 + 1 = 0
⇒ 16 x 16.22x – 16 x 2.2x + 1 = 0
⇒ 256.22x – 32.2x + 1 = 0
Let 2x = y, then
256.y² – 32y + 1 = 0
256y² – 16y – 16y + 1 = 0

16y(16y – 1) – 1 (16y – 1) = 0
⇒ (16y – 1)(16y – 1) = 0

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Either 16y – 1 = 0, then 16y = 1 ⇒ y = 116
or 16y – 1 = 0, then 16y = 1 ⇒ y = 116
When y = 116, then
2x = 116 2x = 1(2)4⇒2x=2−4
Comparing
x=–4

Question 8.
34x+1 – 2 x 32x+1 – 81 = 0
Solution:
34x+1 – 2 x 32x+1 – 81 = 0
34x.31 – 2 x 32x x 3² – 81 = 0
⇒ (32x)² x 3 – 2 x 9 x 32x – 81 = 0
⇒ 3 (32x)² – 18 (32x) – 81 = 0
Let 32x = y, then
3y² – 18y -81 = 0 ⇒ y² – 6y – 27 = 0
⇒ y² – 9y + 3y – 27 = 0

⇒ y(y – 9) + 3(y – 9) = 0
⇒ (y – 9) (y + 3) = 0
Either y – 9 = 0, then y = 9
or y + 3 = 0, then y = – 3
If y = 9, then
32x = 9 = 3²
Comparing
2x – 2 ⇒ x = 1
If y = – 3, then
33x = – 3 which has no real values
∴x=1

Question 9.
(2x−3x−1)−4(x−12x−3) = 3 where x ≠ 1 and x ≠ 32
Solution:
Let 2x−3x−1 = y, then x−12x−3=1y
∴ y – 4y = 3
⇒ y² – 4 = 3y ⇒ y² – 3y – 4 = 0
⇒ y² – 4y + y – 4 = 0

⇒ y(y – 4) + 1 (y – 4) = 0
⇒ (y – 4)(y + 1) = 0
Either y – 4 = 0, then y = 4
or y + 1 = 0, then y = – 1
If y = 4, then
2x−3x−1 = 4 ⇒ 4x – 4 = 2x – 3
⇒ 4x – 2x = – 3 + 4 ⇒ 2x = 1

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⇒ x = 12
If y = – 1, then
2x−3x−1 = – 1 ⇒ – x + 1 = 2x – 3
⇒ 2x + x = 1 + 3 ⇒ 3x = 4
⇒ x = 43
∴ x = 12, 43

Question 10.
(x+1x)2=4+32(x−1x)
Solution:
Let x – 1x = y, then
(x+1x)2 = x² + 1x² + 2 = x² + 1x² – 2 + 4
= (x – 1x)² + 4 = y² + 4
∴ (x+1x)2=4+32(x−1x)
⇒ y² + 4 = 4 + 32y
⇒ y² – 32y + 4 – 4 = 0 ⇒ y² – 32y = 0
⇒ y(y – 32) = 0
or y – 32 = 0, then y = 32
∴ y = 0, 32
If y = 0, then
x – 1x = 0
⇒ x² – 1 = 0 ⇒ (x + 1) (x – 1) = 0
Either x + 1 = 0, then x = – 1
or x – 1 = 0, then x = 1
If x = 32, then
x – 1x = 32 ⇒ 2x² – 2 = 3x
⇒ 2x² – 3x – 2 = 0
⇒ 2x² – 4x + x – 2 = 0

⇒ 2x (x – 2) + 1 (x – 2) = 0
⇒ (x – 2) (2x + 1) = 0
Either x – 2 = 0, then x = 2
or 2x + 1 – 0, then 2x = – 1 ⇒ x = −12
x = 1. -1, 2, −i2

Question 11.
2x+7−−−−−√ = x + 2
Solution:
2x+7−−−−−√ = x + 2
Squaring both sides,
2x + 7 = (x + 2)²
⇒ 2x + 7 = x² + 4x + 4
⇒ x² + 4x + 4 – 2x – 7 = 0
⇒ x² + 2x – 3 = 0
⇒ x² + 3x – x – 3 = 0

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⇒ x (x + 3) – 1 (x + 3) = 0
⇒ (x + 3) (x – 1) = 0
Either x + 3 = 0, then x = – 3
or x – 1 = 0, then x = 1
∴ x = 1, – 3
Check : If x = 1, then
L.H.S. = 2x+7−−−−−√ = 2+7−−−−√ = 9–√ = 3
R.H.S. = x + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3
x = 1 is its solution
If x = – 3, then
L.H.S. = 2×(−3)+7−−−−−−−−−−√+−6+7−−−−−−√=1–√ = 1
R.H.S. = – 3 + 2 = – 1
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ x = – 3 is not its solution
Hence x = 1

Question 12.
22x+1−−−−−√ – 2x = 1
Soluion:
22x+1−−−−−√ – 2x = 1
⇒ 22x+1−−−−−√ = 1 + 2x
Squaring both sides,
4(2x + 1) = (1 + 2x)²
⇒ 8x + 4 = 1 + 4x + 4x²
⇒ 4x² + 4x + 1 – 8x – 4 = 0
⇒ 4x² – 4x – 3 = 0
⇒ 4x² – 6x + 2x – 3 = 0

⇒ 2x (2x – 3) + 1 (2x – 3) = 0
⇒ (2x – 3) (2x + 1) = 0
Either 2x – 3 = 0, then 2x = 3 ⇒ x = 32
or 2x + 1 = 0 then 2x = -1 ⇒ x = −12
Check:
if x = 32, then
L.H.S. = 22x+1−−−−−√ – 2x
= 22×32+1−−−−−−−−√−2×32=23+1−−−−√−3
= 24–√ – 3 = 2 x 2 – 3 = 4 – 3 = 1 = R.H.S.
∴ x = 32 is a solution -1
If x = −12, then
L.H.S. = 22x+1−−−−−√−2x=22(−12)+1−−−−−−−−−√−2 x (−12)
= 2−1+1−−−−−−√ + 1 ⇒ 2 x 0–√ + 1 ⇒ 0 + 1 = 1 = R.H.S.
∴ x = −12 is also a solution
∴ x = 32, −12

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Question 13.
4x−3−−−−−√+2x+3−−−−−√ = 6
Solution:
4x−3−−−−−√+2x+3−−−−−√ = 6
⇒ 4x−3−−−−−√=6−2x+3−−−−−√ = 6
Squaring both sides
4x – 3 = 36 + (2x + 3) – 12 72^+3 4x-3 = 36 + 2x + 3-12 72x + 3 ⇒ 4x – 3 – 36 – 2x – 3 =
-12 72x+”3 ⇒ 2x- 42 = -1272×71
Dividing by 2,
x – 21 = -6 72x + 3
Again squaring,
x² -42x + 441 = 36 (2x + 3)
⇒ x² – 42x + 441 = 72x + 108
⇒ x² – 42x + 441 – 72x – 108 = 0
⇒ x² – 114x + 333 = 0
⇒ x² – 111x – 3x + 333 = 0

⇒ x(x- 111) – 3 (x – 111) = 0

⇒ (x – 111) (x – 3) = 0
Either x – 111 = 0, then x = 111
or x – 3 =0, then x = 3
If x = 111, then
L.H.S. = 4×111−3−−−−−−−−−√+2×111+3−−−−−−−−−√
= 444−3−−−−−−√+222+3−−−−−−√=441−−−√+225−−−√
= 21 + 15 = 36 ≠ R.H.S.
∴ x = 111 is not its Solution
If x = 3, then
L.H.S. = 4×3−3−−−−−−−√+2×3+3−−−−−−−√ = 12−3−−−−−√ + 6+3−−−−√
= 9–√ + 9–√ = 3 + 3 = 6 = R.H.S
∴ x = 3 is its solution
Hence x = 3

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