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Computer Fundamentals Simple Notes

The document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including definitions, characteristics, evolution, and classifications of computers. It covers essential components like input/output devices, storage fundamentals, software types, and operating systems. Additionally, it discusses capabilities and limitations of computers, as well as language translators used in programming.

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subhulakshmi
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165 views2 pages

Computer Fundamentals Simple Notes

The document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including definitions, characteristics, evolution, and classifications of computers. It covers essential components like input/output devices, storage fundamentals, software types, and operating systems. Additionally, it discusses capabilities and limitations of computers, as well as language translators used in programming.

Uploaded by

subhulakshmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Fundamentals - Simple Notes

1. Introduction to Computers
A computer is an electronic device that processes data to produce meaningful information.
It works under a set of instructions called programs.

2. Characteristics of Computers
- Speed
- Accuracy
- Automation
- Versatility
- Diligence
- Storage

3. Evolution of Computers
- Mechanical to electronic machines
- From vacuum tubes to AI-based systems

4. Block Diagram of a Computer


- Input Unit → CPU (CU + ALU + Memory) → Output Unit

5. Generations of Computers
- 1st: Vacuum Tubes
- 2nd: Transistors
- 3rd: ICs
- 4th: Microprocessors
- 5th: AI

6. Classification of Computers
- Micro, Mini, Mainframe, Supercomputers

7. Applications of Computers
- Education, Healthcare, Business, Banking, Science, Entertainment
8. Capabilities and Limitations
Capabilities: Fast, accurate, multitasking
Limitations: No intelligence, dependent on instructions

9. Input Devices
- Keyboard, Mouse, Touch Screen, Scanner, Microphone
- Terminals (Dumb, Smart)
- Vision Input System, Voice Recognition

10. Output Devices


- Monitors (CRT, LCD, LED)
- Printers (Impact: Dot Matrix, Line; Non-Impact: Inkjet, Laser)
- Plotters (Drum, Flatbed)
- Speakers, Sound Cards

11. Storage Fundamentals


Primary: RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM
Secondary: Hard Disk, Floppy, Magnetic Tapes, Optical Disks (CD, DVD), Zip Drive, Flash
Drive

12. Software and Its Types


- System Software (OS, Utilities)
- Application Software (Word, Excel, DBMS)
- Programming Software (Machine, Assembly, High-Level Languages)

13. Operating Systems


- Functions: Process management, Memory management, File system
- Types: Batch, Multi-tasking, Multi-processing, Time Sharing
- Examples: DOS, Windows, UNIX, Linux

14. Language Translators


- Assemblers: Convert assembly to machine language
- Compilers: Convert high-level language to machine code at once
- Interpreters: Convert line-by-line

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