MULTIPLE CHOICE ~11J:fiil 1HF,.__t------- -....

Select the correct option out of the four possible options given after the statement of the question.

Q.1. If a charge is m oved against a coulomb force of an electric field, then the [CBSE 2022]
(a) intensity of the electric field increases. (b) intensity of the electric field decreases.
(c) work is always done by the electric field. (d) work is done by the external source.

Q.2. A charge Q is located at the centre of a circle of radius r. The work done in moving a test chaige
qo from point A to point B (at opposite ends of diameter AB) so as to complete a semicircle is

[ k= (4:,J [CBSUll2J

(a) k qoQ (b) k Qqo

r r2
(c) kq 0 Qr (d) Zero

Q.3. A positively charged particle is released from rest in an uniform electric field. The electric
poten tial energy of the charge [NCERT Exemplarl
(a) remains a constant because the electric field is uniform.
(b) increases because the charge moves along the electric field.
(c) decreases because the charge moves along the electric f Id
1e .
(d) decreases because the charge moves opposite to the electric field.
Q.4. l h€c ~peed acquired by a free electron when accelerated f
o f 100 Vis rom rest through a potential differend
(a) 6 / 106 rn s-1 (b) 3 x 106 rn s - 1 [CBSE 2od
(c) 4 x 10s m s - 1 (d) 2 3 -1
Q.5. J 1.. e lPC tn c pote ntial at a point on the axis of a sho t . x lO m s
. • . . .
m1 d - po1nt of dipol e 1s proportional to
r e 1ectnc dipole 1t .
, • •1 d1st,1nce _,. from

(a) (/J)
1'l (c) [CBSE
x4
\ \
x2
Q.6. The electric poh•ntial 011 th1• .1xis ol ,lll t•lt·, lt ic dipoh• .,t ,1 dist 111 . , , ., .
. • . • • • H , tron\ it' .
the potential al a porn! at lh1• sanu• d1sl,11H' t• on 11~ t•,1u,1tori.1l ti,w will ht.• s Ct.•ntre is V. Th
lCBSE Sample Q
Uest·10
V n Paper 2
(b) -- V (c)
2 (d) 2L•ro
 A uniform electric field pointing in positive X-direcr . .
.7. . . ion exists Jn a region L t A b .
B be the point on the X-axis at x = + 1 cm and C be th . · e e the ongin,
. e point on the Y-axis t
the potential at pomts A, Rand C satisfy. [CBSE a Y = + 1 cm. Then
Sample Question Paper 2025)
(a) VA< VB (b) VA> VB (c) VA< Ve (d) V
A> Ve
The electric potential Vat any point (x, y, z) is given by v = 3x2 h . .
- w ere x is m metres and V in
\'olts. The electric field at the point (1 m, 0, 2 m) is
[CBSE 2022)
(a) 6 V/m along- x-axis
(b) 6 V Im along+ x-axis
(c) 1.5 V Im along- x-axis (d) 1.5 V /m along+ x-axis

Q.9. Two charged spheres A and B having their radii in the ratio 1 : 2 are connected together with a

conducting wire. The ratio of their surface charge densities ( :: ) will be [CBSE
20221

1
(a) - (b) 2 (c) ..!. (d) 4
2 4
A conducting wire connects two charged conducting spheres of radii r1 and r2 such that they
attain equilibrium with respect to each other. The distance of separation between the two
spheres is very large as compared to either of their radii.
The ratio of the magnitudes of the electric fields at the ,-,urfaces ot the spheres of radii , 1 and r
2
is [CBSE Sample Question Paper 2025]

(b) r2 (c)
rl (d)
,2
_1
r1 r? rf
A proton is taken from point P 1 to point P 21 both located in an electric field. The potentials at
points P1 and P 2 are - 5 V and+ 5 V respectively. Assuming that kinetic energies of the proton
at points P 1 and P 2 are zero, the work done on thP proton is [CBSE 2024]
18
(a) - 1.6 x 10- J (b) 1.6 x 10- 18 J (c) Zero (d) 0.8 x 10- 18 J

Q.12. Two charges 14 µC and - 4 µC are placed at (- 12 cm, 0, 0) and (12 cm, 0, 0) in an external electric
2
field E = (;) , where B = 1.2 x 106 N m C- 1 and r is in metres. The electrostatic potential

energy of the configuration is [CBSE 2022]

(a) 97.9 J (b) 102.lJ (c) 2.1 J (d) -97. 9 J
cqu1potentials at a large distance from a collection of charges whose total sum is not zero are
approximately [NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2022, 2024]
(a) spheres (b) planes (c) ellipsoids (d) paraboloids

four charges - q, - q, + q and + q are placed at the corners of a square

of side 2L is shown in the figure. The electric potential at point A
midway between the two charges +q and - q is [CBSE 2022]
+q
-,r
A1 2L
(b) 1 2q(1+__!_)
41t£o T Js
+q -q
1
(d) zero Fig. 2.04

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance ~

 t l f equipoten tia l surface?
Q ,. \\ h" h of I h< t olln" , "~ " • 01 1h < ,,,,,pe• ' ' IC 8 S Ii Sample Question Paper

(a)
11
w, d om.,, U'O'-S (';1\_ h \_)\ ht'l I th 1,-.1,11111' nn 1111'111 i•{ zt• rn ,
t,) Tot> ntc of d1,11lgt' nt l'l''"nt111 ,, , ' .
( ' I l h ,113 th1•, •"'' i n1H ,·11!111' i;p lwn•::,,
(1) 1 l)l a \1111\0111\ (' ('( 1 ll l

(fl
t 111'-\ cc1nbl•1mn1imnt' !-plH'II'!'-,
• 1 cc t 1,:1ralll'i to till' uniform d,,ctri< fi1•ld. ·11w am ount of
.
\n tkdn, ,hprih or moment I' is pa l• • • lCBSE Samp1e Q ues t·ion p aper ,m-..
~
Qlb , , k, n Ill rot ~ting the d1polc b) q() ts
pF.
--•
1 (d) Zero
(c) - 2
(b) pr
, n•~lr capacitor is counected to a 200 V ~attery. If its capacitance is changed fro m 2 µF to
2
\ µI the de<r<'as< in energy of the capacitor is? • 10- J. The value of Xis [CBSE 2022]
<•l 1,F (h) 2 µF (c) 3 µF (d) 4 µF
1
, -\ + 3 0 nC charge Q is initially at rest at a distance of r 1 = 10 cm from a + 5.0 nC charge q
"ed t the ongin. The charge Q is moved away from q to a new position at r2 = 15 cm. In this
p o t:c;s v. ork done by the field i.:: 7 [CBSE 2022}
7
(a) 1.29 x 10-5 J (b) 3.6 x 105 J (c) - 4.5 x 10- J (d) 4.5 x 10- J
en c..apacitors, each of capacitance 1 µF, are connected in parallel to a source of 100 V. The
total energy stored in the ~y,. tem is equal to [CBSE 2024}
3 2
(a) 10-2 J (b) 10-3 J (c) 0.5 x 10- J (d) 5.0 x 10- J
The capacitance of a capacitor is 4 ~LF and its potential is 100 V. The energy released on
d1sc.harging it fully will be
(a) 0.02 J (b) 0.04 J (c) 0.025 J (d) 0.05 J
Q 21 A parallel plate capacitor is made of two dielectric blocks +ve
m eries. One of the blocks has thickness d1 and dielectric
constant .k 1 and the other has thickness d 2 and dielectric
conc,tant K 2 as shown in Fig. 2.05. This arrangement can
be thought as a dielectric slab of thickness d (= d1 + d 2)
nd effecth e dielectric constant K. The K is
[NCERT Exemplar] Fig. 2.05

(a, l'1d1 + K2d2 (b) K1;1: ~2d2 (c) K1K2(d1 + d2) 2K1K2
di +di 1 2 (K1d2 + K2d1) (d) K +K
Q2 A f , llel plate capacitor with air between the l t h , 1 2
l tv., < t plates ls 'd' Th p a es as a capacitance of q pF. T he separaliOft
• e space between the plates is fi .
U1< d1el h , I dielc , · now lied with two dielectrics, Oneal
c1uc constant K1 3 and thickn . d .
f a,id llu,kness 2 d C . ess 3 wlulc the olhel' one h as dielectrie
conslat I J 3 . apac,tancc of the cai, ".."'l'1·tor .IS l\O\\'

(a) l .8 pJ· (/J) 45 pJ {<-) 40.5 pF (d) 20.2S pf

Q.23. J hree upac.itor& 2 µr, 3 µJ and 6
(apacitance is Jd an• joined in st•rit•'i with each otht>r. T heequival
ICBSE Sample Question Paper
(a) _!_ (/J) I pll
2 µF (c) 2 µF (d) LL µF
 .14. A c.ipadtor plat1.•s ,lTc I h;ugccf hy a h,,tlcry with 'V' volls. After charging battery is disconnected
and a did1.•ctric slah with dit•li•1 hi, 1·011'1l,111t '/\' is i118l'rl1·d hl'!wccn '"' pl,ites, the pot,·nfi<1l
,1crnss lhl' pl.ill•!; ot a 1·ap.u·i to1 will ht•,omc [CBSE Sa mple Question Paper 2022]

(ti) /{'!'() (/1) V V

(c) - (d) KV
2 K
Four c,1p,1dtors, Nch of c.-ipacitance 4 i1F, are connected as C2
shown in Fig. 2.06. The equivalent capacit,mcc bctwcl"n c1
Ae---1 I-
_r-H\ C4
till' points,\ and H will be ✓ ~B
\ C3
(11) 16 µF (b) 10 µF ~
(c) 1.6 µF (d) 4 µF Fig. 2.06

Q.26. Four capacitors, each of 1 ~1F, are joined as shown in

Fig. 2.07. The equivalent capacitance between C C
the points A and Bis l1
i---r--1ll--'
(a) 1 µF (b) 0.25 µF
Fig. 2.07
(c) 2 µF (d) 4 µF

Q.27. Three charges 2q, - q and - q lie at vertices of a triangle. The value of E and Vat centroid of
•riangle will be [CBSE Sample Question Paper 2022]
(a) E =t Oand V =t 0 (b) E = 0 and V =0 (c) E =t O and V =0 (d) E = 0 and V :;t 0
Q.28. Two parallel plate capacitors X and Y, have the same area of plates and same separation
between plates. X has air and Y with dielectric of constant 2 , between its plates. They are
connected in series to a battery of 12 V. The ratio of electrostatic energy stored in X and Y is
[CBSE Sample Question Paper 2024]
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 1 : 4 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 2

rm►,~93it1•

o
1 (d)
(b)
2.
10. (b)
(d) 3.
11. (b)
(c) 4. (a)
12. (a)
5.
13.
(d)
(a)
6.
14.
(d)
(a)
7. (b)
15. (c)
8. (a)
16. (b)
-
17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (d) 20. (a) 21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (c)
25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (c)

EDMPETENCY FOCUSED QUESTIONS \

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1U1):FUt 1H~1......---------■
Select th . .
e correct option out of the four possible options given after the statement of the question.

Q.l. 1he electrostatic potential on the surface of a charged conducting !>phere i!> 100 V. Two
Slatements are made in this regard :
Slatement S1 : At any point inside the sphere, el1.•ctrk fil'ld is zero.
Slatement S 2 : At any point inside the sphere, the electrostatic potential is IOO V.

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

 \\h1ch ol tlw follt1\\lllg , ., ll l lHlu.: 1 ,-(,t e 111r1 1t ?
INCl!Rt Exerti
ta} ~, as l11ll' bul s, ts t,\lsc Pt.,)
(l•) Both and ~, tH ,.
"-1 1,,1 .. ,, .
(d ~ ,._ tme ~J as,,),.,, l 11 1l', .111d S, iti llw of ti1
t ,11 1~l'

( } ~: Is t1ue ~ i" nlc;p 11 111•, hut tlw ~!a!enwnb ,H e' ind c•1w nd c•nl.

Q" \\ ht\ , ot tht d ,ng

. ...,m .. corrcc·ti ) ICJHcscnts• the clcchk fil'ld between two charged plate11 f a
n t lt 1 ,onductor is placed in bcl\\ccn the pl,,tt•s? ICBSF.20221
1

~
........... + + + I + + +
+ + ~t
+ +
+ "++"' + + + ·. +·. -l: : +
\ \\ \
(a) T T T T
. .
:a.:·. .\ . t. : t: ~
..
. 'rt . .,. . y. .
~
* (b) , t t 0 ; t .
,~-~ ·-,~ r=i~ . , .. ::,
: .
:: 4

I-
. .
I + + + + + + .:J
J
+ + + +
........................... ·······
............... 0 .................. .
(c) .... ···•· ·······. ········· ... ........... .
. . ····► ...................... ·········•· ..
[- - -I
Fig. 2.08

Q.3. Four equal point charges Q each are placed in the x-y plane at (0, 2), (4, 2), (4, - 2) and (0, - 2)
respectively. The work required to put a fifth charge Q at the origin of the coordinate system
l\iU be

(a) Q2
2✓21r£.o (b) k._[1+_lJs ]
4ne0
{c) k._[1 + _l] (d) JL
2
4ne0 ✓3

Q.4. A solid spherical conductor has charge + Q and radius R.

It is surrounded by a solid spherical shell with charge - Q,
Ulller radiu5, 2R., and outer radiw, 3R. Which of the following
is true ? [CBSE Sample Question Paper]
+G
Q +)+
electric potential has a maximum magnitude at C and + •
D
6eJd has a maximum magnitude at A. A B
+ +
+
- 4 maximum magnitude at D and
• maximum magnitude at B.
· 7.ero and the electric field has -
.B..
Ill 2R .,►
electric field achic>w a 3R

Fig. 2.09
ft charged tu 5 Jt( • If tlw pl.1tt·s .ue p ull ed ap,ut to reduce the
rk is done ?
>c 10~ J (c) 2.16 x lQ -<> J (d) 6.25 x 10--6 J
Q,fi. In ...,, gb l'll t1cl\\ ork ,,11 ',lp.H'itm:; us(•d ,1n• idcnli(' •11 •111 , I l',ll' t1 on•· ·,s o f c,1p,1c:1·t,1ncE> C . Which
th [CBSE 2022]
ot thr tolli..," ing is th c cquiv,,tl•nt l'.lp,tcit,11H'l' hclWl'l'll tlw point<; A ,rnd H?

Fig. 2.10

(b) ~c (c) le (d) ~c

2 6
(a) 6 C 2

Q.'". In the reported figure, a capacitor is formed by placing a

-
compound dielectric between the plates of a parallel plate
-ve
capacitor. The expression for the capacitance of the said +ve _

capacitor is (Given area of plate = A) ® @ ®

l5Ke0 A
15Ke0 A (b)
(a) 6d
34d 2d 3d
d
9Ke0 A
25Ke0 A (d) Fig. 2.11
(c) 6d
6d
Q.8. 11identical capacitors, each of capacitance C, when connected in parallel give the effective
capacitance of 90 µF. When these capacitors are connected in series, the effective capacitance is

2., µF. The value of n and C respectively are

(c) 15 and 6 µF (d) 18 and 5 µF
(a) 6 and 15 µF (b) 5 and 18 µF

2µTµF
C1 C3
Q.9. Four capacitors
are connected in a circuit as shown in the figure
2.12. The effective capacitance (in µF) between the points A
a-c! B will be C2 2 µF B
A
(a) 28 C4
9
2 µF
(b) 4
Fig. 2.12
(c) 5
(d) 18

Q.10. A capacitor of capacitance 10 µFis charged to 100 V. It is now connected to another uncharged
capaci tor of same capacitance. The ratio of initial energy U 1 of charged capacitor and energy ll:?

of combination is
(c) 1 : 1
(d) 4: 1
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2: 1

7. (a) 8. (a)
1. (c) 5. (11) b. (c)
2 (d) t (b) 4. (d)
9. (c) 10 (b)

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

 ASSERTION-REASON [ITITT;fil,mi
~ol<' R ~ , ( \) 1, R., , ,, 1 (,I') 1 1,, f11 lfi, ,111 ,1 ,,,,1,A tit,·, 1!111'< I 111 11111•• 1 ,,,11 nf II,,. r11 fi 111 "i .,. , bcI'nv
1 1
1
(a) Ruth A"~·, hv11 (A) rm, i I''' ,ti:,m t (I'}
' ' II<' 1, 111 , ,md tit,• lfrr1so11 (I<) ,., 1111' rorrn / rrp/anation ~, /L•ie
A,;~•1 ltml ( \). . 0

(bl Rill// A, . . rr/1011

. (1\ ) 1111, f 1,,,
111:-011
. ,
(R) ' 1/c' t, ue , but Rc11so11 (R) 1s not the rorrrr t r•xplanation ri'~ the
A,,.;1•1111111 (A).

(r) A.,,rrlton (A) is /rue, /1uf Rca~on (R) is fa lse.

(d) As,crtum (A) is f,7/sc and RMson (R) is also fa lse.
Q.1. Assertion (A)
An electron has a high potential energy when it is at a location associated
with a more negative value of potential, and a low potential energy when at a
location associated with a more positive potential.
Reason (R)
Electrons move from a region of higher potential to region of lower
potential. [CBSE Sample Question Paper 202
Q.2. Assertion (A) 41
Sphere A of radius r is placed concentrically +
inside a thin spherical shell B of radius 2r.
Charges Q and 3Q are respectively given to
sphere A and shell B. If the two are connected
+
by a metal wire, whole charge of sphere A is
transferred to spherical shell B.
Reason (R)
Charge flows from higher potential to lower
potential.
+
Fig. 2.13
A capacitor of capacitance C is connected to a battery of voltage V so that
the capacitor acquires a charge Q. Battery is then removed and a dielectric
is introduced between the plates. Electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor
increases.

When dielectric is inserted, charge on the plates of capacitor decreases.

) If the distance between plates of a parallel plate capacitor is halved and
the intervening space is filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant 3, the
capacitance of capacitor becomes 6 times of its original capacitance.
The capacitance of a capacitor does not depend on the material of the metal
plates.

Two equipotential surfaces can never intersect.

Potential at all points of an equipotential surface is uniform.
Four identical charges of magnitude q each are placed
A a B
at the vertices of a square of side 'a'. The electric field q ' , Q
at the centre point O is zero but electric potential is ''
non-zero and finite. ''
ReaM>n (I<) a '
'w a
1:lectri c fit•Jd is a vector quantity but electri c potential . '(i,
is a i.C'a lar. ''
Q.7. Assertion (A)
''' Q
q - a~
l!lel trh field ii; .tlw,1y1, 11onn,1l to l'ltuipolt•ntial surfa ces D C

Reason(/~) and along tltt~ d ir,•ction of d<'cre,1si ng ord er of potential. Fig. 2.14
Maximum vc1lue of neg.itive gradient of electrical potential is electric field,
U-UKE Physics - XII
 At a point in spa<'r tlw rlrclrk field point'i clur north. Surrounding the point
in sp.ln' tlw 1,1h' of rh,rngr of poh•nti,11 will bt• 7.NO along the east.
Ht•rtrk fidd dlll• lo ,1 <'hargt· is tlw spo1cc Mound thl' charge in which its
Hca.,on m)
intlu('tll'l' c,m be felt. +A+
+- - r~
I +
fqu,11 amount of positive and negative charges are I +
I
+

r----D
BJJ
+ IQ
distributed uniformly on two halves of a thin circular
1(
ring as shown in figure. The resultant electric field at \ I /
I /
the centre O of the ring is along OC. '-.. I .,, /
- C ...
Reai;on (R) It is so because the net potential at O is not zero.
[CBSE 2024] Fig. 2.15

Work done in moving a charge around a closed path in an electric field is

Q.10, Assertion (A)
always zero.
[CBSE 2023]
Reason (R) : Electrostatic force is a conservative force.

ANSWERS ]
6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (b)
2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (b)
1. (c)

9. (c) 10. (a)

■
CASE BASED/SOURCE BASED 11m~Hil:@l1\llfiHllm
Q.l. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow :
The figure shows four pairs of parallel identical conducting plates, separated by the same distance
2.0 cm and arranged perpendicular to x-axis. The electric potential of each plate is mentioned.
The electric field between a pair of plates is uniform and normal to the plates. [CBSE 2024)
y

11 I I I I I I ~ x
- 70 V - 50 V - 50 V + 150 V - 20 V + 200 V - 100 V - 400 V z
(IV]
[II) (111)
[I)
Fig. 2.16
➔

(i) For which pair of the plates is the electric field E along i ?
(a) I (b) IT (c) III (d) IV
(ii) Ai, electron is released midway between the plates of pair IV. It will
(a) move along i at constant speed. (b) move along - i at constant spet.•d.
(c) accelera te along i. (d) accelerate along - i .
(iii) Let Vo be the potential .it llw ldt plah' of ,my st•l, takl'll to bt• ,1t ,. = 0 111. Then potential Vat
any point (0 .,, x 2 cm) bt>lwn•n tlw pl,1tes of th,1t st•l can be expressed as 3/2
112
(a) V=V +o.x (b) V = Vo+ax 2 (c) V = V0 +ax (d) V = Vo+ar
0
where u.. is a constant, positive or negative.
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
 I <' l / 1 l • I I 4 be the m ,t!,;11 i111d e,; ol lh e ,•l1•c Iri e fie ld lwlwl'<' n lhP pairs r>f Plat,,,..•,
,J
l ,lllll
II Ill and]\ t<'SJll'Cll\l' 1, . I hc11 ••
(,1) r1 , L , .... 1 1 ' ' ,
( /,) > C,1> /; I > C2
/; 1

(r) [ 4 , 1J '.'> l i '> 1 1 (d) C2 > 1;,1> C,1> r:1

Or
• · I'd ltom the ng • 11t PIa Ie of set I directly towrUdf; il s left pl.itP. JU\•
.
\n t;kllron 1s pniJ<'l c d . hich it was projected ts about 11
I , I t, Jhe s pce wi 111 w
ron,e, lo rest • •' 1c P • ' · [Take (elm) 1,76 • l(Jli C/ki

(a) l.3 x 10s m/s (b ) 2.6 x 106 m / s (c) 6.5 x 10s m/s (d) 5.2 x 107 m/s
J\ns. (1) (d) I\
. . IV
[Hint : Electric field is along+ vex-axis only m case of parr of plates .

6.V _ [(- 100) - (- 400)]i = 1.5 x 104 i V m-1]

Here E = - M - ( .0xl0-2)
2
A

(i1) (d) accelerate along- i . . . .

[Hint: As electron is negatively charged particle, ~tis accelerated ma direction opposite
to that of electric field. So it is accelerated along - i .]
(iii) (a) V = V0 + a.x

[Hint : As electric field between the two plates is uniform, potential V at any point
between the plates is given as:
V = V0 + ax, where a is a constant.]
E4 > E3 > E2 > E1
RI':-&. E _ -70-(-50)
~- i- 2x10-2 =- 1 X 10
3 l~ V ID-1 .

_ -50-(150) _ - l O 4 ~ V -1
~- 2 x 10-2 - . x 10 z m ,

~ ~
2
r - 0-(200) -
,1;,3=--~:;-- - - 11
. x 104 t V m -l and E4--15
. x 104 l V m -l
2x10-2
Prom these values we conclude that E4 > E3 > E > E ]
2 1
Or
I. II

[Hint: Let initial velocity of electron be u and its acceleration

-eE1
a= -m- = - (1.76 x 10 11 ) x 103 = - 1.76 x 1014 m s- 1

As electron come to rest (v == 0) after covering a distance s= 2 x 10- 2 m, hence

2
(0)2- u = 2 X (- 1.76 X 10 14) X (2 X 10-2) = - 7.04 X lQ 12
~ u = 2.65 ,., 106 m s 1 == 2.6 x 106 m s 1J

Beu the following pa,ag1,1ph and ,lll 'i Wl'r tlw quPslion ,; th,1t follow :
Equipotential Surfacc,1, - An c•c11 11pol<'11ti.il st11 f,1< ·t• i-, ,1 s u 1f,ll'L' with a constant value of electric
potential at all poinb on 1111• ~u rfo,, , I hi' cu111pu1H•11t of ell'ctric field parallel to an cquipotentia~
surface is zero, as tlw poh•J1li.il <lot>s not changt' in thih direction. Thus, the electric field is
U-LIKE Physics - XII
 rcrpt•ndit•ul,u to the l'tluipoh'ntial surf,Kl' ,,t c•,wh point of tlw .,urf,,(C. Purthcr, in the direction of
ckdriC ticld l'kdric.il poll'nti,1! !cir.1rlu,11ly f,1\I., w1lh di'>l,1111 c·.

(i) If ,1 sn1,1ll lt'!-1 d1.ngc 'In i ... l.1l,1•11 110111 mw point lo

anot h•r '" Cl .1111•quipolt>nti.1l ,;m l,H't•, llwn
(a) n1.1 ,mn1m ,, 01 k 1~ done on ll'Sl d\c\rgc.
(/,) 1nmmH1m "tWk is done on test charge.
td nq~.1ti\ l' "ork is done on test charge.
{d) m1 work is done on test charge.
Aq
(ii) ln the ekctric field of ch.uge Q, a certain charge q is
carried from point A to B, C, D and E. Then the work I
I
I
do<1e
'8
I
(a) is least along the path AB.
(b) is maximum along the path AE. E ' ,
' I
(c) is zero along all the paths. , ... - - .,,. , , C
D
(d) is least for the path AE.
Fig. 2.17
(iii) The angle between equipotential surface and electric field lines is
7t (d) n
(a) zero (b) n (c) -
4 2
(iv) A charge enters between two horizontal plates separated by 2 mm and having a potential
difference of 100 V. The electric field between the plates is
(a) 5 x 104 V m-1 (b) 50 V m-1 (c) 200 V m (d) 0.02 y-l m
Or
Four equipotential surfaces are shown in
adjoining Fig. 2.18. Magnitude and direction
of electric field is
(a) 100 V m-1 along x-axis.
(b) 200 V m-1along x-axis.
(c) 200 V m-1 at an angle of 120° from x-axis.
(d) 100 V m-1 at an angle of 60° from x-axis. Fig. 2.18

Ans. (i) (d) no work is done on test charge.

[Hint : As per definition of equipotential surface no work is being done in order to move
a test charge from one point to another on the surface.]
(ii) (c) is zero along all the paths.
[Hint: As all the points A, B, C, D and E lie on an equipotential surface, work done to
take a charge q from one point to another must be zero.]

Uii) (c) 7t
2
[Hint: Llectric field is always directed perpendicular to an equipotential surface.]
(zv) (a) 5 x 104 V m ·1
3
[Hint: As LiV"" 100 V and t\r - 2 mm =- 2 x 10 m
Electric field £ = Li V = lOO V = 5 x 104 V m- 1]
3
Lir 2x10 m
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
 Or
(<'} 200 \' m- 1 at ,rn angle of 120° from , ,1xis.
I
[Hint: From ti~un' \\ · 1() V ,md \1 , \ 1 ~ 111 30" IO cm x - = 5 cm 0.05 n,
2

r ,,
\\ 1()
(),():,
'.'()() y 111 ' · 'I he.• <lirl'cllon of cleclnc fi<'ld J; is perpendicular to

l'qll1rotl'nlt,1l ~lll (,1Cl'. l lcncc C is directed al an angle of 120° from I X axis.]

Q.3 1,l', d tlw fl)llowin,~ paragraph and answer the questions that follow:
P1l'll'\.'tnc~ play an important role in design of capacitors. The molecules of a dielectric Illa ~
Pl)l.lr or non-polar. When a dielectric slab is placed in an external electric field, opposite cha~

,11-~pl'ar on the h\'o surfaces of the slab perpendicular to electric field. Due to this an electric fi::
1~c:--tablished inside the dielectric.
The capacitance of a capacitor is determined by the dielectric constant of the material that fills
ce between the plates. Consequently, the energy storage capacity of a capacitor is also
· resistors, capacitors can also be arranged in series and/ or parallel. [CBSE 20241

(d) HCl
g statements about dielectrics is correct ?
has a net dipole moment in absence of an external electric field which
to the induced dipoles.
ment of induced dipoles is along the direction of the applied electric

roduced due to induced surface charges inside a dielectric is along the

is inserted between the plates of an isolated charged capacitor, the

electric field inside it also increases.

electric field also decreases.
electric field increases.
••••
itor with plate area A and PIate separation
. d has capacitance C0. A slab
;constant •
K' area Aand th·ickness ( d) 1s· mserted between the plates.
5
e of the capacitor will become

♦J]c. (b) [K+S]

4 Co (c) [ SK
4K +l
Jco (d) [ \ ;
4
]c
0

Or
:capacitors of capaci tann•" 2CO ,Ill
. d nC ,lre ft. •t .11.I
0 rs conneclt•d in series and then in paraJ.1111
the same battery 'I I11. . .
•
e I 11
· ' •11 H 1 of t•nt•rc• • st
r,H s
•
on•d •n series combination to tha ...
t f.a.

1
4 (b) ! (c) 2
6 (d) 3
15
16
 (i) (d) HCl .
~o~• [J{int: Out of given molecules only HCl is a polar molecule.]
(ii) (,,) A polar dielectric has a net dipole moment in absence of an external electric field which
gets modified due to the induced dipoles.
[Hint : A polar dielectric has a dipole moment of its own as well as an additional dipole
moment due to its polarisation in an external electric field.]

(iii) (b) decreases and the electric field also decreases.

[Hint : When a dielectric slab is inserted between the plates of an isolated charged
capacitor, electric field between the plates decreases on account of polarisation of charges.
Consequently energy stored in the capacitor is also decreased.]

SK+ 1
(iv) (c) [ 4K Jc o

[Hint : Cmed =
EoA _ EoA = 5K£oA = SKCo ]
t ] - [d - 4d
- +4d
-] d(l + 4K) (1 + 4K)
[ (d-t ) +-
K 5 SK
Or
(d) 3
16
[Hint: In series arrangement Cs = 2C = l.S Co
0 x 6C0
c
2 0
+ 6Co

and in parallel arrangement CP = 2 Co + 6 Co = 8 Co

As voltage of battery is same, hence
= _C_s = _l._SC_o = 3 ]
_U_s
uP cP BCo 16