REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO

MINISTERE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR ET UNIVERSITAIRE

OUTPUT AND INPUT

Par :
KADIMA NDYANYAMA Patien

Prof : Mr Good Son

L1 LMD

ANNEE ACADEMIQUE 2024-2025

OUTPUT DEVICES
- Output devices are used to give the final result.
For example:- Monitor, Printer, speakers etc.
There are many kind of output devices which can connect to the computer and give us the desired results. Monitor is the main
output device of the computer system, without it we can’t imagine the computer. Output from the output device may be in the
form of text, audio, or video.
Both input and output devices are distinct to each other input gives the instruction to the processor and output gives the result
after the instruction completed.

A device that can receive data from computer or another device and create output with that data is called output device. Examples
of various output devices are as:
Computer Monitor
Speakers
Headphones
Printers
Projectors
Plotters
Video Cards
Sound Cards
CD and DVD media
Actuators
Now that we have listed these 10 examples of output devices, let us examine each to show you their features and usefulness to
the computer and you the user.

1. Computer Monitor
A computer monitor is a visual screen display unit and it is the most common example of an output device. All monitors work
with your computer video card to show a real-time picture of what your computer’s operating system, programs, and doing.
For example, when you type a letter using your keyboard connected to your computer, it displays or outputs on your monitor.
Without the monitor, you will not be able to see how the letter looks like talk less of reading it.
There are two common types of monitors; Cathode ray tube and the Flat panel screen. Monitors come in various sizes, shapes
and display technologies. Also, due to modern advancement, some monitors can equally serve as an input device if they have a
touch screen you can use instead of a mouse or keyboard.

2. Speakers
Speakers are also common examples of output devices of computer. Also, you use them for listening to sounds and other audio
materials from your computer. Furthermore, Laptops and monitors often have speakers inbuilt in them. In addition, you need
Sound cards on a computer for the speakers to function. Similarly, a speaker converts digital signals into analog sound waves
that are audible to the human ear. Finally, speakers range from simple two speaker output devices to sound multi-channel units.
3. Headphones
Another common example of an output device is a headphone. Some computer headphones have both the speakers and
microphones. Headphones aren’t just for music; they also allow us to hear when communicating with others via voice calls.
Headphones also ensure privacy and are perfect for gaming.

4. Printers
With a printer, you can convey pictures, text, and information directly from your computer into hard copy formats. Also, you
can transmit image data in your computer into the printer, which then physically recreates the image, usually on paper. In
addition, you can find Printers in homes, small offices, business, and photographic studios.

5. Projectors
Projectors are output devices used mainly by companies, schools, and churches to show information to a large body of people at
the same time. They are also used during meetings or classes for presentations. In addition, Data projectors connect your
computer graphics card and allow you to mirror your computer screen to a wall or smooth surface (Whiteboard, White cloth
surface). The most common types are the LCD and digital light processing (DLP) projectors although the latter is more expensive.
One of its features is a color wheel filter.
6. Plotters
Plotters are generally used with engineering applications, for generating a hard copy of a digitally created design. In addition,
Plotters are also often used by graphic artists, architects, constructions engineers, etc. The user has to send a design to the plotter
through a graphics card that then forms the design through a pen. Also, the Plotter draws pictures with the use of straight lines.

7. Video Cards
These are hardware devices that work in conjunction with the monitor to display visual output to the user. This hardware device
helps the user return information to the computer as well, thereby enhancing interaction, the video card processes the images
seen on the monitor, return images quality are also determined by the video card quality.

8. Sound Cards
Although a Video card is an essential component of a computer as it works with the monitor for a good display function, a sound
card is however optional. Also, this output device gives you better user experience. However, just like the video card, a sound
card also determines the quality of sound produced by the speakers of a computer, whether internal or external. In addition,
Sound cards are mainly used by sound engineers, music producers and multimedia creators for good and smooth sound
productions.

9. CD and DVD Media

CD and DVD media have become standard output devices for computers. The advantage of these output devices is in storing
data for a long period of time. CD and DVD are writable; users write information into a CD and DVD hardware device to share
information.
The disadvantage is that CD’s and DVD’s are easily dispensable and could go bad quickly if not kept properly in the right
environment. In addition, if this happens, it will lead to loss of data which could be costly to the organization or individual. Also,
you can use it in cars to listen to download music from platforms like iTunes.

10. Actuators
An Actuator is an output device responsible for creating real-world movements in a computer controlled system. Also, an actuator
is a type of motor often used in companies that deal on robotics and in construction companies that are involved in gear and
metal movements. Furthermore, an example of an actuator is an automatic shop door or airplane landing gears.

Conclusion

A computer can work without an output device; however, without the output devices of Computer, you will not know what the
computer is doing. For example, if you detach your monitor from your computer, while the computer is still working you will
not know what it is doing. This is how important output devices are to a computer.

INPUT
An input device for a computer is anything that sends information to the CPU to perform a specific function. A computer has
the ability to use many different types of input devices to provide a unique experience to each user. Computer input devices
include many types of hardware such as a keyboard, mouse, webcam, scanner as well as a microphone. An input device is a
peripheral device that converts symbols that people understand into bits that computer can process. Types of Input devices An
input device includes a keyboard, a terminal, a touch screen, a mouse, a scanner etc. They are discussed below: Keyboards A
keyboard is a device used to encode data by key depression, which enters information into a system. The keyboard is one of the
most common type of input devices that are used with a computer. A keyboard consists of letters, numbers and other types of
keys that perform different types of functions when used with a computer system. A keyboard can connect to the computer
through a cord as well as through wireless connection.
These are the hardware devices that are used for entering data and instructions into the computer system. The input devices allow
human to interact with the computer system. The following are some examples of Input devices:

Keyboard: Most important input device. The keyboard is very much like a typewriter keyboard with a few additional keys. The
keys when pressed send an input signal into the computer.

Keyboard Function Keys: A function key is a key on a computer or on the computer keyboard which can be programmed so as to cause an operating system programto perform
certain actions.
The function keys are arranged at the top of your keyboard numbered across from F1 to F12 and are commonly referred to as F keys or FN keys.
The keys provide some interesting shortcuts for common computer functions that can be useful tools in everyday computing. The
keys are frequently used in combination with other keys such as the CTRL key, the ALT key, and the SHIFT key.
F1
F1 is mostly used as the help key. Almost every program will open the help screen when this key is pressed. Windows Key + F1 would open the Microsoft Windows help and
support centre.
Opens the Task Pane.
Note: The Windows key has the Microsoft flag logo on it and is located between the CTRL and ALT keys on the keyboard.
F2
In Windows commonly used to rename a highlighted icon or file.
Alt + Ctrl + F2 opens a new document in Microsoft Word.
Ctrl + F2 displays the print preview window in Microsoft Word.
F3
Often opens a search feature for many programs including Microsoft Windows.
Shift + F3 will change the text in Microsoft Word from upper to lower case or a capital letter at the beginning of every word.
F4
Opens find window.
Repeat the last action performed - for Word 2000+
Alt + F4 will close the open Window that you are currently working on.
Ctrl + F4 will close the open window within the current active window in Microsoft Windows. Keyboard
Function Keys - F5
Pressing F5 will refresh or reload the page or document window - This can be a handy shortcut Open the find, replace, and go to window in Microsoft
Word. Starts a slideshow in PowerPoint. F6
This key is often used to move the cursor to the Address bar Mozilla Firefox or Internet Explorer. Ctrl + Shift + F6 opens to another open Microsoft Word
document.
F7
Commonly used to spell check and grammar check a document in Microsoft programs such as Microsoft Word, Outlook, etc.
Shift + F7 runs a Thesaurus check on the word highlighted. Turns on Caret browsing in Mozilla
Firefox. F8
The F8 key can be used to access Safe Mode if pressed during the computer's boot up process.
F9
Opens the Measurements tool bar in Quark 5.0. F10
F10 is the key that is used to activate the menu bar in many programs. F10 can be used to highlight the first menu choice, and then use the arrow keys to move around the menus.
Shift + F10 is the same as right-clicking on a highlighted icon, file, or Internet link.
Keyboard Function Keys - F11
Full-screen mode in all modern Internet browsers - Pressing F11 when you are working in Internet Explorer will open the window to full screen mode. All the tool bars disappears
making it possible to see more information on the screen. Pressing F11 when you are in full screen mode will toggle you back to your normal view.
F12
Open a new document in Microsoft Word Open the Save as dialog box in
Microsoft Word.
Shift + F12 save the Microsoft Word document.
Ctrl + Shift + F12 prints a document in Microsoft Word.
Shortcut Keys and their Functions
Shortcut Keys and their Functions: Some commonly used computer short cut keys are documented below. Short-cut Keys and their Descriptions Alt
+ F: File menu options in current program.
Alt + E: Edit options in current program
F1: Universal Help in almost every Windows program.
Ctrl + A: Select all text.
Ctrl + X: Cut
Shift + Del: Cut selected item.
Ctrl + C: Copy selected item.
Ctrl + Ins: Copy selected item.
Ctrl + V: Paste selected item.
Shift + Ins: Paste.
Home: Goes to beginning of current line.
Ctrl + Home: Goes to beginning of document.
End: Goes to end of current line.
Ctrl + End: Goes to end of document.
Shift + Home: Highlights from current position to beginning of line.
Shift + End: Highlights from current position to end of line.
Ctrl + Left arrow: Moves one word to the left at a time.
Ctrl + Right arrow: Moves one word to the right at a time.
Shortcut Keys and their Functions: Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys in Microsoft Word. Shortcut Keys and their Descriptions Ctrl + A: Select all
contents of the page.
Ctrl + B: Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl + C: Copy selected text.
Ctrl + X: Cut selected text.
Ctrl + P: Open the print window.
Ctrl + F: Open find box.
Ctrl + I: Italic highlighted selection.
Ctrl + K: Insert link (Shortcut Keys and their Functions).
Ctrl + U: Underline highlighted selection. Ctrl + V: Paste.
Ctrl + Y: Redo the last action performed.
Ctrl + Z: Undo last action.
Ctrl + L: Aligns the line or selected text to the left of the screen.
Ctrl + E: Aligns the line or selected text to the center of the screen.
Ctrl + R: Aligns the line or selected text to the right of the screen.
Ctrl + M: Indent the paragraph.
Ctrl + Shift + F: Change the font.
Ctrl + Shift + >: Increase selected font +1pts up to 12pt and then increases font +2pts.
Ctrl + ]: Increase selected font +1pts.
Ctrl + Shift + <: Decrease selected font -1pts if 12pt or lower, if above 12 decreases font by +2pt.
Ctrl + [: Decrease selected font -1pts.
Ctrl + Shift + *: View or hide non printing characters.
Ctrl + L: Moves one word to the left.
Ctrl + R: Moves one word to the right.
Ctrl + : Moves to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
Ctrl + : Moves to the end of the paragraph.
Ctrl + Del: Deletes word to right of cursor.
Ctrl + Backspace: Deletes word to left of cursor.
Ctrl + End: Moves the cursor to the end of the document.
Ctrl + Home: Moves the cursor to the beginning of the document.
Ctrl + Spacebar: Reset highlighted text to the default font.
Ctrl + 1: Single-space lines.
Ctrl + 2: Double-space lines.
Ctrl + 5: 1.5-line spacing.
Ctrl + Alt + 1: Changes text to heading 1.
Ctrl + Alt + 2: Changes text to heading 2.
Ctrl + Alt + 3: Changes text to heading 3.
Alt + Shift + D: Insert the current date.
Alt + Shift + T: Insert the current time.
In addition to the above shortcut keys users can also use their mouse as a method of quickly do something commonly performed. Below
some are examples of mouse shortcuts.
Mouse shortcuts and their Descriptions
Click, hold, and drag: Selects text from where you click and hold to the point you drag and let go.
Double-click: If double-click a word, selects the complete word.
Double-click: Double-clicking on the left, center, or right of a blank line will make the alignment of the text left, center, or right aligned.
Double-click: Double-clicking anywhere after text on a line will set a tab stop.
Triple-click: Selects the line or paragraph of the text the mouse triple-clicked.
Ctrl + Mouse wheel: Zooms in and out of document (Shortcut Keys and their Functions). 100 Keyboard
Shortcuts in Windows 10
A list of 100+ keyboard short-cuts for Windows 10, including shortcuts for copy, paste, and more.
Here's the full list of keyboard short-cuts for Windows 10 - all the Windows 10 keyboard shortcuts you need to know Keyboard
shortcut → Action
Windows key → Open or close Start Menu.
Windows key + A → Open Action center.
Windows key + C → Open Cortana in listening mode.
Windows key + D → Display or hide the desktop.
Windows key + E → Open File Explorer.
Windows key + G → Open Game bar when a game is open.
Windows key + H → Open the Share charm.
Windows key + I → Open Settings.
Windows key + K → Open the Connect quick action.
Windows key + L → Lock your PC or switch accounts.
Windows key + M → Minimize all windows.
Windows key + R → Open Run dialog box.
Windows key + S → Open Search.
Windows key + U → Open Ease of Access Center.
Windows key + X → Open Quick Link menu.
Windows key + Number → Open the app pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.
Windows key + Left arrow key → Snap app windows left.
Windows key + Right arrow key → Snap app windows right.
Windows key + Up arrow key → Maximize app windows.
Windows key + Down arrow key → Minimize app windows.
Windows key + Comma → Temporarily peek at the desktop.
Windows key + Ctrl + D → Add a virtual desktop.
Windows key + Ctrl + Left or Right arrow → Switch between virtual desktops.
Windows key + Ctrl + F4 → Close current virtual desktop.
Windows key + Enter → Open Narrator.
Windows key + Home → Minimize all but the active desktop window (restores all windows on second stroke).
Windows key + PrtScn → Capture a screenshot and save in Screenshots folder.
Windows key + Shift + Up arrow → Stretch the desktop window to the top and bottom of the screen.
Windows key + Tab → Open Task view.
Windows key + "+" key → Zoom in using the magnifier.
Windows key + "-" key → Zoom out using the magnifier.
Ctrl + Shift + Esc → Open Task Manager.
Alt + Tab → Switch between open apps. Alt + Left arrow key → Go
back.
Alt + Page down → Move down one screen.
Ctrl + Alt +Tab → View open apps
Ctrl + C → Copy selected items to clipboard.
Ctrl + X → Cut selected items.
Ctrl + V → Paste content from clipboard.
Ctrl + A → Select all content.
Ctrl + Z → Undo an action.
Ctrl + Y → Redo an action.
Ctrl + D → Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin.
Ctrl + Esc → Open the Start Menu.
Ctrl + Shift → Switch the keyboard layout. Ctrl + Shift + Esc → Open
Task Manager. Ctrl + F4 → Close the active window.

Mouse: A mouse is a small object you can roll along a hard or flat surface. It controls the movement of the cursor on a display
screen. downward pressure. It is often rectangular in shape and found mostly on laptops. It is an alternative to mouse.
,
Touch screen: It allows the user to operate / make selections by simply touching the display screen. The display screen is sensitive
to touch of a finger or stylus. Widely used on ATM machines and most mobile phones.

Microphone: A device that is used to capture and record sound.

Bar code reader: These are photoelectric scanners that read bar codes printed on product containers. They are generally used in
super markets.
Scanner: Scanner reads texts, images or illustrations printed on paper and translate the information into a form that the computer
can use. It works by digitizing an image.

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR): MICR can identify character printed with a special ink that contains particles of
magnetic material. This device is widely used in banking industry.

Optical Mark Recognition (OMR): Also called mark sense reader is a technology where an OMR device senses the presence or
absence of a mark, such as pencil mark. OMR is widely used in tests such as aptitude test.

Joystick: Is an input and pointing device used in computer games.

Digital camera: An input device used to capture images and moving pictures
List and briefly explain ALL set of keys on the keyboard. Hint: Alphabet keys