Doumpnes Dt s Tu presence opmeiptune
.vacbw parti oA uildg Aucha
plaeswalla e_Aeo elc
Dampnes o eithes amcol dus 1oiouan_n
Guulikide wro
Condenáalim _uith uubuilein
Dompnew in le uildnq Laols to wnpleasnt
tinb4gienieLonditim ta duwallos kus uhius
C ndst_bo taksu toreretsuch situdiesU
ent Cause o daeos
Kau l u
38LndNt
Exhos eel Tpsewals
Ladaquati ctuf lat foro
Londimsatim-
alesial salusCaneaaily enlu ta it
n lat haos impzxrfes. Soh slapes Seudti io
,
h ond ng o a l eluleauli io t
danp ness
t o p oLoaly unot ptecteel uith he
pends LaHELS&uuch as Concrelele.
Pa 9aluC ae easily entes imti it
The Splahiny 0 auin_n extesnal usac of-
Wat
o i improfe þlastema 00 u ateral
SLa_Ma lso Leadl dampn
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th ndkut c le dsain This
alo eSuli indampncs
`Jahes in mhasl nerptat oal
aaalstora omnatim dompnA
qeneral_builcdie (onsmutsd en_Asil, duu t i _
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Wate bto usalunayhit tlu
a da
tiun t e resulk n lu sozmebin g dlambnsa
ot_tlu l a Jel
may Corommal 07Desideniial euilding
wwalebipa, 8»
Herc ill be a no 0
Consmuttl l u Shuctiaca
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h e iheaAL Lan he ectEL Tha
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o a i p e io
meur
bi.bes,bird1eo
uluilh often Lad t
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akage nalaen dampneu
TE
Comom Mateias tlaed io Pamp -
Bitumun Lommondy Dc az domp
r Eiotnthaly anvidea
l u Hhicknciu aheut" zmm 'MÉs tu beddi
undsa_m htLonditimn
Mastic sbhalls _ a sinmi-naid matenal
ohta by heatiaco 0eubhal
wth_Sond and uiatardilll, i mpemes
sulalald Cureull
Brsk i h Wle, abs in_ley han
SpeFCent_ase edkr dam
metera
Mora The :3,CenLenf Ml it Sme
Qmgmt
09tnk ake d a do_brofr maLdO
oed nndatim,Ammd lab
onleet LSalL also Aed o: plaskomiq
enterral usalL.
MlalSheeh -_ Metal sheets Such as Copbe
_ a Ded toSeal
Olunmianu t lsad sheeti
Scal uupt be pvidedlsnctin jom Bitumirau
ar Hiaype af
Plaohic shees The ase alao eel al
4uto damp Materrs
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a polthtn aepMaied. e the
t be dom prvofes
Dam ro
h preet enk uiel ih e to rendu
uildnq damp D htL _damP
Jtin dme b okeibosnq a_lasu o
da mut ataial
da)hes uilding elunenl 1kelh: Z
hia layes bknkhn demp r
-Ceuse DPC
MetadL o Domp Proofonq
ussase reatment
t e g i a l0aiL p p +
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adincnt to it:
Lunlioq
CaslyCOall lonstuclim
10.1 DAM-PROOFING
If damp conditions prevail in the buildings they armful to occupant's
become harmful to
dapant's
itself. In order to render buildings
health and also to the building
to thebuildings at the time of their con
ap-proof,
nstru
proof
s o m e treatment has
to be given
to render building damp-proof,
is known: tion.
The treatment which is given amp-
proofing. Damp-proofing of buildings is done by interposing a layer damp
s o u r c e of dampness and
building itself and thi
proof material between
D.P.C. Nowadays practical. all
known as damp-proof course abbreviated as in o n e way or the other
the buildings a r e given damp-proof
treatment
CAUSES OF DAMPNESS
10:2
is the chief cause of dampness. Graniula.
Absorption of water by the materials, to
ar
water may find access, the inside
materials absorb water easily and this of
be the possible causes
the building in one way or the other. Following may
structure:
responsible for entry of dampness into a
1. Ground Water Table. If ground water table is high, it is likely to rise to
the vicinity of the foundation of the structure and affect it. Normally, buildine
materials used in foundations, absorb water by capillary action and pass it
inside the building.
2. Rains. If external walls of the building are not protected, rain water hiting
it may find its way and may cause damp conditions inside. Leaking rofs may
also allow rain water to enter the building.
3. Exposed Tops of Walls. Top of parapet walls if not properly plugged
against entry of rain water, dampness may find its way through them also.
4. Condensation. When warm and heavily charged humid air is cooled,
condensation takes place. This action is most likely to happen in wrongly
designed kitchens.
5. Inadequate Slope to Flat Roofs. If slope of the roof is not adequate to
drain off rain water effectively, storage of water may take place at the roof and
water may seep into the building.
ER
1 0 . 3
DAMPNESS
Harmfiul ful effects of
dampness are as follows:
1. T ho
materials used in the
eted by
affected
dampness. Stones,construction
by da
bricks,
of the
etc. may
building are seriou1sly
cence effect of dampness
disintegrate
rate due to
toeefflores-
Plaster gets softened and
may crumble.
Tasightly
3.
white patches are
noticeable
ceilings. on
damp outside walls and
istempers and paints may flake off,
appearance.
thus damaging their good
Timber may decay, warp and buckle due to
6 Metallic fittings may corrode. dampness.
.Electrical fittings may get damaged.
8. Termite growth is promoted.
gDamp buildings create unhealthy conditions for
occupants.
10.4 REQUIREMENTS OF A GOOD DAMP-PROOFING
MATERIAL
1. The material should be impervious, and
durable.
2. It should remain in its position of
application and should not allow anyy
movement in itself.
3. It should be able to resist loads
coming on it safely.
4. It should be in position to accommodate some
structural movement
without fracture.
1. Surface Treatment. This method consists of tilling or blinding the pores
pora
of the material exposed to moistureby providing a thin film of water repelei
material over the surtace. Some of the materials employed are sodium
potassium silicate, aluminium or zinc sulphates, barium hydroxide ani
Damp-TOoJnB U
applications. Soft soap and alum also in
ulphate in a
in lt
alternate
coal-tar, bitumen,
sulphat
nagmesiu nlications,
um
c a n be used.
Besides these materials
which
lrernatend fats, sshellacs, resins and gums etc. are the other materials
rernateats. h e l .
w a N e sa n d
c u nb e u s e d
Flooring D.P.C.
Flooring
150
G.L. mm
D.P.C
About
750 mm
Y G.L
(6)
(a)
floor.
D.P.C. at plinth level just above ground
(a) surface of ground floor.
(b) D.P.C. at level of upper
Fig. 10.1
a r e unsuitable
in the tropics
materials like waxes, and fats not lasting
Out of these, s o m e Resins and gums a r e also
melt with rise in temperature. surface.
as they
coal-tar and bitumen disfigure the original
materials and
25 mm tiles
75 mm Conc.
90 mm brick
D.P.C.
75 mm earth
C . conc. fillet
G.L.
TTETAA
including walls.
covering the full floor
area
Fig. 10.2. D.P.C.
1s
Sur useful when the moisture causing dampness
treatment is
only
supecClal.
e
Cement, lime and sand plaster in ratio of 1: 1:6
is also found qute
structural
n the dampness from penetrating inside the
Wall preventing but
wet during rains
plastered surface with this plaster becomes
e
im
nmediately dries afterwards.
m ubstances
shstances like chalk, talc, fuller's earth etc. which
action of pore filling and
have simply a
mechanica
making the concrete or mortar
lhate,
inc caleium, aluminium or ammonium
lphate, calciun denser, to
chlorides etc. which react
all and fil
hemically and fill the pores. Most of the
patented
void, colemanoid, ironite, cementone, dampro,preparations like pudlo
permo rainex etc. are
a mix with the mortar or concrete to render the structure water
proof.
Interposing a Membrane between Source of Moisture and the Part
Le che Building Adjacent to it. This method consists, in the incorporation of a
embrane or a layer of water repellent material in the wall or floor. The materials
Internal
wall
Higher
floor
Lower
floor D.P.C
D.P.C
Fig. 10.6. D.P.C. for a wall having floors at different levels on its both the faces
employed are lead, either in plain sheets or bituminized, terra-cotta, slates,
mastic asphalt, copper and bitumastic felts. Lead and copper are very costly
and hence not advocated for use. Mastie asphalt in one or two layers and
treatment with bitumen felts are generally considered the best methods where
hydraulic pressure is considerable.
4. Cavity Walls. Cavity walls have already been discussed earlier. Outer
SKIn of cavity walls gives protection to the main walls of the building. The cavity
main wall.
prevents moisture from travelling from outer skin to the inner
the
avities function satisfactorily only if they are clear from droppings, and
are
either starts or stops.
c Well ventilated. D.P.C. must be laid, wherever cavity of the
should window or door jambs along the length
..0. also be laid along
wall, for a length of about 150 mm on either side of the opening
.uniting. This methodcomprises in forming a n impervious layer ofrich
and water is forced by
mortar. In this method, first a mixture of cement
l:4 cement mortar is
to be treated and later 1:3
or
entgun on the surface
d With the help of compressed air under pressure.
