Very short – 2 marks Question Model
Part I: Organizational Behavior
Unit 1: Introduction
1. What is Organizational Behavior (OB)?
2. Name the levels of OB analysis.
3. What are the basic assumptions of Organizational Behavior?
4. What is individual behavior in the context of OB?
5. What is the significance of emotions in OB?
6. Define cognitive dissonance in OB.
7. What are the contributing disciplines to the field of Organizational Behavior?
8. What is an input-output system in OB?
Unit 2: Perception and Learning
9. What is perception in OB?
10. Define perceptual process.
11. What are the factors affecting perception?
12. What is the concept of attribution theory?
13. What is an attribution error?
14. What is classical conditioning?
15. Define operant conditioning.
16. What is cognitive learning theory?
17. What is social learning theory?
18. What is behavior modification?
Unit 3: Personality
19. What is personality in OB?
20. What are personality traits?
21. Define emotional intelligence.
22. Name any two types of personality.
23. What is the role of emotions in personality?
24. What is self-concept?
25. Define personality determinants.
26. What is extraversion in personality traits?
Unit 4: Job Satisfaction
27. What is job satisfaction?
28. What are the effects of job satisfaction on employees’ performance?
29. What is the importance of job satisfaction in OB?
30. Name one method for measuring job satisfaction.
31. What is the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity?
Unit 5: Groups and Teams in Organizations
32. What is a group in the organizational context?
33. Define group dynamics.
34. What are informal groups?
35. What is the difference between a group and a team?
36. Name any two types of groups in organizations.
37. What are the stages of group formation?
38. What is team performance?
Unit 6: Organizational Conflict and Stress
39. What is organizational conflict?
40. Define functional conflict.
41. What is dysfunctional conflict?
42. Name one source of organizational conflict.
43. What is the concept of organizational stress?
44. What are the causes of stress in organizations?
45. What is stress management?
46. What is conflict resolution?
47. Name one approach to conflict management.
Unit 7: Organizational Change and Development
48. What is organizational change?
49. What is resistance to change?
50. What is Lewin’s three-step model of change?
51. Define Organizational Development (OD).
52. What are the features of OD?
53. What is the concept of organizational development interventions?
Part II: Human Resource Management
Unit 8: Introduction
54. What is Human Resource Management (HRM)?
55. What are the functions of HRM?
56. What is Human Resource Planning?
57. What are the objectives of HRM?
58. What is HRM system?
59. Name one characteristic of Human Resource Management.
60. What is productivity in HRM?
Unit 9: Job Design and Analysis
61. What is job design?
62. What is job analysis?
63. What is job description?
64. What is job specification?
65. Define job evaluation.
66. What is the purpose of job analysis in HRM?
67. What is the importance of job design in HRM?
Unit 10: Talent Acquisition and Development
68. What is recruitment?
69. Define talent management.
70. What is the selection process in HRM?
71. What is the difference between recruitment and selection?
72. What are selection tests?
73. What is employee socialization?
74. Define training.
75. What are off-the-job training methods?
76. What is on-the-job training?
Unit 11: Performance Appraisal and Reward Management
77. What is performance appraisal?
78. Name one method of performance appraisal.
79. What is reward management?
80. What is the purpose of performance appraisal?
81. What is a graphic rating scale in performance appraisal?
82. Define forced distribution in performance appraisal.
83. What is an alternative ranking method?
84. What are intrinsic rewards?
85. What are extrinsic rewards?
Unit 12: Employee Maintenance and Emerging Issues in HRM
86. What is employee welfare?
87. What is employee health and safety?
88. What is work-life balance?
89. What is e-HRM?
90. What is employee empowerment?
91. What is downsizing in HRM?
92. What is green-HRM?
93. What is outsourcing in HRM?
94. What is the importance of grievance handling in HRM?
95. What is employee discipline?
96. What are the challenges of HRM in emerging markets?
97. What is the role of technology in HRM?
98. What is the concept of HRM in Nepalese organizations?
99. Define the concept of ethics in HRM.
Part I: Organizational Behavior
Unit 1: Introduction
1. What is Organizational Behavior (OB)?
2. Name the levels of OB analysis.
3. What are the basic assumptions of Organizational Behavior?
4. What is individual behavior in the context of OB?
5. What is the significance of emotions in OB?
6. Define cognitive dissonance in OB.
7. What are the contributing disciplines to the field of Organizational Behavior?
8. What is an input-output system in OB?
9. What is the role of Organizational Behavior in enhancing organizational effectiveness?
10. Define the term ‘system’ in Organizational Behavior.
11. What is the concept of Organizational Behavior system?
12. How does OB relate to individual and group behavior?
13. What is the importance of understanding individual behavior in organizations?
14. How can managers apply OB concepts to improve organizational performance?
15. What are the challenges faced by managers in OB today?
16. What are the implications of attitudes and values in OB?
17. Define 'workplace motivation' in OB.
18. What is the role of perception in OB?
19. Define 'group dynamics' in the context of OB.
Unit 2: Perception and Learning
20. What is perception in OB?
21. Define the perceptual process.
22. What are the factors affecting perception?
23. What is attribution theory in OB?
24. What are attribution errors?
25. Define classical conditioning.
26. Define operant conditioning.
27. What is cognitive learning theory?
28. What is social learning theory?
29. What is behavior modification in OB?
30. What are the stages of perception in OB?
31. What is selective perception?
32. What are stereotypes in the context of perception?
33. Define 'learning' in organizational context.
34. What is vicarious learning?
35. How can learning theories be applied in organizational settings?
36. What is reinforcement theory in OB?
37. What is operant conditioning's role in employee behavior?
38. What is cognitive dissonance theory?
39. What is the role of social reinforcement in learning?
40. What is the process of reinforcement in OB?
Unit 3: Personality
41. What is personality in OB?
42. Name any two personality traits.
43. Define self-concept in personality.
44. What is extraversion in personality?
45. What is agreeableness in personality?
46. What is conscientiousness in personality?
47. What is emotional stability in personality?
48. What is the significance of personality in organizational behavior?
49. Define the term 'locus of control.'
50. What is emotional intelligence in OB?
51. What is self-esteem in personality?
52. How does personality impact leadership effectiveness?
53. What is the role of personality traits in employee motivation?
54. What is the significance of personality tests in recruitment?
55. What is the difference between introversion and extraversion?
56. How does personality affect job satisfaction?
57. What is Machiavellianism in organizational behavior?
58. What is narcissism in organizational behavior?
59. What is the role of personality in job performance?
60. How does personality affect communication in organizations?
Unit 4: Job Satisfaction
61. What is job satisfaction?
62. What is the importance of job satisfaction in OB?
63. How does job satisfaction affect organizational performance?
64. What are the effects of job satisfaction on employee performance?
65. How can job satisfaction be measured?
66. What is job dissatisfaction?
67. How can managers improve job satisfaction?
68. What is the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover?
69. What are intrinsic and extrinsic factors in job satisfaction?
70. How does job satisfaction impact organizational commitment?
71. What is Herzberg’s two-factor theory?
72. What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory in relation to job satisfaction?
73. How does employee engagement relate to job satisfaction?
74. What are the consequences of low job satisfaction?
75. How does job satisfaction impact productivity?
Unit 5: Groups and Teams in Organizations
76. What is a group in an organizational context?
77. What is team performance?
78. What is group dynamics?
79. What is the difference between a group and a team?
80. Name two types of groups in organizations.
81. What is the purpose of informal groups?
82. What are the stages of group formation?
83. What is the significance of informal groups in an organization?
84. What is team performance management?
85. What is the concept of team cohesion?
86. What is the difference between team and group performance?
87. How do teams contribute to organizational goals?
88. What is synergy in the context of teamwork?
89. What is groupthink in team dynamics?
90. What is the importance of leadership in teams?
Unit 6: Organizational Conflict and Stress
91. What is organizational conflict?
92. What is the difference between functional and dysfunctional conflict?
93. What are the sources of conflict in organizations?
94. What is the role of conflict management in organizations?
95. What is negotiation in conflict resolution?
96. What are the causes of stress in organizations?
97. What is stress management?
98. What is the relationship between stress and employee performance?
99. What are the consequences of high organizational stress?
100. How can conflict be resolved in organizations?
101. What is workplace bullying?
102. What is burnout?
103. What is role ambiguity in stress?
104. What is role overload?
105. How does organizational culture contribute to stress?
106. What is the role of communication in managing conflict?
107. What are the conflict management styles?
108. What is emotional labor in relation to organizational stress?
Unit 7: Organizational Change and Development
109. What is organizational change?
110. What are the forces of change in organizations?
111. What is Lewin’s model of change?
112. What is resistance to change?
113. What is organizational development (OD)?
114. What are OD interventions?
115. What is the role of leadership in managing organizational change?
116. What are the types of change in organizations?
117. What is planned change?
118. What is organizational culture change?
119. What is the impact of change on employees?
120. What is the importance of organizational development?
121. What is the role of communication in managing change?
122. What is the resistance to change in OD?
123. How do managers manage change effectively?
Part II: Human Resource Management
Unit 8: Introduction
124. What is Human Resource Management (HRM)?
125. What are the functions of HRM?
126. What is human resource planning?
127. What are the objectives of HRM?
128. What are the challenges of HRM?
129. What is HRM system?
130. What is productivity in HRM?
131. What is the importance of HRM in achieving organizational goals?
132. What are the characteristics of HRM?
133. What are the roles of HR managers in organizations?
Unit 9: Job Design and Analysis
134. What is job design?
135. What is job analysis?
136. What is job description?
137. What is job specification?
138. What is job evaluation?
139. What are the benefits of job design?
140. What is the purpose of job analysis?
141. What is the relationship between job design and employee motivation?
142. What is the difference between job design and job analysis?
143. What are the methods of job analysis?
Unit 10: Talent Acquisition and Development
144. What is recruitment?
145. What is selection in HRM?
146. What is the recruitment process?
147. What is talent management?
148. What is the difference between recruitment and selection?
149. What are selection tests?
150. What is employee socialization?
151. What is the importance of training in HRM?
152. What is on-the-job training?
153. What is off-the-job training?
154. What are training methods?
155. What is management development?
156. What is career development in HRM?
157. What is the purpose of employee orientation?
158. What are the benefits of training programs?
Unit 11: Performance Appraisal and Reward Management
159. What is performance appraisal?
160. What are the methods of performance appraisal?
161. What is reward management?
162. What is intrinsic motivation?
163. What are extrinsic rewards?
164. What is the graphic rating scale in performance appraisal?
165. What is forced distribution in performance appraisal?
166. What is the critical incident method in performance appraisal?
167. What are the benefits of reward management?
Unit 12: Employee Maintenance and Emerging Issues in HRM
168. What is employee welfare?
169. What is employee health and safety?
170. What is work-life balance?
171. What is e-HRM?
172. What is downsizing in HRM?
173. What is employee empowerment?
174. What is green HRM?
175. What is outsourcing in HRM?
176. What is the importance of grievance handling?
177. What is employee discipline?
178. What is the role of ethics in HRM?
179. What is HRM in Nepalese organizations?
180. What is the role of technology in HRM?
181. What is the concept of virtual teams in HRM?
182. What are the emerging issues in HRM?
183. What are the challenges of managing a multicultural workforce?
Short Answer Question – 10 Marks
Part I: Organizational Behavior
Unit 1: Introduction
1. Explain the concept of Organizational Behavior and its significance in improving
organizational effectiveness.
2. Discuss the various levels of analysis in Organizational Behavior and explain how each
level contributes to understanding individual and organizational behavior.
3. Explain the basic assumptions of Organizational Behavior and discuss their impact on
managerial decision-making.
4. Describe the mental processes (beliefs, attitudes, values, and motives) that shape behavior
in an organizational setting. How do they affect managerial decisions?
Unit 2: Perception and Learning
5. Discuss the perceptual process and the factors that affect perception. How does
perception influence decision-making in organizations?
6. Explain attribution theory and discuss its practical implications for organizational
behavior. How do attribution errors impact interpersonal relationships in the workplace?
7. Compare and contrast the classical conditioning and operant conditioning theories of
learning. How can they be applied in employee behavior modification?
8. Discuss the concept of social learning theory and explain how it can be used to improve
organizational learning and employee performance.
Unit 3: Personality
9. Explain the different types of personality traits and discuss their impact on organizational
behavior and performance.
10. Discuss the concept of emotional intelligence and analyze its role in improving leadership
effectiveness and interpersonal relationships in organizations.
11. Explain how personality traits such as openness, conscientiousness, extraversion,
agreeableness, and neuroticism affect individual behavior and team dynamics in
organizations.
12. Describe the major determinants of personality and how they influence employee
behavior in the workplace.
Unit 4: Job Satisfaction
13. Explain the concept of job satisfaction and discuss its importance in improving employee
performance and retention.
14. Analyze the factors that influence job satisfaction and explain how organizations can
measure and improve job satisfaction among employees.
15. Discuss the relationship between job satisfaction and employee motivation. How can job
satisfaction impact organizational productivity?
16. Explain Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation and how it relates to job satisfaction
in the workplace.
Unit 5: Groups and Teams in Organizations
17. Discuss the stages of group formation and explain how group dynamics influence team
effectiveness in organizations.
18. Compare and contrast the characteristics of groups and teams. Discuss how teams can be
more effective than groups in achieving organizational goals.
19. Explain the concept of team performance and identify the factors that contribute to high-
performing teams in organizations.
20. Discuss the challenges of managing teams in organizations and provide strategies for
overcoming these challenges to enhance team performance.
Unit 6: Organizational Conflict and Stress
21. Analyze the causes of organizational conflict and discuss the approaches to conflict
management that can be used to resolve conflicts effectively in the workplace.
22. Discuss the different types of stress that employees may experience in an organization
and provide strategies for managing and reducing stress.
23. Explain the difference between functional and dysfunctional conflict. How can managers
transform dysfunctional conflict into functional conflict?
24. Describe the various stress management techniques that organizations can adopt to
reduce employee stress and improve productivity.
Unit 7: Organizational Change and Development
25. Discuss the forces that drive organizational change and the impact of resistance to
change. How can managers overcome resistance to change?
26. Explain Lewin’s three-step model of organizational change. How can this model be
applied in managing change within organizations?
27. Discuss the concept of Organizational Development (OD) and explain the various OD
interventions that can be used to enhance organizational effectiveness.
28. Analyze the challenges faced by organizations when implementing change and propose
strategies for ensuring successful change management.
Part II: Human Resource Management
Unit 8: Introduction
29. Discuss the role and importance of Human Resource Management (HRM) in achieving
organizational goals. How does HRM contribute to organizational success?
30. Explain the concept of Human Resource Planning and discuss its significance in ensuring
the right talent is available to meet organizational needs.
31. Analyze the challenges of HRM in the contemporary business environment, including
issues such as globalization, technological changes, and workforce diversity.
32. Discuss the various objectives and functions of Human Resource Management. How do
these functions help in managing employees effectively?
Unit 9: Job Design and Analysis
33. Explain the concept and benefits of job design in HRM. How does effective job design
contribute to employee motivation and organizational efficiency?
34. Discuss the process of job analysis and explain how it helps in developing job
descriptions and specifications. How is job analysis used in recruitment and performance
evaluation?
35. Compare the different methods of job evaluation and discuss their importance in
determining equitable compensation structures within organizations.
36. Describe the relationship between job design and employee job satisfaction. How can job
redesign improve productivity and reduce turnover?
Unit 10: Talent Acquisition and Development
37. Discuss the recruitment process and explain the different methods used for attracting
suitable candidates for job openings in an organization.
38. Explain the selection process in HRM. Discuss the different selection techniques and
tests used to choose the best candidates for a job.
39. Discuss the importance of talent management in organizations. How does effective talent
management contribute to organizational growth and employee retention?
40. Analyze the significance of employee training and development. How can organizations
assess training needs and implement effective training programs?
Unit 11: Performance Appraisal and Reward Management
41. Discuss the different methods of performance appraisal and evaluate their effectiveness
in assessing employee performance.
42. Explain the concept of reward management and discuss the various types of rewards used
to motivate employees in organizations.
43. Discuss the importance of performance appraisal in improving employee performance
and organizational productivity.
44. Explain the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. How can both be used to
motivate employees in an organization?
Unit 12: Employee Maintenance and Emerging Issues in HRM
45. Explain the concept of employee welfare and discuss the importance of employee welfare
programs in improving employee satisfaction and productivity.
46. Discuss the emerging issues in HRM, such as e-HRM, work-life balance, and employee
empowerment. How are these issues reshaping HR practices in organizations?
47. Analyze the role of HRM in managing employee health and safety. How can
organizations create a safe working environment for employees?
48. Discuss the challenges of HRM in managing a multicultural workforce. How can
organizations foster an inclusive work environment?
Long Answer Question-15 marks
Part I: Organizational Behavior
Unit 1: Introduction
1. Critically analyze the concept of Organizational Behavior and discuss how its application
helps in achieving organizational success. Discuss the role of OB in managing people and
resources effectively.
2. Examine the role of managers in addressing new challenges in Organizational Behavior,
such as workforce diversity, globalization, and technological advancements. Provide
solutions for overcoming these challenges.
3. Discuss the impact of basic assumptions of Organizational Behavior on the managerial
decision-making process. How do these assumptions influence employee behavior and
organizational culture?
Unit 2: Perception and Learning
4. Discuss the perceptual process in detail and explain how it can influence decision-making
and problem-solving in organizations. Provide examples of perceptual errors and their
impact on organizational behavior.
5. Evaluate the role of learning theories (classical conditioning, operant conditioning,
cognitive learning, and social learning) in employee behavior modification. How can
organizations apply these theories to enhance employee performance?
6. Critically assess the impact of attribution theory on workplace behavior. Discuss how
attribution errors can lead to misunderstandings and affect interpersonal relationships in
organizations.
Unit 3: Personality
7. Examine the Big Five personality traits and explain how they influence employee
performance, job satisfaction, and team dynamics in an organizational setting.
8. Discuss the significance of emotional intelligence in leadership. How can managers
develop emotional intelligence to improve team performance and employee engagement
in organizations?
9. Analyze how understanding personality can help in managing diverse teams. Discuss the
implications of personality assessments in the recruitment and selection process.
Unit 4: Job Satisfaction
10. Examine the factors that contribute to job satisfaction and discuss how job satisfaction
influences employee motivation, productivity, and retention. Provide practical strategies
to enhance job satisfaction in an organization.
11. Discuss the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. How
can organizations measure job satisfaction, and what role does it play in reducing
turnover rates?
12. Critically analyze Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of motivation and its relevance in
improving job satisfaction and motivation in the workplace.
Unit 5: Groups and Teams in Organizations
13. Discuss the stages of group formation according to Tuckman’s model and explain how
managers can effectively guide teams through each stage to improve team performance
and collaboration.
14. Examine the differences between groups and teams in organizations. Discuss how
effective teamwork contributes to organizational success and the factors that hinder team
performance.
15. Analyze the challenges faced by managers in leading diverse teams. Provide strategies
for overcoming barriers to effective team collaboration, such as cultural differences and
communication issues.
Unit 6: Organizational Conflict and Stress
16. Evaluate the causes of conflict in organizations and discuss various conflict resolution
strategies. How can managers ensure that conflict is addressed constructively to benefit
the organization?
17. Critically examine the role of stress in organizations. Discuss the sources and
consequences of stress and provide recommendations for managing stress to improve
employee well-being and organizational productivity.
18. Analyze the relationship between functional and dysfunctional conflict. Discuss how
managers can turn dysfunctional conflict into functional conflict to enhance team
collaboration and organizational performance.
Unit 7: Organizational Change and Development
19. Discuss the forces that drive organizational change. Explain Lewin’s three-step model of
change and analyze its effectiveness in guiding organizations through successful change
initiatives.
20. Critically assess the challenges organizations face during periods of change. Provide
practical strategies for overcoming resistance to change and ensuring a smooth transition.
21. Explain the concept of Organizational Development (OD) and its significance in
improving organizational effectiveness. Discuss various OD interventions and their
impact on employee performance and organizational culture.
Part II: Human Resource Management
Unit 8: Introduction
22. Discuss the strategic role of Human Resource Management (HRM) in organizations.
How does HRM contribute to organizational success through effective management of
human capital?
23. Critically evaluate the challenges HRM faces in the globalized business environment.
Discuss how HRM practices must adapt to address issues like workforce diversity,
technology, and cultural differences.
24. Explain the relationship between HRM and organizational strategy. How can HRM
support an organization’s strategic goals and contribute to overall business success?
Unit 9: Job Design and Analysis
25. Discuss the importance of job design in enhancing employee motivation, satisfaction, and
performance. Explain how job design theories can be applied to improve organizational
outcomes.
26. Analyze the process of job analysis and its importance in developing accurate job
descriptions, specifications, and performance appraisals. How does job analysis support
recruitment and selection?
27. Critically compare the different methods of job evaluation and explain how organizations
can determine fair and equitable compensation structures using these methods.
Unit 10: Talent Acquisition and Development
28. Discuss the recruitment process in HRM. Explain the various methods of recruitment
(internal vs. external) and analyze which method is more effective for different types of
jobs and organizational contexts.
29. Evaluate the selection process in HRM. Discuss the different selection techniques (e.g.,
interviews, tests, background checks) and their effectiveness in choosing the best
candidates for a job.
30. Analyze the importance of employee development programs in HRM. Discuss how
organizations can assess training needs and develop programs to enhance employee skills
and organizational performance.
Unit 11: Performance Appraisal and Reward Management
31. Discuss the various methods of performance appraisal. Evaluate their strengths and
weaknesses, and explain which methods are best suited for different organizational
settings.
32. Explain the concept of reward management and its significance in motivating employees.
How can organizations align their reward systems with performance management to
enhance employee satisfaction?
33. Analyze the relationship between performance appraisal and employee development.
How can organizations use performance appraisals to identify training needs and create
development plans?
Unit 12: Employee Maintenance and Emerging Issues in HRM
34. Explain the concept of employee welfare and its importance in promoting employee
satisfaction and well-being. Discuss how employee welfare programs contribute to a
positive organizational culture.
35. Discuss the emerging issues in HRM, such as the use of e-HRM, work-life balance, and
remote work. Analyze how these issues are transforming traditional HR practices and
their impact on employee engagement.
36. Critically examine the role of HRM in managing a multicultural workforce. Discuss how
HRM can promote diversity and inclusion within an organization and the benefits of a
diverse workforce.
