REDOX REACTIONS
I
Quidation Reduction
① Gain Loss
.
of
orygen
.
onygen
- of -
Oxidali on
-
--
c co 2 CuO ( 10
+
a - +
H2 + +
Lexidation↑ reduction ↑
↓
② Loss
of hydrogen
-
Gain of hydron .
NHz >
-
N2 +
H2 N2 ↓ 12 -
>
NH3
-
&
La
Oxidation reduction
On the basis
-
of electrons :
-
Oxidation Reduction
S
- -
① Loss e-
Gain 2 -
of =
I
of =
-
↓ 2-
0
-
Na-le 0 2
-
>
Na + -
2t
F-
Mg-2e Mg F le
-
+
-
> -
② Inc .
in Oxidation Dec . in Oxidation
no no -
02-
+2
-
le
Mg
+
0
-
+ -
Mg
-
le ->
Alt
-
Alt +
-
I 2e -
02 - 1-
-
0
Didising Agent
The substance which oudises and the
substance but reduced .
itself gets
~
Reducing Agent
A substance which reduces another
but oridised.
substance
itself gets
~
Redox Reaction
- -
A reaction in which ovidation
reduction
and
simultaneously
occurs
is called a redon reaction
g
-
reduction
u
+ Ecu + co
2
Loxidation↑-
& Identify oridation
-
, reduction ,
oridising agent and reducing agent :
--
reduction
A↓
DE
2n + 10
LoxidationT
Oxidation
O A
I
-
E203 + Ep
-
>
- Fe + 202
R A -
14
reduction
-
-
reduction
-
+2 -
I +2 -
1 1
+
-
1 + y -
1
③
HgWe Such HgzCa Sucey
+ +
W
↑
~
O A Ralidation -
Number/State
Oxidation
-
The real virtual the atome
charge on
or
in a
compound is called its Oxidation
number/oxidation state
.
Compounds
Covalent
Sonic
a
soun +4
20
-
2
I His I
Virtual
valenerge
Aro ,U -
3
NU3
+1
charge
-Calculate the oridation no .
Of
the
x
following :
-
2
1 :
H2O 2x
+
( -
2) = 0
1
>
x = +
3( + 1) 0
.
2
Hy
=
x +
n = -
2
+ 1x
-
.
3 kn0u + 1 + x + 4( 2)-
= 0
x = + 7
4 .
K0 , 2 ( + 1) + 2n + 1( 2) = 0
x = + 6
5 - suphite n + 3( -
2) = -
ion x
-
6 = -
2
#+ y
H Oy
=
-
6
. 2 (+ ) +x +
y ( 2) = 0
mat
-
+ 6
T
HS-Hydrogen Culphide-Rotten egg
gas
= -2
crown
1
Rules for reculating
O.N
I
-
I
&
So
① The elements in their
native/mental
State have O .
N zero .
- -
42 ,
O ,
03 ,
N2 ,
So ,
Pr ,
Fr ,
U2 ,
Bra , In
Na
,
K
,
Al
,
In
,
In
, Ag , Mg ,
Ca
,
An
He Ne Ar Ko X2 Ro C etc
, , , , , ,
② O .
N
of Hydrogen-
>
-
It has + 1 0 .
3 When it is combined
-
with non-metals
,i Fo Wits
+ 1 1 I + 1
1 +1
I
- -
↓ -
H u H Br HI , , chy
, , ,
+
IS
ion
Hydride
>
- I has 0 .
S when it is combined
-
with metals -
+2 +2 +3
+1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - I
Nat
Cate ,
MgHy ,
Acts
Electronegativity Br >
-
F(0 > N >U > [
- z
Or de
call
for
③ O .
N
of Oxygen
120
-2
0 Oxide :On
02 peroxide ion H2O2
KO2
On superoxide ion NaO2 ,
Positive O N
of Oxygen
.
+2
OF -
Oxygen difluoride
OzF2-Dioxygen difenoride
(salt forming (
& O .
N
of Malogen -17
F
C
Br
(fluorine always carries -
I I
charge)
Halogens show
-
I 0 .
S with less en
- -
elements &
1 +1 1 +2 1
1 1
-
1
-
+
-
-
+
HC
.
Nace ,
KBr
,
CaI2
S with en
Halogens. show
more
elements + 1 ↑ I -
I
-
2
OU2 , In
the atoms
⑤ The N
of
O
.
all
sum
of the
in a molecule or ion is equal to
net
- charge of
that molewer/ion
0
H2SOy -
2( + 1) + 6 + y( -
2) =
fr
net
charge
50y - + 6 + 4) -
2) = -
2
met
charge
