Trigonometric Equation

TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATION
1. TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATION :
An equation involving one or more trigonometrical ratios of unknown angles is called a trigonometrical
equation.

2. SOLUTION OF TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATION :

A value of the unknown angle which satisfies the given equation is called a solution of the trigonometric
equation.
(a) Principal solution:- The solution of the trigonometric equation lying in the interval [O, 2n).
(b) G eneral solution :- Since all the trigonometric functions are many one & periodic, hence there
are infinite values of 0 for which trigonometric functions have the same value. All such possible
values of 0 for which the given trigonometric function is satisfied is given by a general fonnula.
Such a general fonnula is called general solution of trigonometric equation.
(c) Particular solution:- The solution of the trigonometric equation lying in the given interval.

3. G E N ERAL SOLUTIONS OF SOME TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS (TO BE

REMEMBERED):
(a) If sin 0 = 0, then 0 = nn, n EI(set of integers)
7t
(b) If cos 0 =0, then 0 =(2n+1)
2, n EI
(c) If tan 0 =0, then 0 = nn, n EI
-n
(d) If sin 0 = sin a, then 0 = nn + (-l)"a where a E[ ,;], n EI
2
(e) If cos 0 = cos a, then 0 = 2nn ± a, n EI, a E [O,n]
-n
(f) If tan 0 = tan a, then 0 = nn + a, n EI, a E( , ; j
2
7t 7t
If sin 0 =1, then 0 = 2nn + =(4n + 1) , n EI
(g)
2 2
(h) If cos 0 = 1 then 0 = 2nn, n EI
(i) If sin2 0 = sin2 a or cos2 0 = cos2 a or tan2 0 = tan2 a, then 0 = nn ± a, n EI
(j) For n E I, sin nn =0 and cos nn = (-1 ) , n EI
11

sin (nn + 0) = (-1) 11 sin 0 cos (nn + 0) = (-1) 11 cos 0

(k) cos117t = (-1)0 , 11 EI
nn - nn
If111 . s an odd mteger,
. t1en
l sin-=(-1) 2 ' cos-=0'
11-1

2 2
(
nn )
-
n-1
sin + 0 =(-1) 2 cos 0
2
n7t n+l

cos ( + 0) =( -1) 2 sin 0

2
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. . tan 3x - tan 2x
Illustration 1: Fmd the set of values of x for wluch ------ 1.
1 + tan 3x. tan 2x
tan 3x - tan 2x
Solution: We have, -----� = 1 ⇒ tan(3x - 2x) = 1 ⇒ tan x = 1
1 + tan 3x. tan 2x
7t 7t
⇒ tan x=tan
4 ⇒ x=mt+
4 ,nel {using tan0 = tana <=> 0 = nn + a)

But for this value of x, tan 2x is not defined.

Hence the solution set for x is <p. Ans.

DPP - 1 :
1. Find general solutions of the following equations :

(a) . 0
Sln 1
=- (b) (c)
2

3
(d) cos2 20 = 1 (e) ✓ sec 20 =2 (f) cosec ( % ) = -1

2. cos 15 x=sin 5x if

31t nrc
(C) X = +5, 11 EI
20
3. tan (pn/4) = cot (qn/4) if:
(A) p + q = 0 (B) p + q = 2n + 1
(C) p + q = 2n (D) p + q = 2 (2n + 1)
2
4. Solve tan20 =tan
8.
5. What are the most general values 0 of which satisfy the equations

. 0 =-
1 tan(x -1) =✓3
(i) S111
✓2, (ii) (iii) tan0 = -1

2
(iv) cosec0 = 3 (v)
2
2cot 0 =cosec 0
2
✓
6. Solve :
(i) sin90 =sin0 (ii) cot0 + tan0 =2cosec0 (iii) sin20 =cos30

(iv) cote= tan80 (v) cot0 - tan0 = 2 (vi) cosec0 = cot0 + .Jj
3
(vii) tan20 tan0 = 1 (viii) tan0 + tan20 + ✓ tan0 tan20 = .Jj

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4. IMPORTANT POINTS TO BE REMEMBERED WHILE SOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC

EQUATIONS:
(a) For equations of the type sin 0 = k or cos 0 = k, one must check that I k I -::; 1.
(b) Avoid squaring the equations, ifpossible, because it may lead to extraneous solutions. Reject extra
solutions ifthey do not satisfy the given equation.
(c) Do not cancel the common variable factor from the two sides ofthe equations which are in a product
because we may loose some solutions.
(d) The answer should not contain such values of 0, which make any of the tenns undefined or
infinite.
(i) Check that denominator is not zero at any stage while solving equations.
1t
(ii) If tan 0 or sec 0 is involved in the equations, 0 should not be odd multiple of .
2
(iii) Ifcot 0 or cosec 0 is involved in the equation, 0 should not be multiple of 1t or 0.

5. DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR SOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS:

(a) Solving trigonometric equations by factorisation.

e.g. (2 sin x-cos x) (1 + cos x)= si1ix
(2 sin x -cos x) (1 + cos x) -(1 -cos2x) = 0
(1 + cos x) (2 sin x - cos x - 1 + cos x) = 0
(1 + cos x) (2 sin x - 1) = 0
. 1
⇒ cos x=-1 or smx= -
2
⇒ COSX = - 1 = COS7t ⇒ x = 2nn + 1t = (2n + 1)n, n E I
1
6, k E I
. . 7t 7t
or SlnX = - = Sln - ⇒ x = kn + (-1 )k
2 6
1
Illustration 2: If
6 sin0, cos0 and tan0 are in G.P. then the general solution for 0 is-
7t 7t 7t
(A) 2nn±- (B) 2nn±- (C) nn±- (D) none of these
3 6 3

Since,
Solution:
6 sin 0, cos 0, tan 0 are in G.P.
⇒ cos2 0 = .!_ sin 0 . tan 0 ⇒ 6cos3 0 + cos2 0 - 1 = 0

(2cos 0- 1) (3 cos 2 0 + 2 cos 0 + 1)= 0

1
⇒ cos 0 = - (other values ofcos 0 are imaginary)
2

3, 11 E l.
7t 1t
⇒ cos 0= cos 3 ⇒ 0 = 2111t ± Ans. (A)

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(b) Solving of trigonometric equation by reducing it to a quadratic equation.

e.g. 6 - lOcosx=3sin2x
6 - lOcosx = 3 - 3cos2x ⇒ 3cos2x- lOcosx + 3 = 0

1
⇒ (3cosx- l) (cosx- 3) = 0 ⇒ cosx = - or cosx = 3
3

Since cosx= 3 is not possible as - 1 ::; cosx :s; 1

cosx=½ = cos( cos- 1 ½) ⇒ x= 2nn ± cos- 1 ( ½) , n E I

Illustration 3 : Solve sii/0 -cos0 = _!_ for 0 and write the values of 0 in the interval O::; 0::; 2n.
4
Solution : The given equation can be written as

1
1 -cos20 -cos0 = - ⇒ cos20 + cos0 -3/4 = 0
4
⇒ 4cos20 + 4cos0 - 3= 0 ⇒ (2cos0 - 1)(2cos0 + 3)= 0

Since, cos0 = -3/2 is not possible as -1 :s; cos0 ::; 1

1 1t 7t
cos 0=- ⇒ cos 0=cos- ⇒ 0= 2111t ± - 11 E I
2 3 3'
For the given interval, n = 0 and n = 1.

⇒ Ans.

Illustration 4: Find the number of solutions of tanx+ secx=2cosxin [O, 2n].

Solution: Here, tanx + secx= 2cosx ⇒ sinx + 1 = 2 cos2x

1
⇒ 2si1/x+ sinx-1= 0 ⇒ sinx= - - 1
2'

3n
But sinx= -1 ⇒x=
2 for which tanx+ secx= 2 cosx is not defined.
1 1t Sn
Thus sinx= ⇒x=
2 6, 6
⇒ number of solutions of tanx + secx=2cos xis 2. Ans.

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DPP - 2 :
1. Solve the following equations:
(a) 3sinx+2cos2x =0 (b) sec22a = 1 - tan2a
(c) 7cos28+3sin28 = 4 (d) 4cos8-3sec8 = tan8
2. Solve the equation: 2sin28+sin228 =2 for 0 E (-n, re).

X
3. Solve cos 3x+cos2x-4cos2
2 =0
4. Solve cot28+ 3cosec8+ 3 = 0

1 -smx+
. ..... +(-l)n-1 sm
• n-1
x+...oo 1 -cos 2x
5. TI1e general solution of the equation, = 1s
l+sinx+.... +sin"- x+ ...oo
1
l+cos 2x
(A) (-1)" n/3 + n n (B) (-1)'1 n/6 + n n
(C) (-1)0 + 1 n/6 + n n (D) (-1)'1- 1 n/3 + n n

6. If sum of all solutions of the equation 6 sin� = sec� in [-2 n, 4 n] is kn, thenk is equal to
2 2
7. If sum of all possible values of x E(0, 2n ) satisfying the equation

kn
2 cosx · cosecx-4 cos x-cosec x =-2, is
4 , then k is equal to
(A) 9 (B) 12 (C) 16 (D) 32
8. Solve

(i) tan28-(1 + ✓3 )tan8+ ✓3 =0

(ii) 4 cose - 3 sece = 2 tan8

n
(iii) tanx.tan(x + ;) .tan(x + \ )= ✓3

(c) Solving trigonometric equations by introducing an auxilliary argument.

Consider, a sin 8+b cos e = c .............. (i)
a . e b e C
---;::::==Sll1 +--;::::==COS =------,cc==
2 2 2 2 2
.Ja + b .Ja + b ,Ja + b 2

equation(i)has a solution only if lei� ,Ja2 + b 2

a ,1,. b . ,1,. b
--=== = sm 'I' & q> = tan- 1 -
let
✓
--=== = cos 'I'
2
a +b 2
,
✓ 2
a +b 2
a
by introducing this auxiliary argument q>, equation (i) reduces to

Now this equation can be solved easily.

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Illustration 8: Find the number of distinct solutions of secx+tanx = J3 , where O � x � 3n.

Solution: Here, sec x + tanx = ✓3 ⇒ 1+ sinx = ✓3 cosx
or ✓3 cosx -sinx = 1
dividing both sides by a 2 + b 2 i.e. ✓ ✓4 = 2, we get
✓3 1 . 1
⇒ - cosx - - smx = -
2 2 2

⇒
1t . 1t .
COS-COSX - S111 -S111 X =
1
- ⇒ COS (X + - = -
7t) 1
6 6 2 6 2

7t
-�x+-�31t+-
7t 7t
6 6 6 '37!+7!/6
------••. 57!/3
\
31t 131t
1t
⇒ ⇒ X=-,-,--
6 2 6
31t
But at x =
2 , tanx and secx is not defined.
Total number of solutions are 2. Ans.
Illustration 9 : Prove that the equation kcosx- 3sinx =k + 1 possess a solution iff k E (--oo, 4].
Solution: Here, k cosx - 3sinx = k + 1, could be re-written as :

k 3 . k+l
✓k ✓k ✓k
�==COSX-�==S111X=�==
2 2 2
+9 +9 +9

k+l 3
or cos(x+�) = ,.--:;--;:: , where tan�=-
2 k
vk + 9

. . . k+l
wluch possess a solution only 1f -1 � ,.--:;--;:: � 1
vk- +9

i.e.,

i.e., (k+1) 2 �k 2 +9

i.e., k2 + 2k + 1 �k2 + 9
or
⇒ The interval ofk for which the equation (kcosx-3sinx =k + 1) has a solution is (--oo, 4).
Ans.
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DPP - 3 :
1 Solve the following equations :

(a) sinx+ ✓2 =cosx (b) cosec8 = 1 + cot8

2. Solve : cos 8+ sin 8 =cos 2 8+ sin 2 8

. ✓3 1
3. So 1ve : 8 sm x = -- + --
.
cos x sinx

4. Solve
2
(i) ✓3 sin8-cos8 = ✓ (ii) 5 sin8+ 2 cos8 =5

(d) Solving trigonometric equations by transforming sum of trigonometric functions into

product.
e.g. cos 3x+ sin 2x - sin 4x = 0
cos 3x-2 sin x cos 3x =0
⇒ (cos3x) (1-2sinx) =0

1
⇒ cos3x = 0 or sinx = -
2

⇒ cos3x = 0 = cos- or
7t . 1 . 7t
S111X = - = Slll -
2 2 6

7t 7t
⇒ 3x =2nn -
+- or x =nm+ (-l)m -
2 6

2111t 7t
6; (n, m E I)
7t
⇒ X = ± or x =nm+ (-l)m
3 6

Illustration 10: Solve: cos8+ cos38+ cos58+ cos78 =0

Solution: We have cos8 + cos78 + cos38 + cos58 = 0
⇒ 2cos48cos38 + 2cos48cos8 = 0 ⇒ cos48(cos38 + cos8) = 0
⇒ cos48(2cos28cos8) = 0
⇒ Either cos8 =0 ⇒ 8 =(2n 1 + 1) n/2, 11 1 EI

7t
or cos28 = 0 ⇒ 8 = (2n-?+ 1)-, 11_ E I
4 ~2

8,
7t
or cos48 =0 ⇒ 8 =(2n3+ 1) n3 E I Ans.

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Illustration 12 : 111e general solution of the trigonometric equation sin x cos 2x + sin 2x cos 5x=sin 3x cos 5x, is
117t 2nn nn 2nn
(A)- (B )- (C) 2nn (D)-u-
3 9 3 9
(where n e I)
Solution: 2 sin x cos 2x + 2 sin 2x cos 5x = 2 sin 3x cos 5x
sin 3x-sin x + sin 7x-sin 3x = sin 8x-sin 2x
sin 7x-sin x =sin 8x-sin 2x
2 cos 4x sin 3x = 2 cos 5x sin 3x
2 sin 3x [cos 5x-cos 4x] = 0
117t
sin 3x=0 ⇒ x=-
3
if cos 5x -cos 4x = 0
9x X
2 sin- sin - = 0
2 2
2nn
x= -- or 2nn
9
nn 2nn
Hence general solution is u -- , n e I
3 9
DPP - 4 :
1. Solve: 4sin0 sin20 sin40=sin30.
2. Solve for x: sinx + sin3x + sin5x = 0.
3. Solve: sin2x + 5sinx + 1 + 5cosx = 0
4. Solve: 3cosx + 3sinx + sin3x-cos3x = 0
5. Solve: (1- sin2x) (cosx-sinx)=1-2sin 2 x.
6. 111e number of integral values of a for which the equation cos 2x + a sin x=2a-7
possesses a solution is
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
7. Solve
(i) cos0 + sin0 = cos20 + sin 20
2 2 2
(ii) cos x + cos 2 x + cos 3 x= 1
2
(iii) sii/n0-sin cn-1)0=si1/0, where n is constant and n -:t- 0, 1

(f) Solving equations by a change of variable :

(i) Equations of the fonn P (sin x ± cos x, sin x. cos x) = 0, where P (y,z) is a polynomial, can be
solved by the substitution:
cos x ± sin x = t ⇒ 1 ± 2 sin x. cos x = t 2 .
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l+sin2x
· 15 : So1ve tl1e equation
Illustratwn · + cosx)
· ( smx = 2, wl1en 0 :-,; x :-,; n .

Solution: We know, -.Ja 2 + b2 :s; a sin0+ b cos0 :s; .Ja 2 + b 2 and -1 :s; sin0 :s; 1 .

(sit1X + cosx) admits the maximum value as .Jz

and (1 + sit12x) admits the maxitnum value as 2.

Also (
✓2 2
) = 2.
the equation could hold only when, sinx + cosx= .Jz and 1 + sin 2x= 2

Now, sinx + cos x = ✓2 ⇒

⇒ x = 2nn + n/4, n E I ...... (i)

7t
and 1 + sin 2x = 2 ⇒ sin2x= 1 =sin -
2
7t m7t + -l lll 7t
2x = mn + (-1 y n 2 , m - ..
( ) 4 ...... (11)
⇒ EI ⇒
X- 2

7t
The value of x in [0, n] satisfyit1g equations(i) and (ii) is x=
4 (when n=0 &m=0)
Ans.
Note : sin x + cos x =-✓2 and 1 + sin 2x = 2 also satisfies but as x 2'. 0, this solution is
not it1 domain.

Illustration 16: Solve for x and y : 2 cos' x .Jy 2 -y+ 1 / 2 :s; 1

Solution: 2 cos'x.Jy 2 -y+l/ 2 :s;l ....... (i)

Minit1mm value of 2 cos' X=2

2 2
( 1 ) +( 1 ) 1
Mitmnum value of y - =
2 2 2
⇒ Minitnum value of 2 c0;'x .Jy2 -y + ½ is 1

⇒ (i) is possible when 2 c0;'x (y-½J + (�J =1

⇒ cos2 x = 1 and y =1/2 ⇒ cosx = ±1 ⇒ x = nn , where n EI.

Hence x = nn, n EI and y = 1/2. Ans.

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Illustration 17: The number of solution(s) of2cos2 (�) sitix = x2+�, O:S:x :S:rc/2, is/are-
2 x-
(A)O (B) 1 (C) infinite (D) none of these

1 1
Solution: Let y = 2cos2(-
X
) sm
. 2
x = x2+ -? ⇒ y = (1 + cosx)sin x and y = x + -
2 2
2
2 x- X

when y = ( 1 + cosx)sitix = (a number<2)( a number :S: 1) ⇒ y<2 ......... (i)

2
and when y = x + = ( x - - ) + 2:2:2 ⇒ y:2:2 .......... (ii)
2 1 1
-?
X- X

No value ofy can be obtained satisfying (i) and (ii), simultaneously

⇒ No real solution ofthe equation exists. Ans. (A)

Note:If L.H.S. ofthe given trigonometric equation is always less than or equal tok and RHS is always
greater thank, then no solution exists. If both the sides are equal tok for same value of 0, then
solution exists and ifthey are equal for different values of0, then solution does not exist.

IllustraJion 18: The number ofordered pairs (x, y) satisfying Ix I+ I y I= 3 and sin ( n;' J = I is less than

or equal to
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 10

Solution

- x = 2nrc + - · n I
7t 2 7t
E
3 2'

= (4n + 1) -
7t 2 7t
-X
3 2

3
x2 =
2 (411 + 1); 11 EI
only n = 0 and n = 1 is possible.

3 15
x2 = - or x2 = -
2 2

:. x=±� or x=±N.

for each value of x will get 2 values of y, Hence 8 ordered pairs.

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DPP - 5 :
1. If x2 - 4x + 5 - siny = 0, y E [O, 2rc) , then -
(A) x = 1, y = 0 (B) x = 1, y = rc/2 (C) X = 2, y = 0 (D) x = 2, y = rc/2

2. ✓
If sinx + cosx � y+ � . y> O. x E [0, nJ. tl1en find die least positive value of x satisfying the given

condition.
3. Solve sin3x + cos2x = - 2

4. Solve ✓3sin 5x-cos 2 x- 3 = 1- sinx

5. The number of real solutions of the equation sin(ex) = S X + 5-x is -
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinitely many
6. If sin3 a + cos3� + 6 sin a· cos�= 8, where a,� E [O, 2rc] then number of ordered pairs
( a,�) is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

6. TRIGONOMETRIC INEQUALITIES :

There is no general rule to solve trigonometric inequations and the same rules of algebra are valid provided
the domain and range of trigonometric functions should be kept in mind.

Illustration 19: Find the solution set of inequality sin x > 1/2.

Solution: When sinx = _!__ , the two values of x between O and 2rc are rc/6 and 5rc/6.
2
From the graph of y = sin x, it is obvious that between O and 2rc,

sinx >
2 for rc/6 < x < 5rc/6
Hence, sin x > 1/2
⇒ 2nrc + rc/6 < x < 2nrc + 5rc/6, n E I
y

. . . rc 5rc
11ms, the reqmred solution set1s u ( 2nrc+-,2nrc+-) Ans.
ne1 6 6
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Illustration 20: Find the values of a, lying between O and 7t for which the inequality: tan a,> tan 3 a,

is valid.

Solution: We have: tan u-tan 3 a> 0 ⇒ tanu (1-tan 2u) > 0

+
⇒ (tanu)(tanu + l )(tanu - 1) < 0 -1 0 1

So tanu < -1, 0 < tanu < 1

3
Given inequality holds for a e (0, :) u (;, :) Ans.

DPP - 6 :

1. Find the solution set of the inequality : cosx::::: -1/2.

2. Find the values of x in the interval [O, 2n] for which 4sin2x -8sinx + 3 :S 0.
2
3. Solve tan x :S 1

4. Solve 2si1lx -sinx -1 > 0

5. Solve ✓✓3 cot0 < 1

Miscellaneous Illustration:

Illustration 21 : Solve the following equation: tan20+ sec20+ 3 = 2 (✓2 sec0+ tan 0)

Solution: We have tan 2 0+sec 2 0+3 = 2✓2 sec0+2 tan 0

⇒ tan 2 0-2tan0+sec2 0-2✓2 sec0+3 =0

2
⇒ tan2 0+1 -2 tan0+sec2 0-2 ✓ sec0+2 = 0

⇒ ? r,:::
(tan 0-lt +(sec0-v2t = 0
?
⇒ tan0 =1 and sec0= ✓2

As the periodicity of tan0and sec0are not same, we get

7t
0 = 2nn +-, n e I Ans.
4

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Illustration 22: Find the solution set ofequation 5( 1 + log5 cosx) = 5/2.

Solution: Taking log to base 5 on both sides in given equation

⇒ log 5 cos x = -log5 2 ⇒ cos x = 1/2 ⇒ x = 2nn ± n/3, n e I

Ans.

an bn
Illustration 23 : If the set ofall values ofx in (- , ) satisfying 14sin x+ ✓2 I <✓6 is ( , ) then find
2 2 24 24
n n

a-b
the value of - - .
l 3 l

Solution: I 4sin x+ ✓2 I <✓6

⇒ -✓6 <4sin x+ ✓2 <✓6 ⇒ -✓6 - ✓2 <4sin x <✓6 - ✓2

-(✓6+ ✓2) . ✓6- ✓2

⇒ ----- <Sll1 X <--- ⇒
4 4

an
Comparing with - <x <- we get ' a= -10' b = 2
24 24'
bn

Illustration 24: The number of values of x in the in terval [O, 5n] satisfying the equation
3 si1ix- 7 sinx +2 = 0 is -
(D) 10
3sin x - 7 sinx + 2 = 0
(A) 0 (B) 5 (C) 6
Solution:
⇒ (3sinx- 1)(sinx- 2) =0
2

sinx=t- 2
. 1 .
⇒ sm x = - = sm a (say)
sina=l/3

where a is the least positive value of x

3
4rr

such that sin a = _!__.

3

Clearly O <a < n . We get the solution,

x = a, n - a, 2n + a, 3n - a, 4n + a and 5n - a.
2

Hence total six values in [O, 5n] Ans. (C)

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Exercise - 1
Straight Objective Type

1. If 2 tan2 0 = sec2 0, then the general solution of 0 -

7t 7t 7t 7t
(C) nn ±
(A) nn +
4 (n e I) (B) nn -
4
(11 E I)
4 (n e I) (D) 2nn ±
4 (n e I)

l-cos 28
2. If = 3, then the general solution of 0 is-
1 +cos 20

(A) 2nn ± n/6 (B) nn ± n/6 (C) 2nn ± n/3 (D) nn ± n/3
where n e I

3. The general value of 0 satisfying sin2 0 + sin 0 = 2 is -

7t 7t
(A) nn + (-1) 11
6 ; 11 E z (B) 2nn +
4
;n E Z

7t
(C) nn + (-1)11
2 ; 11 E z

4. Let A = { 0 : sin (0) = tan (0)} and B = { 0 : cos (0) = 1} be two sets. Then -
(A) A=B (B) Ac Band B -A -:t- <p
(C) A ct B (D) B ct A

5. The solution set of (5 + 4 cos 0) (2 cos 0 + 1) = 0 in the interval [O,2n] is:

7t 21t 27t 4
(A) {3'3} (C) {3'31t}

6. The general solution of equation 4 cos2 x + 6 sin2 x = 5 is -

7t 7t
(A) x = nn ± 2 (n E I) (B) x = nn ±
4 (n EI)
3n
(C) x = nn ± (n e I) (D) None of these
2

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7. If tan2 8 -(1 + ✓3 ) tan8 + ✓3 = 0, then the general value of 8 is :

7t 7t 7t 7t 7t 7t 7t 7t
(A) nn+-,nn+- (B) nn--,nn+- (C) nn+-,nn-- (D) nn--,nn--
4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3
where n EI

8. The general solution of the equation tan2 a+2 ✓3 tan a= 1 is given by -

Il7t 7t
(A ) a= - (nEI) (B) a= (2n+ 1) (nEI)
2 2

117t
(C) a=(6n+l) (nEI) (D) a= l2 (nEI)
12

9. The number of solutions of the equation sin 2x -2cosx+ 4 sinx = 4 in the interval [O, 5n] is -
(A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 5

2
10. The set of angles between O and 2n satisfying the equation 4 cos2 8 -2 ✓ cos 8 -1 = 0 is

1t Sn l9n 231t 1t 71t 171t 231t

(A) { } (B) { }
12 '12'12'12 12 ' 12'12'12

Sn l3n 19n n 7n 19n 23n

(C) { } (D) { }
12'12'12 12 '12'12'12

11. If tan8+ tan48 + tan78 = tan8 tan48 tan78, then8 =

117t 117t
(A)- (B)-
4 7

117t
(C) ii' 11-:/:- (12111-6), 11,111 EI (D) nn

where n EI

tan 28 + tan 8
12. If ----- = O , then the general value of 8 1s -
1-tan 8 tan 28

117t 117t 117t

(A) 117t ; 11 E l (B)
3 ;n EI (C)-
4
(D)
6; 11 EI
where 11 EI

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] , tl1en tl1e greatest pos1t1

Sn Sn . 4 x = cos-? 3x 1s
. -
21. If x E [ . . ve so1ution
. of 1 + sm
- 2,2
Sn
(A) n (B) 21t (C)- (D)none of these
2

22. The number of solutions of the equation sinx = x2 + x + 1 is-

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) None

3x
23. Statement-I: If sin cos Sy =k8 -4k4 + 5, where x, y ER tl1en exactly four distinct real values ofk
2 3
are possible.
because

3x Sy
Statement-2: sin
2 and cos 3 both are less than or equal to one and greater than or equal to -1.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT ilie correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

24. The number of solutions of the equation 2cos (;) = 3x + 3-x is -

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) None

25. The equation 2cos2 (;) sin2 x = x2 + x- 2, 0 < x ::; ; has

(A)one real solutions (B) more than one real solutions

(C) no real solution (D) none of the above

26. If O � x � 31t, 0 � y � 31t and cos x. sin y =1, then the possible number of values of the ordered pair
(x, y) is -
(A) 6 (B)12 (C) 8 (D)15

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Exercise - 2
Multiple Correct Answer Type

1. The equation 2sin%. cos2x + sin2x = 2 sin%. sin2x + cos2x has a root for which

1 1
(A) sin2x = 1 (B) sin2x =-1 (C) cosx = (D) cos2x =-
2 2

2. sin2x - cos 2x = 2 - sin 2x if

(A) x = nTC/2, n E I (B) tan x = 3/2
(C) x = (2n + 1) TC!2, n EI (D) x = 11TC + (-1)" sin- 1 (2/3), n E I

3. 4 sin4x + cos4x = 1 if

(A) x = nTC (B) x = nTC ± � cos- 1 ( i)

nn
(C) x = (D) none of these, (n E I)
2

4. Which of the following set of values of x satisfies the equation

2
i(2sin x 3
- sinx+l) + i (2-2sin2 x+3sinx) = 9 is_

TC
(A) X = XTC, 11 E l (B) x = 2nTC +
2, n EI
TC TC
(C) x = nTC -
+ -, n EI (D) x = nTC -
+ - n EI
6 3,

5. 5 sin2 x + ✓3 sinx cosx + 6 cos2x = 5 if

(A) tan x = - 1/ ✓3 (B) sin x =0

(C) x = nTC + TC/2, n E I (D) x = nTC + TC!6, n E I

TC
6. If sum of all the solution of the equation cot x + cosec x + sec x = tan x in [O, 2TC] is k , then the value
2
of k is greater than
(A) 1 (B)2 (C) 3 (D)4

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7. The equation sin x+cos (k+x)+cos (k-x)= 2 has real solution(s), then sin kcan be

-3 1 1 3
(A)- (B) - (C) - (D) -
4 4 2 4

8. Which of the following equations have no solution ?

l sin ✓x l =
(A)2 lxl= sin x2 (B) 3 I cos x I (C)x2 = -cos x (D) 3x2 = 1 -2cos x

x 2 +5
9. If m > 0, n < 5, 0 < m+n < 10 and -- = x -2 cos (m+ nx)has atleast one real root, then
2

(A)the greatest value of (m+n)is 3n. (B)the greatest value of (m+n)is 2n.
(C)the least value of (m+n)is 7t. (D)the least value of (m+n)is 2n.

10. If x4+ 3cos (ax2+bx+c)= 2(x2 -2)has two solutions with a, b, c e (2, 5)then
(A)a + b + c = 7t (B)a - b + c = 7t (C) a + b + c = 3n (D)a - b + c = 3n

. . 6x+cos6x = a2 h as real so1utlon

. 1"f
11. Tl 1e equation sm

(A)a E (-1, 1)

12. If sin(x -y)= cos(x+y)= 1/2 then the values of x & y lying between O and 7t are given by:
(A)x = n/4, y = 3n/4 (B)x = n/4, y = n/12
(C)x = 5n/4, y = 5n/12 (D)x = 1 ln/12, y = 3n/4
13. sinx, sin2x, sin 3x are in A.P if
(A)x= nn/2, n EI (B)X = 117t, 11 E l (C)X = 2111t, 11 E I (D)x= (2n+l)n, n EI
14. cos4x cos8x -cos5x cos9x= 0 if
(A)cos 12x= cos 14 x (B)sin 1 3 x = 0
(C)si11x= 0 (D)cosx = 0
2
15. si11x -cos x - 1 assumes the least value for the set of values of x given by :
Ml n
(A)x= nn+ (-1) (n/6), 11 EI (B)x= nn+ (-1) (n/6), 11 EI
(C)x = nn+(-1/ (n/3), n EI (D)x= nn -(-1/ (n/6), n EI

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Exercise - 3
Linked Comprehension Type
Paragraph for Question 1 and 2
Let f (x) = cos x + sin x - 1 and g(x) = sin 2x -2.

1. Number of solutions of the equation f(x) = g(x) in x E [- n,

7
7t]
2
is equal to

(A)4 (B)5 (C) 6 (D) 8

2. If the equation f(x) = k has atleast one real solution then the number of possible integral values of k
is equal to
(A) 1 (B)2 (C) 3 (D)4

Paragraph for Question 3 to 5

Let f(x) = sin2 x - (a - 1) sinx + 2(a - 3)
On the basis of above information, answer the following questions
3. If x E [O, n] and f(x) = 0 has exactly one real root, then 'a' lies in
(A)(3, 5) (B)(2,4) (C)(4,5) (D) none of these

4. lf f(x) = 0 have two real roots in (0, n), then a E

(A)(l, 2) (B)(3,4) (C)(3, 4) u {5} (D)(3,5)

5. If f(x) � 0 V x E R then range of 'a' is

(A) [2,oo) (B)[4,oo) (C)(4,oo) (D) none of these

Paragraph for Questions 6 to 8

On the basis of the given polynomial equation
x4-(sin0 +cos0)x 3 + (sin0 cos0-l)x2 +(sin0 +cos0)x-sin0cos0 =0.
Answer the following
6. Sum of any 2 roots of the equation can never exceed -
(A) -1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
7. Product of the roots of the equation will always be more than -
(A) -1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
8. Number of real roots of the equation is/are -
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

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Exercise - 4
Numerical Grid Type
1. Ifsin nx+ cos nx = 0, then the sum ofall solutions in [0, 100] is

2. Ifa, p (a - p -:t- 2nn, n E I) are different values of0 satisfying the equation 5 cos0 - 1 2 sin0 = 11. If the

5k
value of sin (a+ P) =- , then the value ofkis
169

3n
3. If x E ( n,
2
2
) then 4 cos ( : - ; ) + ,J4 sin 4 x+ sin 2 2x is always equal to

4. The number ofintegral values ofA, for which equation 4cos x+ 3 sin x = 2A+ 1 has a solution is

5. If 2 cos x+ sin x = 1, then find the sum ofall possible values of7 cos x+ 6 sin x.

6.
2
If 2tan x - 5 secx - 1 = 0 has 7 different roots in [ 0, �7t ] ,
1
n E N, then find the greatest value ofn.

3 2
7. If the arithmetic mean of the roots of the equation 4cos x - 4cos x - cos( n+ x) - 1 = 0 in the interval
[0, 315] is equal to kn, then find the value ofk

8. In (0, 6n), find the number ofsolutions of the equation tan0+ tan 20+ tan 30 = tan0.tan20.tan 30

9. Find the number ofsolutions of the equation cos 6x+ tail x+ cos 6x. tail x = 1 in the interval [0, 2n].

10. Find the number of solutions of sin0+ 2sin 20+ 3sin30+ 4sin40 = 10 in (0, n ).

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JEE Main
1. Let A and B denote the statements
A : cos a + cos j3 + cos y = 0
B : sin a + sin 13 + sin y = 0

3
If cos (13 - y)+ cos(y - a)+ cos(a - 13) = -- , then - [AIEEE 2009]
2

(1) Both A and Bare true (2) Both A and Bare false
(3) A is true and Bis false (4) A is false and Bis true

2. The possible values of 0 E (0, n) such that sin (0)+ sin (40)+ sin(70) = 0 are: [AIEEE 2011]

2n 1t 4n 1t 3n 81t 1t 5n 1t 2n 3n 81t
(2)
(l) 9'4'9' 2 '4'9 4'12'2'3'4'9
2n 1t 1t 2n 3n 35n
(3) -,-,-,-,-,-
9 4 2 3 4 36

3. In a 11PQR, if 3 sinP + 4 cosQ = 6 and 4 sinQ + 3 cos P = 1, then the angle R is equal to :
[AIEEE-2012]
31t 51t 7t 7t
(1) - (2) - (3) - (4) -
4 6 6 4

4. If 0::; x < 2n, then the number of real values of x, which satisfy the equation
cosx + cos2x + cos3x + cos4x = 0, is :- [JEE(Main) 2016]
(1) 9 (2) 3 (3) 5 (4) 7

5. i
If sum of all the solutions of the equation 8 cos x · ( cos( + x} cos( i- )-¾)
x = 1 in [0, 1t] is kn,

then k is equal to : [JEE(Main) 2018]

13 8 20 2
(1) - (2) - (3) - (4) -
9 9 9 3

6. If 0::,::; x <�,then the number of values of x for which sin x-sin2x+sin3x = 0,is
2
[JEE(Main) 19]
(1) 2 (2) 1 (3) 3 (4) 4

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7. The sum of all values of 0 E ( O, �) satisfying sin2 20 + cos4 20 = ¾ is : [JEE(Main) 19]

n 3n Sn
(1) -
2
(2) 7t (3) -8
(4) -
4

8. Let S = { 0 E [-27t, 2n] : 2cos20+ 3sin0 = 0}. Then the sum of the elements of Sis
[JEE(Main) 19]

13n Sn
(1) -
6
(2) 7t (3) 21t (4) -
3

9. All the pairs (x, y) that satisfy the inequality 2✓sin2 x - 2sinx + 5 . _l _
2 � 1 also satisfy the eauation.
4,m y

[JEE(Main) 19]
(1) sin x= lsinyl (2) sin x = 2 sin y (3) 2jsinxj= 3siny (4) 2sin x= siny

5rr Srr .
The number of solutions of the equation 1 + sm x = cos 3x, x E - , ] 1s :
4 • [
10. [JEE(Main) 19]
2

2 2
(1) 5 ( 2) 4 (3) 7 (4 ) 3

11. Let Sbe the set of all a E R such that the equation, cos2x + asinx= 2a - 7 has a solution. Then Sis
equal to : [JEE(Main) 19]
(1) [2, 6] (2) [3,7] (3) R (4) [1,4]

12. If sin 4 a+4cos4 13 + 2 = 4.J2° sin acosl3; a, 13 E [ O, n] , then cos( a+ 13) - cos(a - 13) is equal to :

[JEE(Main) 2019]

(1) 0 (2) -✓2 (3) -1 (4) ✓2

13. The number of distinc t sol utions of the equation log 1 I sinx I= 2 -log 1 I cosx I in the interval
2
[O, 21t], is -- [JEE(Main) 20]

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14. All possible values of 0 E [O, 21t] for which sin 20 + tan 20 > 0 lie in : [JEE(Main) 2021]

(3) ( 1t) (1t 31t) (37t l11t)

0,- u -,- u -,-
4 2 4 2 6

15. The number of solutions of the equation cos(x +;)cos(; -x) = ! 2

cos 2x, x E [-37t, 31t] is :

(A) 8 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7

[JEE(Main) 2022]

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JEE Advanced
1. For x E (0, n), the equation sinx + 2sin2x - sin3x = 3 has [JEE(Advanced)-2014, 3(-1)]
(A) infinitely many solutions (B) three solutions

(C) one solution (D) no solution

2. 111e numberof distmct . 5

. of equat1on-cos-2x
. soIutlons +cos 4 x+sm
? . 4 x+cos 6 x+sm .
• tl1emterv
. 6 x=2 m al
4

[O, 2n] is [JEE 2015, 4M, -OM]

3. Let S = { x E (-n, n): x * 0, ±;}. The sum of all distinct solution of the equation

✓3 sec x + cosecx + 2(tan x -cot x) = 0 in the set S is equal to -

[JEE(Advanced)-2016, 3(-1)]

71t 2n Sn
(A) -- (B) -- (C) 0 (D) -
9 9 9

4. Let a, b, c be three non-zero real numbers such that the equation

✓3a cos x + 2b sin x=c, x E [-;,;]

n b
has two distinct real roots a and p with a + p = - . Then the value of - is ___
3 a

[JEE(Advanced)-2018, 3(0)]

Answer the following by appropriately matching the lists based on the information given in the
paragraph
Let f(x) = sin(7t cosx) and g(x) = cos(2nsinx) be two functions defined for x > 0. Define tl1e following sets
whose elements are written in the increasing order :

X={x: f(x) =0}, Y={x:f'(x)=0}

Z={x:g (x)=0}, W={x:g'(x)=0}.
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List-I contains the sets X,Y,Z and W. List -II contains some infonnation regarding these sets.
List-I List-II
n 3n
(I) X (P) :::, { -,-,4 n,7 n }
- 2 2
(II) y (Q) an aritlunetic progression
(III) z (R) NOT an arithmetic progression
n 7 n 13n
(IV) w (S) :::, { , ,
- 6 6 6
}

n 2n
(I) :::, { n}
- 3' 3'
n 3n
{ 6' }
(U) ;2
4
5. Which of the following is the only CORRECT combination ? [JEE(Advanced)-2019, 3(-1)]
(1) (II),(R),(S) (2 ) (I), (P), (R ) (3) (II),(Q), (T) (4 ) (I),(Q), (U)

6. Which of the following is tl1e only CORRECT combination ? [JEE(Advanced)-2019, 3(-1)]

(1) (IV),(Q),(T) (2 ) (IV) ,(P), (R),(S) (3) (III),(R),(U) (4 ) (Ill),(P),(Q), (U)

7. Let f : [O, 2] ➔ JR be the function defined by

f(x) = (3 - sin(2 nx) ) sin ( nx - : ) - sin ( 3nx + :) [JEE(Advanced)-2020]

If a,� E [O, 2] are such that {x E [O, 2] : f(x) � O} = [a,�], then the value of� - a is __

8. Consider tl1e following lists :

List-I List-II
2n 2n
(I) { x E [- , ] : cos x + sin x = 1} (P) has two elements
3 3

(II) { x E [- ;; ,;; l ✓3 tan 3x = 1} (Q) has tlu·ee elements

(III) { x e [-
6n 6n
5
,
5
l2 cos(2 x ) = ✓3 } (R) has four elements

7n 7n
(IV) { x E [- , ] : sin x - cos x = 1} (S) has five elements
4 4
(I) has six elements
The correct option is : [JEE(Advanced)-2022]
(A) (I) ➔ (P); (II) ➔ (S); (III) ➔ (P); (IV) ➔ (S)
(B) (I) ➔ (P); (II) ➔ (P); (Ill) ➔ (T); (IV) ➔ (R)
(C ) (I) ➔ (Q ); (II) ➔ (P); (III) ➔ (T); (IV) ➔ (S)
(D) (I) ➔ (Q); (II) ➔ (S); (III) ➔ (P); (IV) ➔ (R)
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ANSWER KEY
DPP - 1
7t 7t 4111t
1. (a) 8=111t+( -l)11 -, llEl (b) 8 2
( 11+1)-, 11EI
= (c) 8 = - - , 11EI
6 3 3
mt
, 11EI 7t
8= 117t+-, 11EI

µ:
(d) 8= (f) 8=2111t+(-l)11 +1 1t, 11EI
2 (e)
-12
nrc
2. A,B,C,D 3. D 4. -+
- 1+-- 11EI
4 16 '
7t 7t 7t
5. (i) 111t+(-l)
11
4,nEI (ii)
3
117t+ + 1, 11EI i( ii) 117t - 4' 11EI
7t 7t
i( v) nn+(-1)
11

3 ,nEI (v) 117t ± 4' 11EI

1117t 7t
4, mEI or 3'
(2m + 1)rc
6. i( )
10
111El (ii) 2111t ± 11El

1t 7t 1t
i( ii) (211 + _!_) 11E I or 2111t - 11E I
2 5'
2' (iv) ( 11+_!_ ) 11EI
2 9'
1t 21t
(11+_!_) 11EI 2111t+ ' 11EI
v( )
4 2'
(vi)
3
7t n
(vii) 111t±- ( i) (n+_!_) 11EI
vii
6 3 3'
DPP - 2

+ , 11,kEl
117t k1t 31t
6, 11 E I
TC
1. (a) X = 117t+(-1) 11+! (b) a= or a=
2 2 8
7t
(c) 8 =117t+
- -'11EI

-1] ]
3

(d) ( l)11a, where a = s111-

8 =111t+-
. 1( ✓17 or sin- 1 (
-1- ✓17
, 11EI
8 8

1t _ 31t _ 1t 1t 31t 7t
2. 8= { - }
4' 4 ' 2'4' 4 '2

3. (211+ l)1t, 11 E I 4. 2111t -

TC
, 11 EI or 117t+ (-1)11 + 1
6, n EI
TC
2
5. B 6. 3 7. B
7t 7t
8. 111t+ , 11E I or 111t+ , 11EI
(i)
3 4
7t 37t
10 , 11EI
11 11
(ii ) ,11EI or 111t - (-1)
nn+(-1)
10
117t 7t
i( ii) x = --- nEI
3 9'
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 Trigonometric Equation

DPP - 3

7t 7t
1. (a) x=2nn --, nel (b) 2nm+-, m El
4 2

2nn n nn n
= 117t+ 6' 11 = 2 - 12, 11
1t
2. 2 n n, n EI or -- + , n EI
3
3. X E I' X E I
6

-1 3
4. (i) 117t+ 6 +(-1 )11
7t 7t
4 ,11 EI (ii) 2nn +
7t

2 , n E I or 2nn + 2a where a = tan

7 , n EI
DPP - 4

1Il7t 7t
0 = nn or 0 =-±-; n, m EI 2.
3 9

7t 7t
3. 117t - - 11 E I 4. 117t - - 11 E l
4' 4

2, n 4, 11
7t 7t
5. 2n1t + EI or 2nn, n E I or 117t + E I

6. D

2111t
6, n E I
7t
7. (i) 2nn, n E I or - - +
3

6, n E I
7t 7t 7t
(ii) X = (211 + 1) -' 11 EI or x = (2 n + 1) - n EI or x = nn ±
4 2'

(iii) mn, m EI or
mn
n-1'
111 EI or ( 111 +
7t
1 1 EI
2 n' 1
_!_)
DPP - 5

7t
x =-
2,
7t 7t
1. D 2. 4 3. (4p - 3) p EI 4. 21111t + 2' 111 EI

5. A 6. C
DPP - 6

1. u [ 2nn--, 2nn+-]
nEI 3 3
21t 21t
2. 3. X E [117t- : ,117t + :] : 11 E J

4. 5. 0 E (nn + n/3, nn + n/2]

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Exercise - 1
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. C D C C C B A C C B
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. C B C D C C D B D A
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. B A D A C A B D A C

Exercise - 2
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. A,B,C,D B,C A,B B,C A,C A,B,C,D B,C A,C,D A,C B,C
Que. 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. B ,D B,D A,B,C,D A,B,C A,D

Exercise - 3
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ans. C C A B B D A D A
A B C
Q.10
s p R Q

Exercise - 4
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. 5025 24 2 6 8 15.00 50.00 17.00 7.00 0.00

JEE-MAIN
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 3 1 1
Que. 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. 1 2 8.00 4 D

JEE-ADVANCED
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ans. D 8 C 0.50 3 2 1.00 B

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