ANSWER-1.
Artificial Intelligence is a branch of Computer Science which studies how
the human brain thinks, learns, decides and works when it tries to solve problems.
Google, a voice assistant, is an example of Artificial Intelligence that we use daily.
ANSWER-2. An expert system is a computer program that uses artificial intelligence (AI)
technologies to simulate the judgment and behavior of a human or an organization that has
expertise and experience in a particular field.
Characteristics of Expert Systems in AI
1. High performance
The first and foremost characteristic of an expert system is to deliver high performance 24×7
2. Understandable
The expert system should be easy to comprehend for all the people using it.
3. Reliable
An expert system has to be reliable in the sense that it is error-free so that it is trustable.
4. Highly Responsive
An expert system has to be proactive and provide responses for each and every detail of the
problem.
ANSWER-3. The key goal of Arficial Intelligence is to build an intelligent system with the
following traits and capabilities:
1. Reasoning and Problem Solving: AI researchers aim to build systems that strongly
resemble the step-by-step approach of problem solving and logical deducton shown by humans
while dealing with complex problems.
2. Knowledge Representation: Knowledge representation refers to the configuration of
Information in order to store, retrieve or manipulate it. Since an AI-powered system is
Expected to solve diverse problems, it should have extensive knowledge about the world.
3. Planning: The system should have the insight to set future goals and plan accordingly in
Advance to achieve them. It should have the capability to visualize future scenarios and
Predict future possibilities based on the user’s actins.
4. Learning: The AI system should automatically improve through experience, also known as
Machine learning. It should be learning independently without any human intervention.
5. Social Intelligence: AI aspires to develop systems that can recognize, interpret, process,
mimic and predict human behaviour and emotions.
6. Creativity: AI system should display out-of-the-box approach to problems and generate
novel, never-seen-before outputs.
7. General Intelligence: Many researchers are trying to integrate Artificial General
Intelligence
in their systems which will be able to outdo the intelligence and skills of human beings in
every aspect.
ANSWER-4 i) Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI): Artificial Narrow Intelligence is the
Ability of computers to perform a single task effectively and efficiently.
These systems are intelligent enough to perform a single task very well
like Google voice assistants, bots, etc, which are designed only for voice
recognition. The rapidly growing field of bots serves as an excellent
example of ANI at the workplace. Bots are used to provide immediate
answers to questons like “What type of weather is going to be today?” On the basis of the
Queston, bots pull data from larger systems and deliver the expected answer.
ii) Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): Artificial General Intelligence can be defined as the
ability of systems to perform any intellectual task with efficiency
like a human. These systems are hard to develop because
Replication of the human brain is theoretically possible but not
practicable as of now. Currently, there is no such system which
could come under general AI and can perform any task as
perfectly as a human. So, we can say that Artificial General
Intelligence is still at the research stage.
iii) Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI): Artificial Super Intelligence
refers to the ability of a system that could perform any task beer
than humans with cognitive behaviour. With ASI, a system would
become so self-aware that it would surpass the level of cognitive
performance, emotional understanding, problem solving and
decision making skills found in humans. This system is
theoretically possible as it is an outcome of Artificial General
Intelligence.
[Link] AI human-machine interactions done through the following domains:
1. Data
2. Computer Vision (CV)
3. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Data
If a person thinks of automate any system or want a report or analysis of
customers’ feedback, data is required.
For example: Taking student’s daily attendance we need data of students like
class, roll number, student name, etc.
Computer Vision (CV)
It is a field of science that deals with how computers gain a high level of understanding
from digital images or videos. It is a flown that studies how the human visual system
works.
The computer vision includes the following methods to produce information:
1. Acquiring Images
2. Processing Images
3. Analyzing Images
4. Understanding Images
It is used in various areas, some of them are as follows:
Computer Vision is mainly used for Face recognition systems to recognize the faces in
images and videos. The application areas like google photos, spam chat, Facebook,
Instagram etc.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
The programming languages work on their own principles, syntax, and keywords. The
aim of NLP is developing such systems that work on human natural language on oral as
well-spoken language.
It has two main components:
1. Natural Language Understanding (NLU): It is used for spoken or written
language to provide a link between natural language inputs and what they
present. It analyzes different aspects of language.
2. Natural Language Generation (NLG): It helps to produce meaningful phrases
and sentences along with Text planning, Sentence Planning, and Text realization.
ANSWER-6 - i) Privacy Concern: Data collection is one of the most
serious implications of AI systems that comes under the
category of privacy concern.
ii) Adoption Concern: One of the major concerns related to the adoption of AI systems is its
impact on employment and the workforce.
a) Future of Jobs: Nowadays, there have been notable concerns
regarding loss of future jobs due to the adoption of AI-enabled
systems in various sectors.
b) Income Inequalities: The adoption of AI systems could increase income
inequality across the world. According to the research by Oxford
Economics, “The negative consequences of automated systems are
disproportionately felt in the lower-income regions compared with
higher-income regions of the same country.”
c) Security: Like other technologies, AI systems like bots can be
used for both good and bad purposes. On the bad side, bots
can be used by fraudsters to perform automated logins with the
goal of compromising user accounts. These systems can also be
misused by cyber criminals for hacking or damaging purposes.
d) No reasoning: As you know, Artificial Intelligent systems are not
moral agents. These systems can make decisions on the basis of
real world data which is being fed into them but it is still unclear
as to who is responsible for the outcome of the decisions made
by them. In simple words, these systems are not able to give
reasoning for the decisions made by them.
ANSWER-12-
Advantages of artificial
intelligence Disadvantages of artificial intelligence
1. It defines a more powerful
and more useful computers 1. The implementation cost of AI is very high.
2. The difficulties with software development for AI
implementation are that the development of software is
2. It introduces a new and slow and expensive. Few efficient programmers are
improved interface for human available to develop software to implement artificial
interaction. intelligence.
3. It introduces a new 3. A robot is one of the implementations of Artificial
technique to solve new intelligence with them replacing jobs and lead to serve
problems. unemployment.
4. Machines can easily lead to destruction if the
4. It handles the information implementation of machine put in the wrong hands the
better than humans. results are hazardous for human beings.
5. It is very helpful for the
conversion of information into
knowledge.
6. It improves work efficiency
so reduce the duration of time
to accomplish a task in
comparison to humans.
