AP Calculus:
EVERYTHING YOU
NEED TO KNOW
EVERY SINGLE AP CALCULUS AB AND AP CALCULUS BC TOPIC THAT YOU
WILL NEED TO ACE YOUR AP CALCULUS EXAM!
ALL BC CONTENT AT THE VERY END OF THE VIDEO
GOING FAST… HOLD ON TIGHT!
Algebra Concepts YOU MUST KNOW
Point-Slope Form (Finding tangent lines) 𝑦 =𝑚 𝑥−𝑥 +𝑦
Completing the Square (Integration)
Long Division with Rational Expressions (Integration)
BC: Solving Systems of Equations (Integration with Partial Fractions)
Logarithm/Natural Logarithm Properties
Useful Pre-Calculus Skills That Make
Your Calculus Life SO MUCH EASIER
LIMITS
Limit Properties => WATCH MY VIDEO!
Basic Derivatives
MEMORIZE!!!!!!!
Optional Derivatives That Might Be
Useful
Derivative Rules
The derivative of the outside but THE INSIDE
REMAINS UNCHANGED then times the
derivative of the inside
First times the derivative of the second PLUS the
second times the derivative of the first
Low d’high minus high d’low over the
square of what’s below
Derivative Rules Continued
Analyzing Graphs
INCREASING/DECREASING TEST
f’(x) > 0 => f is increasing
f’(x) < 0 => f is decreasing
CONCAVITY TEST
f’(x) < 0 => f is concave down
f’(x) > 0 => f is concave up
CRITICAL POINT
Where reative max/min occur
f’(x) = 0 or DNE
INFLECTION POINT
Where the concavity changes
f’’(x) = 0 or DNE
FIRST DERIVATIVE TEST
If f’(c) = 0 or DNE & f’(x) changes from positive to negative OR negative to positive at x = c, then c is a relative max
or min
SECOND DERIVATIVE TEST
If f’(c) = 0 or DNE and f’’(c) > 0, c is a relative minimum
If f’(c) = 0 or DNE and f’’(c) < 0, c is a relative maximum
If f’(c) = 0 or DNE and f’’(c) = 0, inconclusive and use first derivative test
Related Rates- GUESS!
Given- state out all of the information that you are
given in the problem
Unknown- state the rate that you are trying to find
Equation- use an equation that relates the given
and unknown variables
Solve- Differentiate with respect to time (implicit
differentiation) and substitute given values to solve
for the rate you are trying to find
State your answer
Optimization/Applied Max and Min
Problems
1) DIAGRAM
2) EQUATION THAT USES THE VALUE THAT YOU NEED TO MAXIMIZE/MINIMIZE (make
sure to substitute so you have only one variable!)
3) DIFFERENTIATE
4) FIND C.P.
5) USE FIRST OR SECOND DERIVATIVE TEST
6) CHECK ENDPOINTS AND CP FOR ABSOLUTE MAX/MIN
7) STATE YOUR ANSWER
Other Applications of Derivatives
EQUATIONS OF TANGENT LINES
Find the slope by evaluating the derivative at the desired point
Use point-slope form to write an equation involving the slope and the point
LINEAR APPROXIMATIONS
Can be used to approximate values of f around x = a
Basic Integrals
MEMORIZE!!!!!!!
Optional Integrals That Might Be
Useful
Important Calc Theorems
INTERMEDIATE VALUE THEOREM (IVT)
CONDITIONS: f is continuous on [a, b] AND f(a) < N < f(b) AND 𝑓 𝑎 ≠ 𝑓 𝑏
There must be a value c such that f(c) = N
MEANING: A continuous function MUST take on every intermediate value between f(a) and f(b)
MEAN VALUE THEOREM (MVT)
CONDITIONS: f is continuous on [a, b] AND differentiable on (a, b)
There exists some value c such that 𝑓 𝑐 =
ROLLE’S THEOREM
CONDITIONS: f is continuous on [a, b] AND differentiable on (a, b) AND f(a) = f(b)
There exists some value c such that f’(c) = 0
FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF CALCULUS (FTC)
FTC #1: ∫ 𝑓 𝑡 d𝑡 = 𝑓 𝑥 OR ∫ f 𝑥 d𝑥 = 𝐹 𝑏 − 𝐹 𝑎 𝑊𝐻𝐸𝑅𝐸 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥
FTC #2 (CHAIN RULE): ∫ 𝑓 𝑡 d𝑡 = 𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 ⋅𝑔 𝑥
AVERAGE VALUE OF A FUNCTION
CONDITIONS: f is continuous on [a, b] AND first derivative exists on (a, b)
There exists a value c such that 𝑓 𝑐 = ∫ 𝑓 𝑥 d𝑥
“c” would therefore be the average value on the interval [a, b]
GO OVER PROPERTIES
Types of Integration OF INTEGRALS!!!!!!!!
U-substitution
Find the derivative of some function inside the integral and substitutue it for “u”
Evaluate with respect to u
Back-substitute u
Long Division
Simplifies the integral
Splits up into 2 integrals, the integral of the quotient and the integral of the remainder
Completing the Square
Use Completing the Square in the denominator to SIMPLIFY into the antiderivative of
arcsin(x) or the antiderivative of arctan(x)
Definite Integrals
evaluate using FTC #1
Approximating Area With Riemann Sums
RIGHT REIMANN SUM:
LEFT REIMANN SUM:
TRAPEZOIDAL SUM:
Area and Length Applications
AREA BETWEEN TWO CURVES
ARC LENGTH (LENGTH OF A CURVE)
Volume Applications
SOLIDS OF REVOLUTION
Disk Method
Washer Method
VOLUMES OF SOLIDS WITH KNOWN CROSS SECTIONS
Motion Problems- AT LEAST ONE FRQ!!!!!
THE MOTION ELEMENTS
Position x(t): The exact location of an object in relation to it’s starting point (start is 0)
Velocity v(t): How fast and in which direction an object is traveling
Acceleration a(t): How much an object’s speed changes in a given time interval
GETTING FROM ONE VARIABLE TO ANOTHER
OTHER DEFINITIONS HOW TO FIND POSITION
Differential Equations
1) SEPARATE THE VARIABLES
2) INTEGRATE BOTH SIDES
- You only need one +C on either side
3) SOLVE FOR y
4) SUBSTITUTE THE INITIAL CONDITION
- Step 3 and Step 4 can be interchangeable (you can do 4 then 3 if that is easier)
5) STATE YOUR ANSWER
…IF YOU’RE IN AB CALC
FROM THIS POINT ONWARD, ALL THE EXTRA BC CONTENT WILL BE COVERED, STAY TUNED!
BC: Methods of Integration
INTEGRATION BY PARTS (Undoing the Product Rule) (LIPET)
INTEGRATION BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS
Factor denominator
Split into the sum of multiple fractions
Solve for the numerators using a system of equations
Break up into multiple smaller integrals and evaluate those smaller integrals
IMPROPER INTEGRALS
BC: Euler’s Method and Logarithmic Equations
BC: Parametric Equations
BC: Polar Equations
BC: Vector Equations
A vector has 2 components (x and y)
To find the derivative of a vector, simply take the derivative of each
of the components
BC: Additional Motion Definitions
FINDING POSITION- YOU NEED TO
FIND BOTH X AND Y INTEGRALS
AND INITIAL CONDITIONS TO FIND
THE POSITION
ACCELERATION VECTOR
BC: Common Series
BC: Convergence Tests
BC: Convergence Tests (Optional
But Useful)
BC: Taylor and Maclaurin Series
BC: Error and Remainder
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