Wh questions quién estás

conduciendo?)
Wh-questions begin with what, when, where,
How do you make this
who, whom, which, whose, why and how. We recipe? (¿Cómo haces
use them to ask for information. The answer How: Cómo, qué edad, esta receta?)
cannot be yes or no. etc
How old are you?
WH-WORD EXAMPLE: (¿Cuántos años tienes?)

What is your favorite How many brothers do

book? (¿Cuál es tu libro you have? (¿Cuántos
What: Qué, cuál favorito?) hermanos tienes?)
(Things or ideas)
What are you doing right How many: Cuánto (s) How many books did
now? (¿Qué estás (countable nouns) you read last year?
haciendo ahora mismo?) (¿Cuántos libros leíste el
año pasado?)
Where do you live?
(¿Dónde vives?) How much water do you
Where: Dónde (Place) drink daily? (¿Cuánta
Where are they going? How much: Cuánto (s) agua bebes
(¿A dónde van ellos?) (uncountable nouns) diariamente?)

When does the movie How much does this

start? (¿Cuándo jacket cost? (¿Cuánto
empieza la película?) cuesta esta chaqueta?)

When: Cuándo (Time) When are you leaving

for the trip? (¿Cuándo te
vas de viaje?) WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN:
Who is your best friend? WHO-WHOM AND WHOSE?
(¿Quién es tu mejor
Who: Quién, quienes amigo?) 'Who' is a subject pronoun that is used to
(People) describe who performed an action or who is
Who are you talking to? in a specific state. 'Whom' is an object
(¿Con quién estás
pronoun that refers to the person who was
hablando?)
the recipient of an action. 'Whose' is a
Which dress do you possessive pronoun that refers to the person
prefer? (¿Cuál vestido to whom something belongs.
Which: Cuál, cuáles prefieres?)
(Choice)
Which of these options
--- 'Who' is a subject pronoun like 'he', 'she'
is correct? (¿Cuál de and 'they'. We use 'who' to ask which person
estas opciones es did an action or which person is in a certain
correcta?) state.
Whose book is this? ✓ Who wrote that letter?
(¿De quién es este
Whose: De quién libro?)
(Belonging) ✓ Who is the manager?
Whose car are you
driving? (¿El coche de ✓ Who is going to prepare dinner?
---'Whom' is an object pronoun like 'him', CAPÍTULO VI
'her' and 'us'. We use ‘whom’ to ask which FUTURE TENSE
person received an action.
KEY WORDS
✓ Whom are you going to ask to the Tomorrow Mañana
party? Someday Algún dia
Today Hoy
✓ Whom did they choose as team Tonight Esta noche
captain? Soon Pronto
Next (week, month, El próximo año,
✓ Whom did they summon? year, etc) semana, mes (…)
This (afternoon, week, Esta semana, esta
----'Whose' is a possessive pronoun like 'his', month, etc) tarde, este mes (..)
In (2035, 2065, etc) En el 2035, en el 2065
and 'our'. We use 'whose' to find out which
person something belongs to.

Whose phone is this? BE GOING TO:

Whose is this umbrella? When are we going to use Future “Be

going to”?
Whose car is blocking the drive?
USES EXAMPLES

Plan or decided to do I am going to start a new

job next week.

When you are about to

do something very
soon, almost
immediately.
Immediate actions
Watch out! That glass is
going to fall.

Actions expected to
happen in the near
Actions that will future.
happen soon
They are going to arrive
any minute now.

Anticipation- Look at those dark

Predictions-evidencia clouds. It is going to rain.

Predicting a future She is going to win the

action competition; she has
been practicing so hard.

It is used for plans and projects.

 SUBJECT –BE-GOING TO –VERB Instant or I’m hungry. I will make a
sandwich.
(BASE FORM)- COMPLEMENT spontaneous

Examples. decisions

Future predictions I think it will rain

• I am going to study math tomorrow.
tomorrow.
• Fabiola is going to play football next based on a belief
weekend.
Promises I will call you as soon as
• Alicia is going to travel tonight. I arrive.
• Boris and Patty are going to visit their
Offers I will help you with your
parents tomorrow.
homework.
• We are going to have an exam next
weekend. Requests Will you pass me the
Negative forms: salt, please?

Threats If you don’t stop, I will tell

To make negative sentences we
the teacher.
have to put the verb be in negative.
Examples: Future facts The sun will rise at 6 am
✓ I’m not going to cook tonight. tomorrow.
✓ Marlene isn’t going to work this
weekend. Help / volunteer I will take care of the
kids tonight.
✓ Judy isn’t going to study medicine
next year. To express Scientists believe
✓ My friends aren’t going to play humans will colonize
actions that are Mars in the next century.
volleyball next Sunday.
Interrogative form: far into the future.

To make questions put the verb be before the

subject.
In the future will we have some key words
✓ Are you going to study physics like:
tonight?
I promise Yo prometo
-Yes, I am
- No, I am not I’m afraid Me temo que
✓ Is Luis going to travel to Pasco
tomorrow? Surely Seguramente

-Yes, he is I suppose Supongo

-No, he isn’t.
✓ Are Carla and Mary going to do their Perhaps Tal vez
homework?
I worry Me preocupa
-Yes, they are
-No, they aren’t. I expect Espero
WILL:
Possibly Posiblemente
When are we going to use Future “Will”?
I think Yo pienso
USES: EXAMPLES:
 I wonder Me pregunto ▪ Probably we won’t win the basketball
match next week.
I fear Temo
▪ I think it won’t rain tonight.
I’m sure Estoy seguro de que ▪ Perhaps I won’t have a new smart
phone next month.
I guess Supongo
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Probably Probablemente
To make questions we have to put the
I believe Yo creo auxiliary will before the subject.
Maybe Tal vez o Will you study at the university
I hope Espero next year?
-Yes, I will
-No, I won’t
o Will it rain tonight?
STRUCTURE IN AFFIRMATIVE -Yes, it will.
SENTENCES: -No, it won’t.

I will I’ll EXERCISES:

You will You’ll Text 1: The Future of Entertainment

What do you think entertainment will be like
He will He’ll in the future? Will we have virtual reality
concerts where you can feel like you're
She will She’ll actually there? Or movies that are fully
interactive, letting you choose how the story
It will It’ll
unfolds? What about video games that are
They will They’ll so realistic that you can't tell the difference
between the game and real life?
We will We’ll
Entertainment is always evolving, and with
❖ Maybe I will study at university next new technologies, the way we enjoy our
year. favorite activities is changing rapidly.
❖ I think it’ll rain tonight. Nowadays, we already have streaming
❖ Probably we will have some difficult services that allow us to watch movies and
questions in the exam. shows anywhere, anytime. In the future,
NEGATIVE FORM: these experiences could become even more
immersive. Imagine watching a movie in 3D
To make negative sentences we have to without needing glasses, or playing a video
use the negative form of the auxiliary game that reacts to your emotions.
WILL. WILL NOT (WON’T)
Concerts and live performances might also
Examples. change. Instead of traveling to a venue, you
could attend a virtual concert from your living
▪ I think Jose won’t go to the party next room, with holograms of your favorite artists
Sunday. performing live. Augmented reality could also
become a big part of our entertainment,
blending the virtual world with the real one in where students from all over the world can
exciting new ways. learn together? Will teachers be replaced by
artificial intelligence that can customize
1. Write (T) if true and (F) if false. lessons for each student? What about
A. We might have virtual reality concerts in homework? Will it be done on paper or on
the future. digital platforms that can instantly grade and
B. Future movies will not be interactive. give feedback?
C. Streaming services allow us to watch
shows anywhere today. Education is already changing with
D. Holograms could perform live concerts in technology, and it's likely to change even
the future. more in the coming years. Today, many
E. Augmented reality mixes the virtual world students use tablets and computers in class,
with the real one. and some schools offer online courses. In the
future, virtual reality might allow students to
a) TFFTT explore historical sites or conduct science
b) TTFTF experiments in a simulated environment.
c) TFTFT
d) TFFTF Artificial intelligence could play a big role in
2. How is entertainment changing with education, helping teachers to understand
technology? the needs of each student and providing
a) It’s staying the same. personalized learning experiences. Online
b) It’s becoming more immersive. platforms could offer courses from top
c) It’s getting less interesting. universities to anyone, anywhere in the
d) It’s becoming less realistic. world, making education more accessible
3. What kind of new entertainment than ever before.
experiences might we see in the
future? 5. True or False
a) Less realistic video games. Write (T) if true and (F) if false.
b) Interactive movies. A. Education in the future might use virtual
c) Fewer live concerts. classrooms.
d) Shows that need special glasses.
B. Teachers will definitely be replaced by AI.
4. Complete the Sentences C. Today, some students use tablets and
A. In the future, we might attend __________ computers in class.
concerts from home. D. Virtual reality could help students explore
B. Streaming services let us watch shows historical sites.
__________. E. AI could help personalize learning
C. Augmented reality blends the experiences.
__________ world with the real one.
D. Video games could become so a) TFFTF
__________ that they feel real. b) TTFTT
E. Holograms could perform live
c) TFFTT
__________. d) TFFFT
6. How is education changing with
Text 2: The Future of Education
technology?
a) It’s staying the same.
How do you think education will look in the b) It’s becoming more interactive.
future? Will we have virtual classrooms
 c) It’s getting less interesting. C. They’re not going to travel by electric car.
d) It’s becoming less personalized. D. They’re going to attend music festivals
7. What kind of new educational next summer.
experiences might we see in the E. They’re going to carry lightweight
future? backpacks.
a) Less use of technology in the
a) TFTTF
classroom.
b) FTFTT
b) Personalized lessons from AI.
c) TFFTT
c) No need for online courses.
d) TTFTT
d) More paper-based homework.
10. What are they going to do next
8. Complete the Sentences
summer?
A. In the future, virtual reality might let a) They are going to attend music
students __________ historical sites. festivals.
B. Online platforms could offer courses from b) They are going to travel to different
top __________. cities.
C. AI could provide __________ learning c) They are going to use traditional
experiences. camping gear.
D. Many students today use __________ d) They are going to travel by plane.
and computers in class. e) They are going to stay home.
E. Virtual classrooms could connect students
Text 4: The Future of Space Exploration
from all over the __________.
Alex and Mia are from Canada. They’re
Text 3: The Future of Music Festivals
aspiring astronauts, and next year they’re
going to start an exciting journey. They’re
Liam and Emma are from the United States.
going to train for a mission to Mars. They’re
They’re music lovers, and next summer
going to study the effects of long-term space
they’re going to attend an exciting series of
travel on the human body. They’re not going
music festivals. They’re going to travel to
to stay on Earth for their training. They’re
different cities to see their favorite bands
going to spend time on the International
perform live. They’re not going to use
Space Station. They’re going to use
traditional camping gear. They’re going to
stay in eco-friendly pods that are powered by advanced virtual reality simulations to
prepare for life on Mars. They’re not going to
solar energy. They’re going to travel by
bring many personal items because they’re
electric car to reduce their carbon footprint.
going to have limited space. They’re going to
In the mountains, they’re going to hike to
work with scientists from all over the world.
remote festival locations. They’re not going
It’s going to be an incredible adventure!
to take a lot of luggage because they’re going
to carry everything in lightweight backpacks. 11. Write (T) if true and (F) if false.
They’re going to meet lots of new friends. It’s
going to be an unforgettable summer! A. They’re going to train for a mission to
Mars.
9. Write (T) if true and (F) if false. B. They’re going to stay on Earth for their
training.
A. They’re going to hike to festival locations
C. They’re going to use virtual reality
in the mountains.
B. They’re going to stay in traditional simulations.
D. They’re going to bring a lot of personal
camping gear.
items.
E. They’re going to work with scientists a) TFTFT
worldwide. b) FTTTF
c) FTFTT
a) TFTFF d) TTFFT
b) TFFTF 14. What are they going to do next
c) TTFTT
month?
d) FTFTT a) They are going to join a sports camp.
12. What are they going to do next year? b) They are going to play traditional
a) They are going to train for a mission sports.
to Mars.
c) They are going to use the latest
b) They are going to stay on Earth.
sports technology.
c) They are going to use advanced d) They are going to live in eco-friendly
virtual reality simulations.
cabins.
d) They are going to bring many
e) They are going to stay home.
personal items.
e) They are going to work alone. VOCABULARY
FULLY COMPLETAMENTE
Text 5: The Future of Sports UNFOLDS SE DESPLEGA
ENTERTAINMENT ENTRETENIMIENTO
EVOLVING EVOLUCIONANDO
Jack and Sarah are from Australia. They’re STREAMING TRANSMISIÓN
sports enthusiasts, and next month they’re VENUE EVENTO
going to join an exciting sports camp. They’re AUGMENTED AUMENTADO
IMMERSIVE INMERSIVO
going to try out new and innovative sports.
OVER ENCIMA/ ALREDEDOR
They’re not going to play traditional sports CUSTOMIZE PERSONALIZAR
like soccer or basketball. They’re going to try GRADE CALIFICACIÓN
drone racing and hoverboard football. LIKELY PROBABLE
LIGHTWEIGHT LIGERO
They’re going to learn how to use the latest
CAMPING GEAR EQUIPO DE
sports technology, like smart wearables that CAMPAMENTO
track their performance in real time. In the HIKE CAMINATA
afternoons, they’re going to attend LUGGAGE EQUIPAJE
UNFORGETTABLE INOLVIDABLE
workshops on sports nutrition and mental CAMPING GEAR EQUIPO DE
health for athletes. They’re not going to stay CAMPAMENTO
in regular dorms; they’re going to live in eco- ASPIRING AMBICIOSO
friendly cabins. They’re going to meet JOURNEY VIAJE
LONG-TERM A LARGO PLAZO
athletes from all around the world. It’s going DRONE RACING CARRERA DE
to be an exhilarating experience! DRONES
TRY OUT PROBAR
13. Write (T) if true and (F) if false. WEARABLES USABLES
HOVERBOARD AEROTABLAS
A. They’re going to play soccer and DORMS DORMITORIES
basketball. CABINS CABAÑAS
EXHILARATING ESTIMULANTE
B. They’re going to try drone racing and
hoverboard football.
C. They’re going to use smart wearables to Nunca dudes de tu potencial y de todo lo que
track their performance. eres capaz de lograr.
D. They’re going to attend workshops on Never doubt your potential and everything
sports nutrition and mental health. you are capable of achieving.
E. They’re going to stay in regular dorms.