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Real-Time Operating Systems Overview

This document discusses real-time operating systems for networked embedded systems. It defines hard and soft real-time systems, with hard real-time systems requiring all deadlines to be met and soft real-time systems only requiring statistical constraints to be met. The role of an operating system in real-time systems is described, including features like scheduling, resource allocation, and interrupt handling. Linux is discussed for use in real-time systems through RTLinux, which uses a real-time kernel at the lowest level with Linux as a low priority thread. Examples of real-time systems and their requirements are provided.

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754 views15 pages

Real-Time Operating Systems Overview

This document discusses real-time operating systems for networked embedded systems. It defines hard and soft real-time systems, with hard real-time systems requiring all deadlines to be met and soft real-time systems only requiring statistical constraints to be met. The role of an operating system in real-time systems is described, including features like scheduling, resource allocation, and interrupt handling. Linux is discussed for use in real-time systems through RTLinux, which uses a real-time kernel at the lowest level with Linux as a low priority thread. Examples of real-time systems and their requirements are provided.

Uploaded by

priyankagulhane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Real Time Operating Systems for Networked Embedded Systems

Miss. Priyanka R. Gulhane Miss. Monika G. Pawar Computer Science & Engineering, PRMIT & R Badnera 2014-15

Presentation Outline
Definitions Role of an OS in Real Time Systems Features of Real Time Operating Systems

Scheduling Resource Allocation Interrupt Handling Other Issues

Linux for Real Time Systems and RTLinux Other RTOSs

Real Time System


A system is said to be Real Time if it is required to complete its work & deliver its services on time. Example Flight Control System

All tasks in that system must execute on time.

Non Example PC system

Hard and Soft Real Time Systems


Hard Real Time System

Failure to meet deadlines is fatal example : Flight Control System Late completion of jobs is undesirable but not fatal. System performance degrades as more & more jobs miss deadlines Online Databases

Soft Real Time System

Hard and Soft Real Time Systems


(Operational Definition)

Hard Real Time System The hard real-time system is to ensure that all deadlines are met. Soft Real Time System
Demonstration of jobs meeting some statistical constraints suffices.

Example Multimedia System

25 frames per second on an average

Role of an OS in Real Time Systems


Standalone Applications

Often no OS involved Micro controller based Embedded Systems

Some Real Time Applications are huge & complex


Multiple threads Complicated Synchronization Requirements

Features of RTOSs
Scheduling.
Resource Allocation. Interrupt Handling. Other issues like kernel size.

Other RTOS issues


Interrupt Latency should be very small

Kernel has to respond to real time events Interrupts should be disabled for minimum possible time

For embedded applications Kernel Size should be small

Should fit in ROM No Virtual Memory No Protection

Sophisticated features can be removed


Other Problems with Linux


Processes are non preemtible in Kernel Mode

System calls like fork take a lot of time High priority thread might wait for a low priority thread to complete its system call

Processes are heavy weight

Context switch takes several hundred microseconds

Linux Importance
Coexistence of Real Time Applications with non Real Time system can be done.

Example http server

Device Driver Base Stability

RTLinux
Real Time Kernel at the lowest level Linux Kernel is a low priority thread

Executed only when no real time tasks

Interrupts trapped by the Real Time Kernel and passed onto Linux Kernel

Software emulation to hardware interrupts


Interrupts are queued by RTLinux Software emulation to disable_interrupt()

RTLinux (contd)
Real Time Tasks

Statically allocate memory No address space protection

Non Real Time Tasks are developed in Linux Communication


Queues Shared memory

Peripheral devices and protocols


Interfacing
Serial/parallel ports, USB Serial, Ethernet, Low bandwidth radio. LCD, Keyboard, Touch sensors, Sound, Digital pads, Webcams A variety of sensors using fire, temperature, water level, sound, vision

Communication
User Interface Sensors

Fire alarm system: an example

Central server Controller based


Low bandwidth radio links

Sensors: microcontroller based

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