Basic Concept

Basic concept of organizational structure provide a

framework for vertical control & horizontal coordination
of the organization.
These important dimensions include job specialization,
departmentalization, chain of command, authority &
responsibility, centralization/decentralization, line &
staff authority, and span of management.

Job Specialization
To divide the work to be accomplished into specialized
tasks & to organize them into distinct units. Exp: division
of the school into elementary, middle & high school units;
the distinction between administrative & teaching functions;
& the variety of position certificates required by the state
department of education, including superintendent, principal,
supervisor, & various teaching specialties.
The 3 common alternatives to job specialization are job
rotation, job enlargement, & job enrichment.

1. Job rotation
Job rotation involves systematic moving employees from
1 job to another. In school districts, principals can rotate
between schools every 5 years.
Job enlargement: adds breadth to a job by increasing the no.
and variety of activities performed by an employee.
Jon enrichment: adds depth to a job by adding administrative
activities (decision making, staffing, budgeting, reporting)
to an employees responsibility.

Departmentalization
The organizationwide division of work, permits the
organization to realize the benefits of job specialization
& to coordinate the activities of the component parts.
School districts may be broadly divided into divisions
of school management, personnel management , and
supportive services & humanistic development.
Further subdividing of a division may produce departments
responsible for specific subjects

Departmentalization in school
The most common grouping in schools is by function.
Offers a no. of advantages people who form similar
functions work together, each department can be staffed
by experts in that functional area.
Decision making & coordination are easier, because
department heads need to be familiar with only a relatively
narrow set of skills.
Disadvantages: Personnel can develop overly narrow &
technical viewpoints that lose sight of the total system
perspective, communication & coordination across
departments can be difficult, & conflicts often emerge
as each department attempts to protect its own area of
authority & responsibility.

Chain of Command
Concerned with the flow of authority & responsibility
within an organization, is associated with 2 underlying
principles.
(i) Unity of command means that a subordinate is accountable
to only 1 person the person from whom he receives
authority & responsibility.
(ii) The scalar principle means that authority & responsibility
should flow in a direct line vertically from top mg.
to the lowest level.
It establishes the division of work in the orgn. In hierarchy
form.

Authority & Responsibility

Authority is the right to make decisions & direct the work
of others. It is an important concept in organizational
structure because administrators & other personnel must
be authorized to carry our jobs to which they are assigned.
Authority & resty should be linked; Resty for the execution
of work must be accompanied by the authority to accomplish
the job.
In school district, authority stems from the board of education.
This body then delegates to the superintendent of school the
authority necessary to administer the district.
Provides the framework for legitimizing organizational
hierarchy & provides the basis for direction & control.

Centralization/decentralization
Delegation of authority between a superior & subo is a
way of sharing power.
Decentralization Administrators tend to delegate
considerable authority & resty, more decision are made
at lower levels in the orgn. Subo possess considerable
influence in the overall operation of the school.
Centralization School administrators retain most of the
authority, depending on subo to implement decisions only.
Centralization & decentralization represent opposite ends
of a continuum.

Advantages (decentralization)
1. It makes greater use of human resources.
2. Unburdens top-level administrators.
3. Ensures that decisions are made close to the firing line
by personnel with technical knowledge.
4. Permits more rapid response to external changes.

Line & staff authority

Line authority is that relationship in which a superior
exercises direct supervision over a subo. an authority
relationship in a direct line in the chain of command.
Exp: Principals have authority to issue orders to their
subo(s). The principal can order the assistant principal
of instruction to implement a curriculum change, and the
assistant principal in turn can order the head department and
so on down the chain of command.

Staff authority
Staff authority is advisory in nature. The function of
personnel in a staff position is to create, develop, collect,
& analyze information, which flows to line personnel
in the form of advice. Staff personnel do not possess
the legitimate authority to implement this advice.
Exp: Staff is the assistant to in which the person assists
the superintendent or other superior in a variety of ways.
Exp: The legal counsel who advises the superintendent in
legal matters affecting the schools.

Span of management
Span of mg refers to the no of subo(s) reporting directly
to a supervisor. The most widely used criteria suggest
that spans can be larger at lower levels in an orgn than at
higher levels.
Because subo(s) in lower level position typically perform
much more routine activities, subo(s) can be effectively
supervised at lower levels. In practice, larger spans are
often found at lower levels in orgns.

Exp: elementary schools are characterized by very large

spans, as many as 50 or more teachers reporting to 1 principal.
In such orgns, there is a tendency to assign team leaders
within a school
These team leaders (teachers) report to the school principal.
They may not be officially legitimized as a layer of
administration within the school.
The informal team leader approach permits a principal
to expand the no of teachers she can effectively supervise.
At the same time, this unofficial position does not result in
another cumbersome layer of administration.

Carta Organisasi KPM

C a r t a O r g a n is a s i K P M
M e n t e r i P e la j a r a n
\
T im b a la n P e la ja r a n 1

K e t u a S /U

T im b a la n P e la ja r a n 2

S /U P a r lim e n
K e t u a P e n g a r a h P e l a ja r a n M a la y s ia
T .K .P .J S

TK P P end
T e k n ik a l

TK P P end
I s la m &
M o ra l

TKP
P e la ja r a n
S w a s ta

TKP
P e n d id ik a n
K has

TKP
P end
Jasm ani&
S ukan

P e n g a ra h
B hg S ek

P e n g a ra h
BPPT&V

P e n g a ra h
B .P g rn

P e n g a ra h
BP&P

P e n g a ra h
B .P & P K h a s

P e n g a ra h
B .K P g rn

P e n g a ra h
BPG

P e n g a ra h
BKT&V

P e n g a ra h
B. D & K

P e n g a ra h
B . P & P ia

P e n g a ra h
B .P e rk & P
K has

P e n g a ra h
B .D s r& P
S ukan

P e n g a ra h
PPK

P e n g a ra h
B P& PT&V

P e n g a ra h
B . K u ri

P e n g a ra h
B . P e n g u a t.

P e n g a ra h
B .L & K B

P e n g a ra h
B .P g rn
S ukan

P e n g a ra h
BBT

P e n g a ra h
BL&KS

Struktur Organisasi KPM

6 Jabatan & fungsinya
1. Jabatan Sekolah
Pelajaran Prasek, Rendah & Menengah
Menguruskan pengajian prasek, rendah &
menengah, pendidikan guru, perkembangan
kurikulum, buku teks & sukan.
2. Jabatan Pendidikan Khas
Menguruskan perancangan & penyelidikan
pendidikan khas, perkhidmatan pendidikan
khas & latihan serta khidmat bantu
pendidikan khas.

3. Jabatan Pendidikan Teknikal

Menguruskan pengajian pengurusan teknik/
Vokasional, kurikulum teknik/vokasional,
politeknik, perancangan & penyelidikan
pendidikan teknik & vokasional & latihan
kemajuan staf.
4. Jabatan Pendidikan Islam & Moral
Menguruskan Pendidikan Islam & Moral, Dakwah
& Kepimpinan serta kurikulum Pendidikan Islam
& Moral

5. Jabatan Pelajaran Swasta

Menguruskan perancangan & penyelidikan
Pendidikan swasta. Pendaftaran & piawaian serta
penguatkuasaan Institut Pengajian Tinggi Swasta
(IPTS).
6. Jabatan Pendidikan Jasmani & Sukan

Pada asalnya Jabatan Pendidikan Tinggi

(telah dikeluarkan) dibtk satu kementerian
Menguruskan dasar, pembangunan kewangan &
kemasukan pelajar Institut Pengajian Tinggi (IPT).
Akreditasi & kebajikan pelajar luar negeri.

Carta Organisasi KPP

S a m b u n g C a r t a O r g a n is a s i K P M
K e tu a P e n g a r a h
P e l a j a r a n M a l a y s ia
K e t u a S /U

P e n g a ra h
BPPDP

P e n g a ra h
Lem baga
P e p e r ik s a a n
M a la y s ia

P e n g a ra h
B h g T e k n o lo g i
P e n d id ik a n

P e n g a ra h
IA B

P e n g a ra h -p e n g a ra h
JP N

Carta Organisasi KPP

C a r t a O r g a n is a s i K P M ( S a m b u n g a n )
K e tu a P e n g a r a h
P e l a j a r a n M a l a y s ia
K e tu a
S /U

T im b a la n
K . S /U
(K e w a n g a n &
P em bangunan)
S /U B h g
K ewangan

S /U B h g
P em bangunan &
P e ro le h a n

S /U B h g
H bgn
A trb a n g s a

T im b a la n
K . S /U
( S u m b e r M a n u s ia )

P e n g a ra h B h g
T e k n o lo g i
M a k lu m a t
& K o m u n ik a s i

S /U B h g
S um ber
M a n u s ia

S /U B h g
B ia s is w a

S /U
B hg
K h id m a t
P e n g u ru s a n

Bhg & Fungsinya

1. Bhg Perancangan & Penyelidikan Pendidikan
Merancang dasar-dasar pendidikan negara &
menguruskan penyelidikan pendidikan.
2. Bhg Teknologi Pendidikan
Menguruskan khidmat bantuan teknologi utk
meningkatkan pengajaran guru &
pembelajaran murid.
3. Bhg Pembangunan Organisasi&Perkhidmatan
Menguruskan perjawatan & perkhidmatan
pendidikan Malaysia.

4. Bhg Hbgn Atrbangsa

Menguruskan hal ehwal pendidikan dgn
pertubuhan pendidikan atrbangsa.
5. Bhg Khidmat Pengurusan
Menguruskan hal ehwal pentadbiran KPM.
6. Bhg Kewangan
Menguruskan perutkan & pembelajaran KPM.
7. Bhg Pembangunan, Penswastaan & Bekalan
Menguruskan perancangan pembangunan &
bekalan serta program penswastaan
kementerian.

8. Bhg Sistem Maklumat

Menguruskan program pengkomputeran KPM.
9. Bhg Biasiswa
Menguruskan perutkan & pembayaran biasiswa
KPM.
10. Bhg Dasar & Pengurusan Korporat
Menguruskan hal-hal yg berkaitan dgn
pelaksanaan dasar & pengurusan korporat.
11. Bhg Audit Sek & Audit Dlm
Menguruskan pengauditan akaun-akaun SR & Men
bantuan kerajaan.

12. Institut Aminuddin Baki

Menguruskan program latihan dlm perkhidmatan
kpd pengurus/pentadbir pendidikan.
13. JPN
Melaksanakan semua dasar yg dibuat oleh KPM
misalnya KBSR & KBSM.
Agensi & Fungsinya
1. Majlis/Lembaga Peperiksaan
Mengurus peperiksaan awam.

2. Jemaah Nazir Institut

Pendidikan
Memeriksa & menyelia semua institusi pendidikan
3. Majlis Sukan Sek-sek Malaysia
Menguruskan hal ehwal sukan sek
4. Institut Terjemahan Negara
Menguruskan hal ehwal terjemahan KPM
5. Yayasan Tunku Abdul Rahman
Menguruskan perutkan & biasiswa yayasan.
6. Perpustakaan Negara
Menguruskan hal ehwal perpustakaan KPM.

7. Dewan Bhs & Pustaka

Menguruskan percetakan buku teks & program
pembangunan bhs & sastera serta budaya
negara.
8. Institut Teknologi MARA (telah dikeluarkan)
Sebuah institut pengajian tinggi utk memenuhi
keperluan tenaga profesional negara.
9. Universiti-universiti (telah dikeluarkan)
Menyediakan pendidikan tinggi utk
pembangunan sumber manusia utk
pembangunan negara.

JPN: 4 sektor & fungsinya

1. Sektor Pengurusan Sek
Prasek, Rendah, Menengah, Pendidikan
Swasta, Pendaftaran Sek, Guru & Jemaah
Pengurus serta Perhubungan, Pendidikan Khas.
2. Sektor Pengurusan Akademik
Kurikulum KBSR/KBSM, Pendidikan Teknikal,
Teknologi Pendidikan, Penilaian & Peperiksaan,
Pendidikan Islam.

3. Sektor Pengurusan
Pembangunan Manusia
Kokurikulum, Hal Ehwal Pelajar, Pencegahan
Dadah.
4. Sektor Pengurusan Perkhidmatan Pendidikan
Pembangunan Fizikal, Perkhidmatan
Perjawatan, Kewangan & Audit serta
Pengurusan Maklumat.

3 Sektor Di PPD & Fungsinya

1. Sektor Pengurusan Sek
Penempatan guru & pelajar, penyeliaan &
pengesahan.
2. Sektor Pengurusan Akademik
Pencerapan/penyeliaan P&P, pengelolaan
kursus, seminar serta bengkel peningkatan
akademik.
3. Sektor Khidmat Sokongan & Pembangunan
Kemanusiaan
Pelaksanaan program hal ehwal pelajar,
kokurikulum, penyeliaan pengurusan
kewangan sek & pembangunan.

4 Sektor Di Sek & Fungsinya

1. Pentadbiran
Menguruskan hal ehwal pentadbiran sek
2. Kurikulum
Menguruskan pelaksanaan kurikulum &
kokurikulum sek.
3. Hal Ehwal Murid
Menguruskan hal ehwal murid
4. Penyeliaan Sesi Petang
Menguruskan persekan sesi petang.

Sistem Pentadbiran Pendidikan

1. Sistem pendidikan negara ditadbir melalui sistem
berpusat.
2. Pengurusan sistem pendidikan merupakan
tanggungjawab Kerajaan Persekutuan
3. Aktiviti penggubalan dasar, perancangan
pembangunan, penggubalan kurikulum,
pentadbiran peperiksaan awam, dan pembiayaan
dikelolakan dan diselaraskan pada peringkat pusat.

Sistem Pentadbiran Pendidikan

4. Peringkat pusat juga melaksanakan dan
memantau program pendidikan dengan dibantu
oleh pihak pengurusan pada peringkat negeri
dan daerah.

Agihan Aktiviti Pengurusan Pendidikan

Mengikut Peringkat
1. Pusat (KPM) Penggubalan dasar dan
membuat perancangan makro bagi personel.
2. Peringkat Negeri/Daerah Pengurusan
perkhidmatan dan pembangunan personel.
3. Sekolah Pengurusan guru/staf bukan guru,
pelajar.

Agihan Aktiviti
1. Jawatankuasa Perancangan Pendidikan (JPP)
yang dipengerusikan oleh Menteri Pendidikan
adalah peringkat paling tinggi dalam
membentuk dan membuat keputusan hal-hal
yang berkaitan dengan dasar pendidikan.
2. Beberapa jawatankuasa kecil dibentuk bagi
menggariskan panduan dasar, menyelaras dan
mengawal selia pelaksanaan dasar pendidikan
mengikut bidang seperti kurikulum,
pembangunan, kewangan, kemasukan, buku
teks, biasiswa, pembangunan staf, dan lain-lain.

3. Sistem pengurusan KPM pada asasnya

mempunyai 4 hierarki iaitu Jabatan/Bahagian
pada peringkat pusat, Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri,
Pejabat Pendidikan Bahagian/ Daerah, dan
sekolah.
4. Pada masa ini terdapat 6 Jabatan merangkumi 32
buah bahagian utama di KPM, 17 buah agensi
berkanun termasuk universiti, 27 buah maktab
perguruan, 12 buah politeknik, 14 buah JPN, 16
buah PPB (hanya di Sabah & Sarawak) 131 buah
PPD, dan 8876 buah sekolah.

5. Sekolah rendah dan menengah (kecuali sekolah

menengah teknik dan vokasional) ditadbir melalui
PPB/PPD.
6. Setiap sekolah rendah diketuai oleh seorang guru
besar manakala sekolah menengah diketuai oleh
seorang pengetua.
7. Antara tugas utama pengurus sekolah adalah
pengurusan kewangan, pelajar, personel, akademik,
dan kokurikulum.

8. Pengetua/Guru Besar dibantu oleh 3 orang

penolong kanan yang diberi tanggungjawab ke
atas hal-hal akademik, hal-ehwal murid, dan
kokurikulum.
9. Di sekolah menengah Gred A, terdapat 4 ketua
bidang yang dilantik secara hakiki untuk
membantu dalam hal-hal pelaksanaan kurikulum.

Organisasi Kementerian
Pendidikan
1. Kementerian
Pembtkan Dasar Pendidikan & Dasar
Pelaksanaan.
2. JPN
Perancangan/penyelarasan pelaksanaan
3. PPD
Penyeliaan/pemantauan pelaksanaan
4. Sek
Proses pelaksanaan

Tutorial Title 11
a. Public speaking
b. Code of Ethic in management
c. Code and Ethic of the Teaching Profesion
Tutorial Title 12
d. Role and Duties of Senior Assistant Student Affair
e. Disciplinary management
f. Management of text book loan scheme
g. Students attendance management