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Endogenic Processes: Folding, Faulting, and More

This document discusses various endogenic processes that occur beneath Earth's surface and shape the landscape. These include folding and faulting from tectonic movements along plate boundaries, which cause rock layers to bend and fracture. Other processes include volcanism when magma rises along weaknesses created by folding and faulting, metamorphism from heat and pressure transforming rock types, and earthquakes from sudden releases of strain between plates or volcanic activity.

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Ken Aguila
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52 views16 pages

Endogenic Processes: Folding, Faulting, and More

This document discusses various endogenic processes that occur beneath Earth's surface and shape the landscape. These include folding and faulting from tectonic movements along plate boundaries, which cause rock layers to bend and fracture. Other processes include volcanism when magma rises along weaknesses created by folding and faulting, metamorphism from heat and pressure transforming rock types, and earthquakes from sudden releases of strain between plates or volcanic activity.

Uploaded by

Ken Aguila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ENDOGENIC

PROCESSES
ENDOGENIC
• Processes that occur beneath the surface of the earth
• Energy originating from the interior of the solid earth
• ENDOGENIC FORCES
What happens?
• When the ground moves, Rock layers at the surface of the earth are
broken, twisted and shaken.
• Land is destroyed in many places and created in other places.
• When the land is shaped by Endogenic Forces we call this
ENDOGENIC PROCESSES.
Main Endogenic Processes
FOLDING & FAULTING
• Tectonic movements
• Along the plate boundaries
• Causes landform features
FOLDING
• When two forces push towards each other from opposite sides, the
rock layers will bend into folds.
• The process by which folds are formed are due to compressional
forces known as folding.
• There are large-scale and small-scale folds.
FOLDING
FAULTING
• Faulting is the fracturing and displacement of more brittle rock strata along
a fault plane either caused by tension or compression.
• A break in rock along which a vertical or horizontal rock movement has
occurred is called a fault.
• The process of forming a fault is faulting.
• The line of fault which appears on land surface is known as fault line.
• These lines are often lines of weakness which allow molten rock to rise up
onto the earth surface when there is active volcanic activity nearby.
TYPES OF FAULTING
• There are three types of fault which are caused by different endogenic
forces:
- Normal fault (Convergence)
- Reverse fault (Divergence)
- Tear fault (Transform)
Illustrations of Faulting
Other Endogenic Processes
• These are Endogenic Processes that are subsequent to the main ones.
Volcanism (Volcanic Activity)
Metamorphism
Earthquake (Seismic Activity)
Volcanism
• Magma beneath the crust is under very great pressure. When folding
and faulting occur, cracks or fractures which are lines of weakness are
created.
• When these lines of weakness develop downward in the crust and
reach the magma, they will release the pressure in the magma.
• This allows magma to rise up along the lines of weakness and intrude
into the crust. Some magma may even reach the earth's surface and
some don’t.
Illustration of Volcanism
• There are two
types of
Volcanism:
Intrusive
volcanism and
Extrusive
volcanism.
Metamorphism
• Metamorphism is an endogenic process which occurs when there is
pressure and heat applied to geologic structures which leads to the
formation of Metamorphic Rocks.
• More heat and pressure, higher quality minerals
Illustration of Metamorphism
Earthquakes
• An Earthquake or (Seismic Activity) is a sudden shaking or vibration
in the earth’s crust.
• When plates suddenly move past each other, the built-up strain is
released along the fault, and the rock fractures.
• An earthquake also can be triggered by molten rock moving up into
the chamber of a volcano before eruption.
Illustrating Earthquake

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