Substation Automation Products
Power System Protection
Power system stability
© SA-T Training
1MRG005312
Section 02
Power system Protection
Power System Stability
Power system stability is defined as that property of a power system that
enables it to :
Remain in a state of operating equilibrium under normal operating condition
Regain an acceptable state of equilibrium after being subjected to a
disturbance
Stability means the power system quantities become constant again after the
fault is removed.
Stability depends in:
Nature of the disturbance
The initial operating condition
© SA-T Training
1MRG005312
Slide 2
Section 02
Power system stability
Classification of power system stability
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1MRG005312
Slide 3
Section 02
Power system stability
Voltage stability
Ability of power system to maintain steady voltages at all
buses in the system after being subjected to a disturbance
from a given initial operating condition.
Main factor causing voltage instability is the inability of
power system to maintain proper balance of reactive power
and voltage control actions.
© SA-T Training
1MRG005312
Slide 4
Section 02
Power system stability
Voltage stability
© SA-T Training
1MRG005312
Slide 5
Section 02
Power system stability
Voltage stability
© SA-T Training
1MRG005312
Slide 6
Section 02
Power system stability
Transient stability
jXd’ jXL
Pm
+ Fixed (Infinite Bus)
Pe
E’/δ V/0
A generator connected to an infinite bus through a line. Initially Pm=Pe
d2δ/dt2 =0 => Pm = Pe
dδ /dt =0 => ω = ωsyn
© SA-T Training
1MRG005312
Slide 7
Section 02
Power system stability
Transient stability
© SA-T Training
1MRG005312
Slide 8
Section 02
Power system stability
Transient stability
© SA-T Training
1MRG005312
Slide 9
Section 02
Power system stability
Transient stability
© SA-T Training
1MRG005312
Slide 10
Section 02
Power system stability
Transient stability
© SA-T Training
1MRG005312
Slide 11
Section 02
Power system stability
Transient stability
© SA-T Training
1MRG005312
Slide 12
Section 02
Transient stability
Parameters influencing transient stability
Generator and turbine inertia constant
Generator rated power
Generator active power production
Generator reactive power production
Excitation system and voltage regulator
Generator pre-fault voltage
Generator voltage during the fault
Generator voltage after the fault
Generator transient reactance
Step-up transformer reactance
Grid reactance
© SA-T Training
1MRG005312
Slide 13
Section 02
Power system stability
Frequency stability
Ability to maintain steady state frequency within a nomial
range following a disturbance resulting in a significant
imbalance between system generation and load:
In small system, frequency could be of concern for any
significant loss of load or generation.
In a large interconnected system, frequency could be of
concern only following a severe system upset resulting
splitting of system into more islands.
Frequency stability problem are associated with
inadequacies in generator responses, poor coordination of
control and protection(over/under) systems.
© SA-T Training
1MRG005312
Slide 14
Section 02
© SA-T Training
1MRG005312
Slide
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