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Tree Diagram

Tree diagrams are commonly used to represent syntactic structure. They use symbols like N, VP, and NP to label parts of the hierarchical structure. Baker defines tree diagrams as providing efficient representations of some important organizational properties of individual sentences. Common syntactic symbols include S, NP, N, Art, V, and VP. Arrows, parentheses, and curly brackets are also used to indicate constituents are optional or there is a choice between elements. An example tree diagram is presented to demonstrate these concepts.

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Alifa Trisdayanti
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2K views12 pages

Tree Diagram

Tree diagrams are commonly used to represent syntactic structure. They use symbols like N, VP, and NP to label parts of the hierarchical structure. Baker defines tree diagrams as providing efficient representations of some important organizational properties of individual sentences. Common syntactic symbols include S, NP, N, Art, V, and VP. Arrows, parentheses, and curly brackets are also used to indicate constituents are optional or there is a choice between elements. An example tree diagram is presented to demonstrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

Alifa Trisdayanti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tree Diagram

MORPHOSYNTAX
GROUP 9
01. 02.
Alifa Trisdayanti Muhammad Azwar

2011204016 2011204056

03. 04.
Sarah Widya P Zalman Farizi R.H

2011204008 2011204080
DISCUSSION

Syntax Tree Diagram Symbols used in


Syntactic Analysis
SYNTAX
Syntax is generally defined as the arrangement of words and phrases to create
well-formed sentences in a language. The word “syntax” comes originally from
Greek and literally means “a putting together” or “arrangement”. Languages have
rules. The rules of a language are called the grammar. The reason for these rules
is that a person needs to be able to speak an indeterminately large number of
sentences in a lifetime. The effort would be impossibly great if each sentence had
to be learnt separately. By learning the rules for connecting words, it is possible
to create an infinite number of sentences, all of which are meaningful to a person
who knows the syntax.
Tree Diagram
One of the most common ways to create a visual representation of syntactic structure is
through tree diagrams. Symbols (Art=article, N = noun, NP = noun phrase) are used to
label the parts of the tree to capture the hierarchical organization of those parts in the
underlying structure of phrases and sentences.
Baker (1998) defines tree diagrams in these words:
“Tree diagrams are used quite widely in schola Tree diagrams are used
quite widely in scholarly works and textbooks. Their major rks and
textbooks. Their major  justification is that they provide quick and
efficient representations of s ient representations of some important
organizational properties of individual sentences”.
  —Someone Famous
Symbols used in
Syntactic Analysis

There are symbols that are used as abbreviations for syntactic


categories. Examples are yntactic categories. Examples are “S” (=
sentence), “NP” (= noun “S” (= sentence), “NP” (= noun phrase),
“N” (= phrase), “N” (= noun), “Art” (= article), “V” (= verb) and
“VP” (= verb phrase), “PP” (= prepositional phrase).
There are three more symbols that are commonly used in syntactic
description. Yule (2010) gives detail of these symbols as:

(i) The first is in the form of an (ii) The second symbol is a pair (iii) The third symbol is in the
arrow →. It can be interpreted of round brackets ( ). Whatever form of curly brackets { }.These
as “consists of”. For example, occurs inside these round indicate that only one of the
NP → Art N brackets will be treated as an elements enclosed within the
optional constituent. For curly brackets must be selected.
example NP → Art (Adj) N We use these types of brackets
when we want these types of
brackets when we want to
indicate th to indicate that there
is a choice from two or at there
is a choice from two or more
constituents.
Example
Example Of Tree Diagram
Conclusion
Syntax is generally defined as the arrangement of words and phrases to
create well-formed sentences in a language. The word “syntax” comes
originally from Greek and literally means “a putting together” or
“arrangement”. Languages have rules. The rules of a language are called the
grammar. One of the most common ways to create a visual representation of
syntactic structure is through tree diagrams.
Thank
You!
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