PRESENTED TO :-
ENGR. MUHAMMAD TANVEER
• Presented By :-
• Tayyaba Rafaqat (19013323-004)
• Hafsa Qayyum (19013323-008)
• Aiza Imran (19013323-014)
• Qudsia Shafaq (19013323-019)
• Zainab Nadeem (19013323-021)
• Iqra Tariq (19013323-023)
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Examples
• Types
• Override Control
• Applications
• Advantages & Disadvantages
DEFINITION
Selective control system is a form of multivariable control in which more
than one controller (at least two) is employed to manipulate the same
process and the selection of controller is determined by a constraint.
EXAMPLES OF SYSTEM CONTROLS
Following Examples of control systems in your day-to-day life include
• an air conditioner
• a refrigerator
• a bathroom toilet tank.
• an automatic iron.
• and many processes within a car – such as cruise control.
TYPES OF SELECTIVE CONTROL SYSTEM
• Types:
1. Override control for the protection of process equipment
2. Auctioneering control
Override control:
During the normal operation of a plant or during its startup or shutdown it is possible that dangerous situations may arise which may lead to
destruction of equipment and operating personnel. In such cases, it is necessary to change from the normal control and attempt to prevent a
process variable from exceeding an allowable upper or lower limit. This can be achieved through the use of special types of switches. The
high selector switch (HSS) is used whenever a variable should not exceed an upper limit, and the low selector switch (LSS) is employed to
prevent a process variable from exceeding a lower limit.
Auctioneering process control:
Such control configurations select among several similar measurements the one with the highest value and feed it to the controller. Thus it
is selective controller, which processes several measured outputs and one manipulated input.
OVERRIDE CONTROL TO PROTECT THE
COMPRESSOR
The discharge of a compressor is controlled with a flow control system (loop 1). To
prevent the discharge pressure from exceeding an upper limit, an override control
with a high switch selector (HSS) is introduced. It transfer control action from the
flow control to the pressure control loop (loop 2). Whenever the discharge pressure
exceeds the upper limit. Notice that flow control or pressure control is actually
cascade to the speed control of compressor's motor.
AUCTIONEERING CONTROL
PROTECTION OF STREAM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
In any chemical process there is a network distributing stream. At
various pressure levels to the processing units. High-pressure stream
is let down o lower pressure level at the let-down stations. The
amount of stream let down at such station is controlled by demand on
the low pressure stream line. To protect the high pressure line from
excessive pressures, we can installed an override control system with
a HSS, which transfers control action from loop 1 to loop 2 when the
pressure is exceeds the upper limit of the high pressure line.
OVERRIDE CONTROL FOR STREAM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
APPLICATION OF SELECTIVE CONTROL
SYSTEM
1. Selective control refers to a control system in which the more important of two
variables will be maintained.
2. For example, in a boiler control system, if fuel flow outpaces air flow, then un-
combusted fuel can build up in the boiler and cause an explosion.
3. Selective control is used to allow for an air-rich mixture, but never a fuel-rich
mixture.
4. Selective control is most often used when equipment must be protected or safety
maintained, even at the cost of not maintaining an optimal process variable setpoint.
ADVANTAGES OF SELECTIVE CONTROL
SYSTEM
1. Steam discharges combine to a steam header.
2. Overall steam pressure is maintained constant.
3. Control simultaneously steam flow rates from boilers in parallel.
4. Single output variable (steam header pressure)
DISADVANTAGES OF SELECTIVE
CONTROL SYSTEM
1. More than one physical quantity source are required.
2. 2. Only one single controller output is used to control all
the manipulated variables – any fault in the controller
results in an unbalanced system and device damage.
