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•Electrical wiring is generally refers to insulated conductor used to carry

current and associated device.
•Domestic electric appliances like lights, fans, washing machines, water
pumps etc are connected to the supply through insulated wires which are
controlled by switches.
•The wiring diagram gives the connections of different appliances to the
supply within a house or building.
• State electricity board provide electric supply
up to a point outside the consumer premises.
From this point consumer take the connection to
his main board . Insulated electrical wires will be
taken out to various places in the permises to
supply power to different type of loads like lights ,
fans , refrigerators , room coolers , heaters,etc.
• The conductor material, insulation , size and the
number of cores, specifies the electrical wires.
• The conductors are usually of either copper or
aluminium.
• Various insulating materials like PVC,TRS and VIR
are used.
• The wire may be of single strand or multi strand.
• Wires with combination of different diameters and
the number of cores or strands are available.
• The selection of the wire is made depending on
the requirement considering factors like current
and voltage ratings, cost and application.
• The current carrying capacity depends on
the total area of the wires.
Wires are drawn along the consumer’s building
to distribute power to all points where load is
situated.

Types of wiring according to uses;

1. Domestic wiring.
2. Commercial wiring.
3. Industrial wiring.
 Types of Loads
• Domestic Purpose
The electricity for domestic purpose is consumed in
various types of loads such as:
(1) Single phase 5 A domestic Lighting load:
-For lighting Filament lamps , fluorescent
tubes , fans.
(2)Single phase 15 A power domestic load:
-In case of air conditioning , electric water heating ,
refrigeration.
(3)Commercial load:
(i) Shops (ii)Offices (iii)Schools (iv)Colleges
(4) Street light load : This is under Gram-Panchayat ;Municipality or
corporation . A separate line is provided for this purpose and is charged in a
different type of tariff.

(5)Agricultural load :This is generally 3 phase 440 volts ,pumping motor load.

(6)Rice mills /Saw mills : For this a 3 phase 440 volt 3-phase service line is
separately provided.

(7)Industrial load: (a)For small scale industries / workshops

(b)For medium
scale industries
(c)Large scale
 Electric supply
system
• Electricity is supplied as per the requirements.
• Generally electrical supply is given by a 3 phase 4 wire
[Link] distributor lines from the poles are run in
the different areas where electricity is needed.
• Types of supply system:
(1)Overhead supply
system.
(2)Underground
cable system.
 1. life of installation
 2. future extension or alterations
 3. construction of building
 4. fire hazards or other special conditions
 5. corrosive fumes
 6. dampness
 7. type of wire and material used
 8. nature of load (lighting of power)
 9. safety of the system
 10. cost of wiring system

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 1. single-phase two-wire system


 3. three-phase four-wire system

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  Wiring system normally
classified on the basis of wire
used in the wiring

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 Commonly used types of wiring systems for
residential buildings ,commercial buildings
etc.
 1. Cleat wiring

 2. Wooden casing and capping wiring

 3. C. T. S or T. R. S. wiring

 [Link] Sheathed or Lead Sheathed wiring

 5. Conduit wiring

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 Cleat wiring is normally used for temporary
wiring purpose.
 Ex..functions, marriages…etc.

 In this type of wiring vulcanized india

rubber(V.I.R) or polyvinyl chloride(PVC)
insulated wires are used as conductors.
 Wires are held by the help of porcelain cleat
which are placed 6mm off the walls or
ceilings.

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 As shown in dia. Grooves are provided in the base
portion of the cleat for accommodating the wires.
 wiring is done as shown in figure..

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Cleat
Wiring
 Types of cleats…………
 …1. one groove

 …2. two grooves and

 …3. three grooves

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 Advantages
 1. cheapest system of internal wiring

 2. installation and dismantlement is easy and

quick
 3. material is recoverable after the
dismantlement
 4. inspection, alternations and additions can
be easily made
 5. skill required is little

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 Disadvantages
 1. it is not looking good

 2. quit temporary and perishes quickly

 3. wire are exposed to mechanical injury

 4. oil and smoke are injurious to V.I.R

insulation
 5. not suitable for domestic
premises.

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 Field of application
 1. the wiring of this type is suitable for
temporary installations in dry places.
 2. this is also accepted where appearance is
not so important and cheapness is the
main consideration

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 This is one of the cheapest type of wiring and
is commonly used for house wiring.
 The cable used in this type of wiring is either
V.I.R or P.V.C or any approved insulated
cables.
 Casing consist of V-shaped grooves and is
covered by rectangular strip of teak wood
known as capping.
 This type of wiring adopted up to 250 V in
dry places and in places where no risk of fire.

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Casing capping
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 Advantages
 Cheaper than lead sheathed and conduit wiring.

• Provides good isolation as the conductors are

placed apart reducing the risk of short circuit.
• Easily accessible for inspection and repairs.
• Since the wires are not exposed to
atmosphere, insulation is less affected by
dust, dirt and climatic variations.

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 Disadvantages
 1. not suitable in damp places

 2. risk of fire

 3. this type of wiring can only be used on

surface and can not be concealed in plaster.
 [Link] it requires better workmanship ,
labour cost is more

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 Field of application
 This type of wiring is suitable for low voltage
domestic installations in dry places and
where there is no risk of fire hazards

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 This type of wiring is also used for house
wiring and is quite cheap.
 Cab tyre sheathed (C.T.S) wire or tough
rubber sheathed (T.R.S) wire is normally used
as conductor for this wiring.

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 The wires are run on the teak wooden battens
which are fixed on the wall or the ceiling by means of
screws and wooden plugs.
 C.T.S OR T.R.S cables used are not much
affected by chemicals , water, and steam.

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 Advantages
 1. it is easy to install and repair
 2. it gives better appearance
 3. its life is long
 4. it is fire proof up to a certain limit
 5. it is cheaper than other types of wiring
except cleat wiring
 6. conductors have strong insulations
 7. chemicals do not affect the conductor
insulation

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 Disadvantages
 1. the conductors are open and liable to
mechanical injury thus this type of wiring
cannot be used in workshops etc.
 2. its use in places open to sun and rain is
restricted
 3. good workmanship is suitable where acids
and alkalis to be prescut.

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 This type of wiring is adopted for low voltage
installation.
 This system is similar to C.T.S wiring except
that the cable used is different in this
wiring system.
 In this type of system conductors are
insulated with V.I.R and then covered with an
outer sheath of lead aluminium alloy
containing 95% lead and 5% aluminium.

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 The metal sheath is provided over the
insulated conductor in order to protect
system from mechanical injury , dampness,
and atmospheric action.
 Same as C.T.S wiring system cables are run
on wooden batten and are fixed with the help
of tinned link clips.

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 Advantages
 1. conductors are protected against
mechanical injury
 2. it is suitable employed under damp
situations
 [Link] gives better appearance

 [Link] has longer life

 5. conductors are protected against

chemicals
 6. it can be installed in open space

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 Disadvantages
 1. cables are costlier than C.T.S OR T.R.S
wires
 2. In case of leakage ,there is risk of
shock
 3. skilled labour and proper supervision is
required
 4. it is not suitable for places where chemical
corrosion may occur

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 Field of application
 This wiring system is suitable for low voltage
(up to 250V) installations.
 It may be used in places exposed to sun and
rain provided no joint is exposed.
 It may be used in damp placed with a suitable
protective covering.
 This type of wiring is very common in use
these days except for some small
installations and distribution boards etc.

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 Conduit wiring system is best for domestic
and commercial installations.
 It provide proper protection to the
installation against fire hazards, shock,
mechanical damage and dampness.
 The cable used in this system is either V.I.R
or P.V.C insulated and is run in mild steel or
P.V.C pipes called conduits.
 Conduits carrying the insulated wires can be
installed on the surface of the walls or
concealed in the walls and the ceiling.

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 Modern practice is to conceal the conduit in the
plaster of the wall , so that the appearance of the
house remains unuffected.

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 Advantages
 1. conduit provides protection against
mechanical injury and fire & is shock proof
 2. conduit provides protection against
chemicals
 3. the whole system is water proof

 4. conductors are safety secured from

moisture
 5. this wiring has far better look

 6. it has a longer life

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 Disadvantages
 1. it is costly system of wiring

 2. it requires more time for erection

 3. it requires highly skilled labour

 4. internal condensation of moisture may

cause damage to the insulation unless the
system outlets are drained and ventilated

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 Field of application
 1. places where considerable dust of puff is
present such as textile mills, saw mills, flour
mills etc.
 2. damp situations
 3. in workshops for lighting and motor
wiring
 4. places where there is possibility of fire hazards
such as in oil mills, varnish factories, etc.
 [Link] where important documents are kept
such as record room
 [Link] and public buildings where the
appearance is of prime importance
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• Electrical drawings plays an important role in
electrical installation works that they convey
information about connection of various devices
and equipments with mains.
• It provides the complete information,and also
helps to assemble the various equipments.
• It is a functional drawing which shows and
describes the main operating principles of the
equipments or devices.
• It consists of :-
-principle functions (represented by blocks)
- line connections (shows relationship between
them).
The diagram is usually drawn before implementing
a circuit diagram.
• Not give any detailed information.
• leaves the information about smaller cmponents.
• Is a simplified notation of an
electrical system.
• Called as one-line diagram or
single line diagram .
• Similar to the block diagram
• It consists of symbols to
represent the components.
• Lines to represent the wires
or conductors which
connects the components
together.
• the line diagram is
derived from the block
diagram.
• Electrical circuit is graphically represented in a
simplified manner.
• it gives the position information of
various elements (in cm or m or mm)
• Doesn’t give any layout of the parts and
their detail wiring information of the
components.