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Upscaling Nigeria’s food production in a sustainable way
Riemer Kuik
Tom Goorhuis Oude Sanderink
Vester Knevelbaard
Bart-Jan van Dijk
Kas Jansma
Dhaifalla Alotaibi
Merlijn de Wolf
source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/1920px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1
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Contents
› Introduction
› Approach
› Problem definition
› Recommendations
› Questions
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Introduction
› The “Giant of Africa”
▪ Largest economy of Africa
▪ Most populated country in Africa
▪ “Emerging global power”
▪ Oil producer
▪ Nollywood https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestand:LocationNigeria.svg
▪ 33% lives in poverty (Posthumus, 2018)
› Size: 92,377,000 ha
› 853 km of coastline and a exclusive economic zone
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Approach
4
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Method
5
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Definition and design approach
› Sustainable Food System (SFS)
▪ Food security and nutrition for all
▪ Now and future
› Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (SDG)
▪ SDG 2: zero hunger
6
(United Nations, 2019)
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Problem definition
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Problem definition
› High population growth
› High urbanisation rate
› 50% food import
› Rural areas: 71% food insecure
› Conclusion: not reliable, not
sustainable
(Posthumus, 2018)
8
(FAO, 2019d)
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Problem definition
› Main problem: insufficient domestic food production
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Problem definition
› Main problem: insufficient domestic food production
› Sub problems
▪ Agriculture yield
- Deficiencies
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Deficits of Nigeria
(Posthumus, 2018) 11
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Agriculture
(FAO, 2019a) and (FAO, 2019b) 12
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Agriculture
(FAO, 2019a) and (FAO, 2019b) 13
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Agriculture: deficiencies
› Most crops are rainfed
▪ Only 0.7% irrigated while 10% is possible
› Not enough inputs cause decreasing yields
› Lack of farming equipment
▪ small farms with low capital
▪ little governmental investments
(Posthumus, 2018) and (FAO, 2019c) 14
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Problem definition
› Main problem: insufficient domestic food production
› Sub problems
▪ Agriculture yield
- Deficiencies
- Inequality
(Posthumus, 2018), (Olaoye & Ojebiyi, 2018) and (FAO, 2019c) 15
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Agriculture: inequality
› 80% of farms are smallholders
› Investments go mainly to large
farms (4% of GDP)
› Farm is worked predominantly by
women (60-80% of production)
› Lack of females access to education
and credit
https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/29/is-technology-contributing-to-increase
d-inequality/ 16
(Posthumus, 2018) (Jama, 2008) and (FAO, 2019c)
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Problem definition
› Main problem: insufficient domestic food production
› Sub problems
▪ Agriculture yield
- Deficiencies
- Inequality
▪ Aquaculture
- Illegal fishing
- Fishing methods
17
(Posthumus, 2018), (Olaoye & Ojebiyi, 2018) and (FAO, 2019c)
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Aquaculture
› 853 km of coastline and a 200 nautical miles exclusive economic
zone
› Fishery sector contributes 5.4% to the nations GDP
› Nigeria imports over half its consumed fish (56%), being the 4th
largest importer in the world
› Increasing gap between production and demand due to
population growth and lack of new technologies
› Illegal fishing
(Nakazawa et. al., 2013)
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Aquaculture
› Artisanal: capturing fish from
natural water bodies such as
rivers, streams, lakes, ponds and
coastal areas
› Industrial: sea fishing with large
vessels
› Fish farming: growing aquatic
organisms under controlled
environments
(Olaoye & Ojebiyi, 2018), (Maiga, 2018),, (Odimayo, 2017) 19
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Problem definition
› Main problem: insufficient domestic food production
› Sub problems
▪ Agriculture yield
- Deficiencies
- Inequality
▪ Aquaculture
- Fishing methods
- Illegal fishing
▪ Infrastructure
- Lack of necessary infrastructure
(Posthumus, 2018), (Olaoye & Ojebiyi, 2018) and (FAO, 2019c) 20
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Infrastructure
› Poor and ineffective
› High losses due to poor
storage
› High logistic costs within
rural areas
(Alonge,2017) (Posthumus, 2018), & (Laurance, 2014 ) 21
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Problem definition
› Main problem: insufficient domestic food production
› Sub problems
▪ Agricultural yield
- Deficiencies
- Inequality
▪ Aquaculture
- Fishing methods
- Illegal fishing
▪ Infrastructure
- Lack of necessary infrastructure
(Posthumus, 2018), (Olaoye & Ojebiyi, 2018) and (FAO, 2019c) 22
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Recommendations
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Improve agricultural yield
› Large potential from Niger river
› Twice the yield possible with
irrigation
› Investments crucial
New World Encyclopedia, (2019), Niger River (retrieved from
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Niger_River)
(FAO, 1997), (Urama, 2004), Takeshima, 2016)
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Cooperative farming
› Cooperate with other local farmers
› Already exists in Nigeria
› Provides the structure for growth
› Positives:
▪ Knowledge, equipment and
infrastructure sharing
Purchasing together
▪ Common marketing and selling
▪ More attractive to investment
(Nlerum, 2014),(Francesconi, 2017) and (Jama, 2008) https://www.heifer.org/usa/index.html 25
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Cooperative farming
› Negatives
▪ Side selling undermines the cooperative
▪ In Africa, cooperatives have been made irrelevant by
government policies and neglect and need to be revitalized
(pinto, 2009) (Francesconi, 2017) 26
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Improved fishing
1.Move from artisanal to
industrial fishing to increase
supply
2.Decrease illegal fishing
3.Invest in fish farming
instead of importing fish
4.Improve fish farming
towards integrated multi-
trophic aquaculture (Stamhuis,
2019)
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Infrastructure
› Big investment in agriculture infrastructure is needed in order to
store and supply food from farms to cross the country
› Short value chain
› Food storage hubs
(Battisti, 2015), (Posthumus, 2018), & (Laurance, 2014 ) 28
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Infrastructure
29
(Laurance, 2014 ) & (NATURE, 2014)
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Future risks
› Possible impacts of building (small) dams
› Risks of over-exploitation of land
› Blue water resource depletion due to irrigation
› Large cultivation of rice is sensitive to climate change
(Fao, 1997), (Urama, 2004), (Takeshima, 2016), (Ajetomobi, 2011) 30
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Conclusion
› Investments toward sustainable intensification of food production
should decrease the deficits and reduce import
› Investment in infrastructure will increase food production
› Largely dependent on political situation and female
empowerment
› Future research should focus on quantifying the effects of the
recommendations
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Questions?
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Sources
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van edepot.wur.nl%2F478505&usg=AOvVaw2RbdKNc5fTVvMdc6atGe0m
2. Nakazawa N, Komatsu M, Court B. Fisheries in Nigeria. Report to the Ministry of Agriculture. Nigerian Government. 2013. 11 p
3. Irene Canfora (2016). Is the Short Food Supply Chain an Efficient Solution for Sustainability in Food Market?Agriculture and Agricultural
Science Procedia, 8, 402 - 407.
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Area, all land-uses selected, 1998/2005/2016)
5. Food and Agriculture Organization . (n.d.). Nutrient composition and protein quality of rice relative to other cereals
http://www.fao.org/3/t0567e/T0567E0d.htm, voedselwaarden
6. Food and Agriculture Organization . (n.d.). Nigeria at a glance. Retrieved October 21, 2019, from
http://www.fao.org/nigeria/fao-in-nigeria/nigeria-at-a-glance/en/.
7. Stamhuis, E. J. (2019, October). Lecture 16. Lecture 16. Groningen. Retrieved from
https://nestor.rug.nl/bbcswebdav/pid-9924663-dt-content-rid-19479467_2/courses/WMEE16000.2019-2020.1A/Fisheries-1-EJS-oct20
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Sources
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Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). Cali, Colombia. 4 p.
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