NANOWORL
GROUP
D3
Meet Our Team
Welcome to our dynamic nanoworld
exploration team! Comprising experts
Zyra Macababbad Justine Dollente from materials science, physics, and
engineering, we're dedicated to unraveling
nanoscale mysteries. With a passion for
innovation, we collaborate to present
cutting-edge advancements in
nanotechnology, manipulating materials
and crafting unique nanostructures.
Jenny Guittu Ronalyn
Francisco
Meet Our Team
Join us on this fascinating journey
Mike Jencen Macarubbo Nina Rica Magora as we explore the limitless
possibilities of the nanoworld,
reshaping the future where science
and technology converge."
Peter Magtolis Dastine Angelo Gabriel
Lesson Objectives
At the end of this lessons, the students should be able to:
1. Define nanotechnology
2. Characterize nano-scale
3. Describe the various uses of nanotechnology
4. Discuss concerns on the use of the nanotechnology and;
5. Explain the states of the use of nanotechnology in the
Philippines.
INTRODUCTION
• Nanostructure science and technology is an expanding interdisciplinary field that
holds the potential to revolutionize material and product creation. Astonishing
advancements, like high-speed motors and microscopic clamps, challenge
traditional perceptions.
• The Semiconductor Industry's evolution showcases a significant reduction in the
cost and size of computer chips since 1971, predicting further shrinkage. The
surge in articles and substantial investments, such as the US spending 1.6 billion
dollars in 2004, underscores global interest. Nanotechnology in the US is a major
federally funded initiative, paralleling the significance of the moon landing
mission. Roco (1999) compares nanotechnology's current stage of development
to that of computer information technology in the 1950s.
Nanoworld
• The prefix “nano” denotes sizes of
the order of one billionth of a meter.
• Nanostructure science and
technology is a broad and
interdisciplinary area of research and
development activity that has been
growing explosively worldwide in
the past few years.
Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology
• Nanoscience refers to the scientific study of materials of nanometer size, i.e., one
billionth of a meter (The Royal Society, 1994).
• Nanotechnology refers to various technologies to produce materials of extra high
precision and dimensions on the scale of one-billionth of a meter. (Norio Taniguchi
of Tokyo Science University is credited with coining the term “nanotechnology” in
1974.). Nanotechnology “implies the ability to generate and utilize structures,
components, and devices with a size range from about 0.1nm (atomic and molecular
scale) to about 100nm (or larger in some situations) by control at atomic, molecular,
and macromolecular levels” (Roco, 1999, p. 131).
Origin of Nanoscience
• In 1959, it was discussed by the renowned physicist Richard Feynman
in his talk There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom, in which he described
the possibility of synthesis via direct manipulation of atoms.
• In 1960, Egyptian engineer Mohamed Atalla and Korean engineer
Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs fabricated the first MOSFET (metal-oxide-
semiconductor field- effect transistor) with a gate oxide thickness of 100
nm, along with a gate length of 20 µm.
• In 1962, Atalla and Kahng fabricated a nanolayer- base metal-
semiconductor junction (M-S junction) transistor that used gold (Au)
thin films with a thickness of 10 nm.
Origin of
Nanotechnology
• The term "nano-technology" was first used by Norio Taniguchi in 1974.
• In 1986, K. Eric Drexler used the term "nanotechnology" in his book
Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology, which
proposed the idea of a nanoscale "assembler" which would be able to
build a copy of itself and of other items of arbitrary complexity with
atomic control.
• In 1980, the emergence of nanotechnology as a field in occurred
through convergence of Drexler's theoretical and public work.
• In 1986, Drexler co-founded The Foresight Institute to help increase
public awareness and understanding of nanotechnology concepts and
implications.
Nanoscience and Technology
• Branch of science that studies systems
and manipulates matter on atomic,
molecular and supra molecular
scales/ultra-small scale (the nanometer
scale).
Nanotechnology
• Study of what happens when things get
very, very small - only a few atoms in
size.
• Refers to the science, engineering, and
technology conducted at the nanoscale,
which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.
• Employs the study and application of
exceptionally small things in materials
science, engineering, physics, biology and
chemistry.
Nanotechnology is a very diverse field that is
having bigger and bigger impacts on the world.
• Has applications in medicine, cars,
spacecrafts, food, electronics, and materials
science just to name a few.
• Refers broadly to a field of applied science
and technology whose unifying theme is the
control of matter on the molecular level in
scales smaller than 1 micrometer, normally 1
to 100 nanometers, and the fabrication of
devices within that size range.
Nanoscience
• Nanoscience is a convergence of physics,
materials science and biology, which deal
with manipulation of materials at atomic
and molecular scales.
• Nanoscience deals with materials that are
very small using specialize microscopes
and other nano devices.
• Study of structures
(NANOSTRUCTURES) and material on
the scale of nanometers.
Nanometer
• Is a unit of length measurement, similar to
meters and centimeters. One billionth of a
meter, or 0.000000001 or 10-9 meters.
• Commonly used in nanotechnology. the
building of extremely small machines.
Nanoscale and Nanostructures
• The nanoscale refers to a length scale on the order of nanometers (1 to
100 nanometers), where materials exhibit unique properties influenced
by quantum effects and surface interactions. Nanoscale technologies
involve manipulating materials at this scale for applications in
medicine, electronics, and more.
• A nanostructure is a structure with dimensions on the nanoscale,
encompassing a variety of natural or synthetic materials or devices.
Examples include nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanowires, engineered
to leverage unique nanoscale properties. Nanostructures are
fundamental in nanotechnology, finding applications in materials
science, electronics, medicine, and energy.
Nanoscale and Nanostructures
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM)
• A branch of microscopy that forms images of
surfaces using a physical probe that scans the
specimen. founded in 1981, with the invention of the
scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument for
imaging surfaces at the atomic level.
Atomic Force Microscopy
• Is a type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with
demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a
nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the
optical diffraction limit. The information is gathered
by "feeling" or "touching" the surface with a
mechanical probe.
TYPES OF
MICROSCOPES USED
IN NANOSCIENCE AND
NANOTECHNOLOGY
ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
• Is a type of microscope that illuminates itself with an
electron beam.
• To control the electron beam, for example, by focusing it
to create magnified images or electron diffraction
patterns, they employ electron optics, which is akin to
the glass lenses of an optical light microscope.
• Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution of
about 0.1 nm, compared to about 200 nm for light
microscopes, because an electron's wavelength can be up
to 100,000 times smaller than that of visible light.
• In 1930, German engineers Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll
built the first electron microscope.
Electron microscope may refer
to:
• Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) where swift electrons go
through a thin sample.
• Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) which is similar to
TEM with a scanned electron probe.
• Scanning electron microscope (SEM) which is similar to STEM, but with
thick. samples Electron microprobe similar to a SEM, but more for
chemical analysis Ultrafast scanning electron microscopy, version of a
SEM that can operate very fast.
• Low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM), used to image surfaces.
• Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) which is similar to LEEM
using electrons emitted from surfaces by photons.
Atomic Force
Microscope
• is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy
(SPM), with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of
a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the
optical diffraction limit.
• The information is gathered by "feeling" or "touching" the
surface with a mechanical probe. Piezoelectric elements that
facilitate tiny but accurate and precise movements on
(electronic) command enable precise scanning.
• Despite the name, the Atomic Force Microscope does not use the
Nuclear force.
• Was pioneered in 1986 by noble prize winner, Gerd Binig along
with Calvin Quate and Christoph Gerber.
Scanning tunneling
Microscope
• Atomic surface imaging can be accomplished with the scanning
tunneling microscope (STM), which was created in 1981 by
Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer at IBM Zürich.
• It senses the surface with a sharp conducting tip, enabling high-
resolution imaging and manipulation of individual atoms.
• The microscope works on the basis of quantum tunneling, which
permits electrons to tunnel through vacuum by applying a bias
voltage between the tip and the surface.
• Images are produced using the resulting tunneling current,
which is dependent on the applied voltage and tip position.
• An improved method called scanning tunneling spectroscopy
examines the local density of electronic states by adjusting the
bias voltage while maintaining a fixed tip position.
• The method calls for spotless surfaces, sharp tips, stability, and
sophisticated electronics. Despite its challenges, some hobbyists
build their own microscopes.
Possible Application of Nanotechnology in the
Philippines
• Information and Communication Technology semiconductors
• Health and Medicine
• Energy
• Food and Agriculture
• Environment
Nanotech Road map for the Philippines
• Information and Communication Technology semiconductors
• Health and Biomedical
• Energy
• Food and Agriculture
• Environment
• Health and Environmental risk
• Nano-metrology
• Education and public awareness
Advantages and Disadvantages of Nanotechnology
Advantages Disadvantages
• offers the potential • economic disruption
for new and faster • possible threats to
kinds of computers security, privacy,
• more efficient power health, and the
sources environment.
• and life saving
medical treatments
Nanotechnology and Environment
Benefits Concerns
• improved detection • High reactivity and
and removal of toxicity
contaminants • Pervasive
• developments of distribution in the
benign industrial environment
processes and • No nano-specific
materials EPA regulation
Nanotechnology and Health
Benefits Concerns
• improved medicine • ability to cross cell
• could save lives membranes and
making diagnosis trans locate in the
and treatment far body
more effective • No FDA approval
needed for
cosmetics and
supplements
Nanotechnology and Economy
Benefits Concerns
• better products • redistribution of
• new jobs wealth
• potential costs of
clean-ups and health
care
• accessibility to all
income levels
THANK YOU!
Reference
• http://www.emm-nano.org/what-is-nanoscience- nanotechnology/
• https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/0 90610192431.htm
• https://www.ntnu.edu/nano/nanostructured- materials
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30672766
• https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages- disadvantages-nanotechnology-
37398.html https://en.unesco.org/news/eighth-unesco- medals-contributions-
development-nanoscience- and-nanotechnologies 08
