PRESENTED BY,
MRS, SAYMA MANSURI
INTRODUCTION
The reproductive organs in female are those which
are concerned with copulation, fertilization, growth
and development of the fetus and its subsequent of
the outer world.
The organs are broadly devided into:
1) External ganitalia
2) Internal genitalia
3) Accessory reproductive organs.
External
ganitalia:
a) Mons pubis
b) Labia majora
c) Labia minora
d) Clitoris
e) Vestibule of
vagina
f) Vestibule of
bulb
2) Internal genitalia:
a) Vagina
b) Uterus
c) Cervix
d) Fallopian tube
e) Ovaries
3) Accessory reproductive organs:
Breast
External ganitalia:
a)Mons pubis:
It is the pad of subcuteneous adipose connective
tissue lying in front of the pubis and in the adult
female is covered by hairs.
b) Labia majora:
The labia majora are covered with squamous
epithelium and contain sebaceous glands,sweat
glands and hair follicles.
Beneath the skin there are dense connective tissue
and adipose tissue.
The inner surface of the labia majora are hairless.
T he labia majora are homologus with the scrotum
in the male
c) Labia minora:
They are two thin folds of skin , devoid of fat, on
either side just within the labia majora.
The lower portion of the labia minora fuses across
the midline to form a fold of sikn known as
fourchette.
The labia minora do not contain hair follicles
The folds sikn contain connective tissue, numerous
sebaceous glands, erectile muscle fibers,and
numerous vesseles and nerve ending.
d) Clitoris:
It is a small cylindrical erectile body, measuring
about 2.5 cm situated in the most anterior part of the
vulva.
The glans is covered by squamous epithelium.
Clitoris is an analougeto the penis in the male but it
differs basically in being enirely seprate from the
urethra.
e) Vestibule of vagina:
It is a triangular space bounded anteriorly by the clitoris,
posteriorly by the fourchette and on either side by labia
minora.
There are four openings into the vestibule
Urethral opening:
The opening is situated in the midline just in front of the
vaginal orifice about 1-1.5 cm below the pubic arch.
Vaginal rifice & hymen:
The vaginal orifice lies in the posterior end of the
vestibule and is of varying size and shape.
It is incompletely closed by a septum of mucous
membrane called hymen.
It is circular or cresentic in virgins.
On the both side it is lined by stratified squamous
epithelium .
Opening of bartholin’s duct:
f) Vestibule of bulb:
Blood supply:
Branches of internal pudendal artery being labia,
transverse perineal artery to the vestibular bulb and
dorsal artery to the clitoris.
Branches of Femoral artery– superficial & deep
external pudendal.
• Veins:
a) Internal pudendal vein.
b) Vesical or veginal venous plexus.
Nerve suuply:
Anterio-superior part- cuteneous branch – ilio
inguinal & genital branche – genito- femoral nerve.
Posterior- inferior part – pudendal branches-
posterior cuteneous nerve of thigh.
Two group: 1) vulva supply by labia
2) perineal supply by pudendal nerve.
Internal
genitalia:
a) Vagina
b) Uterus
c) Cervix
d) Fallopian
tube
e) Ovaries
A) VAGINA
The vagina is a fibromuscular membraneous
sheath communicating the uterine cavity with the
exterior at the vulva.
It constitute the excretory channel for the uterine
secretion and menstual blood.
it is the organ of copulation & forms the birth
canal , the canal is directed upward and
downwards from the vulva marking angle of 45⁰
with the uterus.
Measurement:
Length: anterior wall is 8cm, posterior wall is 10cm
Diameter : upper end is widwer 5 cm & lower end is
narrowest 2.5 cm.
Shape: vagina is circular at the upper end H- shape
in the rest of the length.
Relation: The vagina is related
anteriorly – urinary bladder
Posteriorly- rectum
It passes beiween the two levantoe ani muscles
Fornix of vagina :
The cervix protudes into the upper part of the vagina
and this result in formaation of circular groove at the
upper part of vagina or vault of vagina.
This devided into four parts:
- anterior fornix: It is shallowest fornix
- posterior fornix: It is the deepest fornix
- Two lateral fornix.
Blood supply:
uterine artery, vaginal artery & middle rectal artery.
Lymphatic Drainage :
- upper 1/3 – external iliac group
- middle 1/3 up to hymen – internal iliac group
- below the hymen – superficial inguinal group.
Nerve supply :
sympathatic & parasympathetic from the pelvic
plexus. Lower part is supplied pudendal nerve.
Functions of vagina
The vagina acts as the receptacle for the penis
during sexual intercourse,
To provides an elastic passage way through which
the baby passes during childbirth.
UTERUS
INTRODUCTION
The utreus is a thick – walled, pear shaped, hollow
muscular organ.
It is situated in the pelvic cavity, with the urinary
bladder in front and rectum, behind.
Shape & Size
Adult nulliparous uterus is pyriform.
length : 7 cm
Width : 5 cm
Thickness: 2.5 cm
Weight : 30 – 40 gm
Parts
There are three parts : fundus, body, cervix
1) Fundus : This is dome shape part.
- opening above the fallopian tube.
2) Body : This is the main part .
- it is narrowest inferiorly internal os than it
contineous with the cervix.
3) Cervix ( neck of the vagina) :
- this protrudes through the anterior wall of
the vagina.
- opening in to the external os.
Relation
Anteriorly : above the internal os, the body forms the
posterior wall of the uterovesical pouch, below the
internal os.
Posteriorly : It is covered with perotoneum and
forms the anterior wall of the pouch of douglas
containing coils of intestine.
Laterally : The double fold of peritoneum of the
broad ligament are attached.
Stucture
Wall of the uterus are composed of three layers.
1) Perimetrium
2) Myometrium
3) endometrium
1) Perimetrium :
- outer serous coat , made of peritoneum.
2) Myometrium :
- It is middle layer & muscular coat.
- 12-15 mm thick.
- Consists of smooth muscle fibers
- Main branches of blood vessels & nerve.
- During pregnancy thick and increase greatly.
3) Endometrium :
- Inner mucus coat
- Highly specialized mucous membrane
- Thickness according to the phases of menstual
cycle.
- Post menstual phase layer is thin.
Blood supply
Arterial supply:
-Utrine arteries, branches of onternal iliac arteries.
• Venous drainage:
- Same rote of arties & drain into the internal iliac vein.
• lymph drainage :
- Deep & superficial lymph vessels drain in to the blood
vessels.
• Nerve supply :
- Parasympathetic fiber & sympathetic fibers from the
lumber outflow.
Functions
There are more responcible for many function in the
processes : implantation, gestation, menstruation,
and labor.
- mechanical protection
- nutritional support
- remove waste
- contracts during delivary
Nourish and house a fertilized egg until the fetus, or
offspring, is ready to be delivered.
Fallopian tube
Fallopian tube
Introduction
-The uterine tube are pair structure
-Measuring about 10 cm and situated in the medial
¾ off the upper three margin of broad ligament
PARTS
There are 4 parts
1) Intramural /interstitial
- lying in the uterine wall
- 1.25 cm long and 1 mm diameter
2) ISTUMUS
- Almost Straight
- 2.5 cm length and 2.5 mm in diameter
3) AMPULA
- Tortuous Part
- 5 cm length with end it
4) INFUNDIBULUM
- 1.25 cm long and maximum diameter of 6 mm
STRUCTURE
There are three layer
1) serous
- it consist of peritoneum and all side except along
with line of attach mesoscalp
2)muscular
- arrange in 2 layer outer longitudinal inner circular
3)mucous membrane
-Lying by columnar epithelium
-Partially dilated
FUNCTION
Transport of the gametes
To facilated fertilization and survival of zygote through it secretion
BLOOD SUPPLY
Uterine and ovarian artery
VENOUS DRAINAGE
Pampineform plexus in to the ovarian vein
LYMPHATIC
Ovarian vessels to Para aortic node
NERVE SUPPLY
The tube is very much sensitive to handling
OVERIES
OVERIES
The ovaries are female gland
There are 2 ovaries situated on each side of uterus with
ovarian fossa
The ovaries situated on lateral wall of the pelvis
Each gland is oval shape and pinkish gray colour
surface is scared
Measuring about 3 cm long 2 cm in wide and 1 cm is
thickness
BLOOD SUPPLY
Ovarian arteries and abdominal aorta
VENOUS DRAINAGE
ovarian vein into right ovarian vein –inferior vena
cava and left vein –left renal vein
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
- Lymphatic drain into the lateral aortic node
NERVE SUPPLY
- Symphathatic from T 10 and T 11 spinal segment
- And para symphathetic from vegous
FUNCTION
-Store house of the female gametes
-Synthesis and secretion of ovarian hormone
FSH( follicle stimulating hormone )
- stimulate and development of ovarian
follicles and production of Estrogen
LH ( luteinizing Hormone )
- it is responsible for ovulation and
inhibit by Estrogen And Progesterone level
