Guidelines in Giving
Emergency Care
GETTING STARTED
1. Plan of Action
Emergency plans should be established based on anticipated needs and
available resources
2. Gathering
2. Gathering of
of Needed
Needed Materials
Materials
The
The emergency
emergency response
response begins
begins with
with the
the preparation
preparation of
of equipment
equipment and
and
personnel
personnel before
before any
any emergency
emergency occurs.
occurs.
3. Initial Response:
• Ask for HELP.
• Intervene
• Do no further harm.
4. Instruction to Helper/s
Proper information and instruction to a helper/s
would provide organized first aid care.
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
1. Survey the Scene
Once you recognized that an emergency has occurred and decide to
act, you must make sure the scene of the emergency is safe for you,
the victim/s, and any bystander/s.
Elements of the Survey the Scene
• Scene safety
• Mechanism of injury or
nature of illness.
• Determine the number of patients
and additional resources.
2. Activate Medical Assistance (AMA) or Transfer Facility
In some emergency, you will have enough time to call for specific
medical advice before administering first aid. But in some situations, you
will need to attend to the victim first.
3. Do a Primary Survey
In every emergency situation, you must first find out if there
are conditions that are an immediate threat to the victim’s
life.
1. Check for Consciousness 2. Check for Airway
3. Check for Breathing 4. Check for Circulation
4. Do a Secondary Survey
It is a systematic method of gathering additional information about
injuries or conditions that may need care.
1. Interview the victim.
2. Check vital signs.
3. Perform head-to-toe examination.
Interview the victim.
• Victim’s name, address, phone number
• Ask what happen
• S A M P L E history
Signs & symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last oral intake
Events prior to the episode
HISTORY
Check vital signs
• PULSE Rate, Strength & Rhythm
• Respiration = 1 inhalation & 1 exhalation
RESPIRATION
• SKIN APPEARANCE Temperature, color & capillary refill
• Pupil Equal And Reactive to Light (PEARL)
PUPILS
Normal Ranges for Pulse Rate Normal Ranges for Respiration
AGE RANGE AGE RANGE
ADULT 60 – 90/min. ADULT 12 – 20/min.
CHILD 80 – 100/min. CHILD 18 – 25/min.
INFANT 100 – 120/min. INFANT 25 - 35/min.
Perform head-to-toe examination.
D Deformities
C Contusions
A Abrasions
P Punctures/penetrations
B Burns
T Tenderness
L Lacerations
S Swelling
Pupillary Reactions
Constricted Pupils
( Heat Stroke / Drug over dose )
Dilated Pupils
( Shock / Bleeding )
Unequal Pupils
( Head Injury / Stroke)
Patient Casualty
Handling
EMERGENCY RESCUE
Is a rapid movement of patient from unsafe to a place of safety.
Indications for Emergency Rescue
1. Danger of fire or explosion.
2. Danger of toxic gases or asphyxia
due to lack of oxygen.
3. Serious traffic hazards.
4. Risk of drowning.
5. Danger of electrocution.
6. Danger of collapsing walls.
TRANSFER
Is moving a patient from one place to another after giving first aid.
Selection of transfer method will depend on
the following:
1. Nature and severity of the injury.
2. Size of the victim.
3. Physical capabilities of the first aider.
4. Number of personnel and equipment available.
5. Nature of evacuation route.
6. Distance to be covered.
7. Gender of the victim (Last Consideration).
TRIAGE
Is a process use in sorting patients into categories of priority for care and transport
based on the severity of injuries and medical emergencies.
S.T.A.R.T. System
Simple Triage And Rapid Treatment is one method of
triage that has proven to be effective.
Tagging of Patient
1. Priority One (Red Tag) immediate care; life threatening.
2. Priority Two (Yellow Tag)
delayed care; can delay transport and treatment to one
hour.
3. Priority Three (Green Tag)
hold care; can delay transport up to three hours.
4. Priority Four (Black Tag)
no care required; patient is dead.
Skills:
Lifting & Moving
and FBAO
Lifting and Moving
One Man Lifting and Moving
1. Walking Assist
2. Cradle Carry
3. Pack strap Carry
4. Firefighter’s Carry
1 2 3 4
Lifting and Moving
One Man Drag
1. Armpit or Clothes Drag
2. Ankle Drag (aka Foot Drag)
1 2
Lifting and Moving
Two Man Lifting and Moving
1. Extremity Carry
2. Swing Carry (two-handed seat or
arms-as-litter)
3. Chair Carry
1 2 3
Lifting and Moving
Group Lifting and Moving
1. Hammock Carry
2. Blanket Carry
3. Flat Lift and Carry
4. Stretcher Techniques
1 2 3 4
