KINGDOMS AND DOMAINS
SBI3U
TAXONOMY IS . . .
In order to DISCOVERING
describe and
classify a new NAMING
species, one must
compare them ORGANISM
with other DESCRIBING S
organisms.
CLASSIFYING
Used to better
understand
Recall…..
Linnaeus was known as the
« Father of Taxonomy »
He developed the binomial
nomenclature system in order to
simplify the classification of
organisms and make the
scientific names common
between all parts of the world.
Linnaeus gave consistency and
precision to describe
biodiversity.
Why use scientific names?
• So that it can be commonly used from
region to region. Common names tend
to vary.
• Using a single standard Latin name for
each species avoids any confusion
Recall…
• Each organism is classified based on taxons.
• The Taxa become increasingly more specific the
further along you go down the taxonomic groups.
King Philip Came Over For Good
Soup
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Classifying species
• When classifying species , scientists look
for similarities and differences
between organisms.
• When scientists look at similarities they
look at the organism’s cell type, cell
number and DNA sequence.
Characteristic 1: Cell types
PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC
CELL CELL
Characteristic 1: Cell type
PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC CELL
CELL
•Much smaller in size •Much larger in size
•No nuclear envelope •DNA is contained in
(DNA is free floating) a nucleus and
surrounded by a
nuclear enveloppe
•No membrane •Contains membrane
bound organelles bound organelles
Characteristic 2: Number of
Cells
Unicellular: single-celled
organisms
Multicellular: organism is
made up of more than one
cell.
Characteristic 3: Cell Wall
Material
•Organisms vary in terms of the material that
composes their cell wall.
•Depending on the material used, these species
will be classified into different domains and
kingdoms.
Peptidoglyca Cellulose
n Chitin
Characteristic 4: Nutrition
Autotrophs: organisms capture
energy from sunlight to
produce its own energy.
Autotroph
Heterotrophs: organism that gets
its
nutrients and energy
by consuming
other
organisms. Heterotroph
Characteristic 5:
Reproduction
Asexual: offspring arise from a
single parent, and inherit the
genes of that parent only
Sexual: genetic material of
two parents are combined to
create an offspring
Asexual
Reproduction
Domains
• The different cell types, forced scientists to
create a higher taxa than « kingdom » that
reflected these cell types.
• The higher taxa was known as «Domain »
• Prior to 1990, the domain was classfied into
two main groups « Bacteria and Eukarya ».
Domains
In 1990, a three-domain grouping was
proposed.
Scientists wanted to separate the Bacteria domain
into two main groups, « Archaea » and
« Bacteria ».
There were large differences between some
of the bacteria that enabled scientists to
categorize them into separate groups.
Nowadays, scientists
base their
classfication system
on this three-domain
grouping.
The Three Domains of Life
The Three Domains of Life
Kingdoms
Over many years, scientists have continuously
changed the way in which Kingdom taxa was
divided.
In the 1800’s scientists believed there were only
2 kingdoms 1) Plants 2) Animals.
Over time, as technology increased, scientists
began to learn new information that lead them
to subdivide kingdoms into 6 main groups.
Kingdoms
•The type and number
of cells for each kingdom
is different. This is one of
the primary distinctions
between each of these
groups.
•Scientists have also used
other information to
categorize these different
groups. (i.e. Nutrition,
method of
reproduction etc)
Kingdoms
