VERB
TENSES
Verbs : Word used to express an
action or state.
Tenses: describe an action along
with it’s time.
SUB – Subject: The part which
names the person or thing we are
speaking about .
TIME CAN BE OF
THREE TYPES
1. Present
2. Past
3. Future
TENSES ARE OF 4
TYPES
Tenses
Perfect
Simple continuous
Continuous Perfect
Time 3 X Tenses 4 = 12 types of
tenses
The structure of English
tenses (positive
sentences):
Subject + auxiliary verb + main
verb
Auxiliary Simple->do (for questions
and negatives – exception verb
Verb:
To Be)
Perfect-> have
Continuous-> be
Continuous Perfect->have
SIMPLE
PRESENT
We use this tense when:
something happens regularly, in the past,
present and future
the statement is always true
the actions is not only happening now
SUB + V1 (s/es)
Examples :
Suresh writes neatly.
Mona plays football. Uses
SIMPLE PAST
1) Hi Rahul . Where 2) I went to my village.
were you 4) Oh ! I enjoyed so
yesterday? much that I didn’t
3) Did you enjoy ? want to return.
Simple past tense describes an action
that took place at a time in the past.
SUB + V2 (see the underlined
verbs)
exercise on simple past
SIMPLE FUTURE
Lets go to a hill station It will be very cold.
next week. The snow is going to fall there.
Yes, all my friends Are your friends also going somewhere?
will go out of town .
Simple future describes an action which will take place at
a time in the future. : SUB + WILL/SHALL + V1
Eg. I shall play in the evening. (intention)
Brazil will win the match. (prediction)
Exercise on simple future
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
This tense describes actions which
continue or go on for some time in the
present
SUB + IS/AM/ARE + V1 + ING
Examples :
I am teaching grammar.
We are studying tenses.
Exercise on present continuous
PAST CONTINUOUS
This tense describes actions which
continued or were going on for some
time in the past.
SUB + WAS / WERE + V1 + ING
Examples :
Children were playing in the park yesterday .
I was sleeping when you called. (extra ‘gyan’)
Exercise on past continuous
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
This tense is used to describe actions
which continue for some time in the
future.
SUB + WILL / SHALL + BE + V1 + ING
Examples :
I shall be packing for the journey later.
Mridul will be coming home in the
evening.
Exercise on future continuous
PRESENT PERFECT
This tense is used for actions which start and finish in the
present time.
SUB + HAS / HAVE + V3
It is used in the following circumstances:
1. When an action is completed in the near present
or just now. Click on example to understand .
2. When an action started earlier and continued up till the
moment of speaking. Click on example to understand .
3. When an action happened earlier but its effect is there in the
present. Click on example to understand .
exercise on present perfect
Past perfect
This tense is used for actions that finished in the past ,but even before
another action in past only.
SUB + HAD + V3
Example : I had solved the sum when the class began.
sum solved class began now
_____|_________________|____________|
10 a.m. 10:30 a.m. 11 a.m.
past in past past present
<- time line - >
USE (click to understand)
FUTURE PERFECT
This tense is used for actions which
will finish by a certain time in future.
SUB + WILL / SHALL +HAVE + V3
Example : I shall have finished the
painting by Wednesday.
Sunday Tuesday wednesday
|---------------------|--------------------|
Time of speaking painting
finished
< ---------time line---------- >
exercise
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
This tense is used for actions which started
earlier and are going on in the present. (no
information about when they will finish is
given)
SUB + HAS / HAVE + V1 + ING
Example : I have been playing for two hours.
Click here to understand better
Past perfect continuous
This tense is used to
describe actions that
started at a time in the
past and continued for
sometime in the past
only.
SUB + HAD + BEEN +
V1 + ING
I had been working for
ten hours before leaving
the office.
Exercise on past perfect continuous
Future perfect continuous
This tense is used when before a
particular time in the future, an action
starts and continues after that time
also.
SUB + WILL / SHALL + HAVE + BEEN +
V1 + ING
Click here to understand
end show
YOUR ROUTINE
You go to school You study till 1
by bus. p.m.
You play in You sleep at 10
the evening. p.m.
PROVERBS
LIKES / DISLIKES All that glitters is not
gold.
HABITS
I study at 4P.M. in the
evening.
UNVERSAL TRUTHS
I LIKE RAINBOWS
The Sun rises in the East.
Back
Exercise on simple present
I ENJOY DANCING
USE OF PAST CONTINUOUS
Past continuous is also used to describe a
time period within which an action took place.
Example : Ramesh was studying when
Rohan returned.
Rohan returned
--------------------|---------------------------------------
< ---time period for which Ramesh was studying--->
back
Exercise on simple present
Describe your routine.
Example :
I get up at 5 in the morning . I reach
school by 7.30 and study till 1 P.M. in
the afternoon.
back
Exercise on simple past tense
Describe what you did yesterday with
second or past form of following verbs :
study
sleep
go
play help
back
Answer the following questions using the
structure of simple future tense :
1. What will you do in your holidays?
eg. I shall sleep a lot during my holidays.
2. Will you study a little bit?
3. Will you join some hobby classes ?
back
Use the following words and form
sentences of the actions going on in
the picture:
Subject : boy , bird , teacher
Exercise on present Verb : write , teach , fly
continuous back
EXERCISE ON PAST CONTINUOUS
This is a picture of the
party you attended
yesterday. Now describe to
your friend what was going
o n in the party.
Eg. Uncle Tom was
snoring in the middle of
the party.
back
Exercise
on
Future
continuous
Identify the use of simple future
and future continuous in the
paragraph given above.
back
Difference between simple future and future continuous
Simple future and continuous
Simple future describes Future continuous is
used when an action is
an action which will take
described in relation to
place in future. a future time around
Example : which that action will be
I will bake a cake in the going on.
evening. Example :
I shall study on Sunday. When you return, I will be
baking a cake.
Don’t come on Sunday as
I shall be studying .
back
I have completed the
answer just now.
back
Oh hello M r. Dubey ! I Oh yes. I got a job
have seen you after in Goa in 1997.
such a long time. We have lived there
Last time I saw you in
for ten years .
1997
back
A truck has hit my car
back
Exercise on present perfect
State whether correct or incorrect :
1) I have seen the Taj Mahal yesterday.
a) correct b) incorrect
2) She have gone just now.
a) correct b) incorrect
3) Puja is having a car.
a) correct b) incorrect
4) They have left just now.
a) correct b) incorrect back
started still continue
playing playing playing
|-----|-----------------------|---------------------- >
2 p.m. -> 4 p.m.
(time of speaking)
Use of since and for
exercise
back
BRAVO !
BACK
BACK
You have done it again !
back
Marvelous !
back
Oops!
‘ I have seen the Taj Mahal yesterday.’
Here ‘have seen’ refers to present time
and the word ‘yesterday’ to past and
both cannot come together in one
sentence.
The correct sentence is :
I have seen the Taj Mahal. Or
I saw the Taj Mahal yesterday.
back
Try again
‘She have gone to
Australia’
Along with singular third
person pronoun( she)
we use has and not
have
Correct sentence:
She has gone to Australia. BACK
BETTER LUCK NEXT TIME !
INCORRECT CORRECT
‘Puja is having a car’ ‘Puja has a car.’
In sentences related to
Possession
Having means the
Relationship
action of eating.
Health
has / have is used.
Eg :
back I have a book.
She has a brother.
WHY
?
BACK
7 Use
p.m.of past perfect tense Use of past perfect
Food 9 p.m.
9 p.m.
cooked
back
exercise
7 p.m.
Guests arrived
When there are two actions, both in past, then past perfect
tense is used to describe the action which took place first
and simple past tense is used to describe the action which
took place later.
Example : John had cooked (past perfect) the meal when the
guests arrived(simple past).
Exercise on past perfect
Join the sentences using past perfect tense:
Eg. I reached the station (8 a.m.). The train left (7: 50
a.m.)
Answer : The train had left when I reached the station.
• I completed the essay (10 a.m.). The bell rang (10:05 a.m.).
• The movie began (3 p.m.). Arun reached the theatre (3:30
p.m.) .
• The doctor arrived (5 a.m.). The patient died (4 a.m.).
back
Exercise on future perfect
Match the columns and make complete sentences :
1) W hen my parents a) Before the party
return begins
2) The cake will have b) Before we reach the
finished theatre
3) The movie will c) I shall have gone to
have begun sleep
4) In fifty years d) When the school
5) I shall have read reopens
the book e) Man will have made
homes on the Moon
back
Exercise on present perfect continuous
Rewrite the following sentences using
present perfect continuous along with since
or for :
Eg . Children are writing the answer.
began(9 a.m.) now (11 a.m.)
Children have been writing the answer for 2 hrs.
a) The workers are digging the road.
began(morning) now(?)
b) The company is constructing a bridge.
began(2005) now(?)
c) Rahul is painting. Began(2 p.m.) now(5p.m.)
back
Difference between since and for
SINCE FOR
Since is used when we For is used when we know
know only the point in the point when the action
time when the action began and the period for
began which it continued
Eg. Morning , Monday, Eg. Two hours, 10 days,century
1997 etc. It answers the following
It shows the time when
question
the action began For how much time did the
For example : action continue ?
I have been studying since Eg. I have been studying for
morning. five days.
Studied for how much
Studied for how much time? 5 days back
Time ? DON’T KNOW
With the help of the hints given form sentences using
past perfect continuous :
a) Cleaning – afternoon c) working on the
computer - Monday
b) Howling – 5 hours d) reading – ten days
back
The worker will have been digging the ground before
the vehicles start coming.
|--------|-------------------|---------------------------------------------- >
7 a.m. 9 a.m. Continues digging
starts digging vehicles after vehicles come
come
Exercise back
Exercise on future perfect
continuous
Join the hints to form complete sentences
1
a) I Running --- the race--- b) he finish
I shall have been running when he
finishes the race.
Click for next
2
a) Neeta sleeping b) we return
3
a) The teacher teaching ---the class----b) you reach
back
SUBJECT-VERB AGREMENT FOR SIMPLE PRESENT
PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL
1st person
(the person speaking)
Bare verb Bare verb
I play We play
2nd person
(the person spoken to)
Bare verb Bare verb
You play You play
3rd person
(the person spoken to)
Verb + s/es Bare verb
He/she/ it/ name plays
They play
back
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT FOR PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
PERSON VERB
1st person Am + verb + ing
I / we Am painting
2nd person Are + verb + ing
You Are
3rd person Is/are + verb +ing
He/she/ it/ they/ name He/she/it/name is
painting.
They are painting.
back
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT FOR PAST CONTINUOUS
Person Singular Plural
1st I was We were
2nd You were You were
3rd He/she/it/ They were
name was
back
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT FOR PRESENT
PERFECT
PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL
1ST I have We have
2nd You have You have
3rd He/she/it/ They have
name has
back
Thank
you !
