Manufacturin
g
Industries
Meaning of
Manufacturing :-
Production of goods in large scale
quantities by processing raw materials to
more valuable products is called
manufacturing.
Meaning of Industry :-
A group of organisations that produce or
supply goods, services or sources of
income. It includes all the economic
activities which are concerned with
converting the raw materials and
resources into useful goods.
Importance of
Manufacturing
● Helps in modernizing agriculture
● Eradicates unemployment and
poverty.
● Expands trade and commerce.
● Reduces dependence of people on
agricultural income.
Classification of
Industries
On the basis of source of raw materials
used:
1. Agro based - Based on
agricultural raw materials.
For example- Cotton Textile
Jute Textile
Sugar
Industry
2. Mineral based- Industries that use
mineral and metals as raw materials.
For example- Aluminum Smelting
Chemical Industry
Fertilizer Industry
Automobile Industry
Information
Technology(IT)
Electronics Industry
According to their main role:
• Basic or key industries are those which
supply their products as raw materials to
manufacture other goods e.g. iron and
steel and copper smelting, aluminum
smelting.
• Consumer industries that produce
goods for direct use by consumers –
sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing
machines, fans etc
On the basis of ownership:
• Public sector, owned and operated by
government agencies – BHEL, SAIL etc.
• Private sector industries owned and operated
by individuals or a group of individuals –TISCO,
Bajaj Auto Ltd. Dabur Industries.
• Joint sector industries which are jointly run by
the state and individuals or a group of
individuals. Oil India Ltd. (OIL) is jointly owned
by public and private sector. • Cooperative
sector industries are owned and operated by the
producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers
or both. They pool in the resources and share
the profits or losses proportionately. Such
examples are the sugar industry in Maharashtra,
the coir industry in Kerala.
AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES
Cotton, jute, silk, woollen textiles, sugar and edible
oil, etc. industries are based on agricultural raw
materials. Let’s know about each of them, one by
one.
Textile Industry
It is the only industry in India, which is self- reliant
and complete in the value chain i.e., from raw
material to the highest value added products.
It contributes to industrial production, employment
generation and foreign exchange earnings.
The first
successful textile
mill was set up in
Mumbai 1859
Cotton Textiles:
This industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton
boll pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing,
packaging, tailoring and sewing.
It supports many other industries, such as, chemicals and dyes, packaging
materials and engineering works.
The first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854.
• The two world wars were fought in Europe, India was a British colony.
There was a demand for cloth in U.K. hence, they gave a boost to the
development of the cotton textile industry.
In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the
cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Availability of raw
cotton, market, transport including accessible port facilities, labour,
moist climate, etc. contributed towards its localisation. This industry has
close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton boll
pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing,
designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing. The industry by creating
demands supports many other industries, such as, chemicals and dyes,
packaging materials and engineering works.
The handspun khadi provides large scale employment to weavers in
their homes as a cottage industry
India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods. Most of
the mills are located in West Bengal, mainly along the banks of
the Hugli river.
Factors responsible for their location in the Hugli basin are: proximity of
the jute producing areas, inexpensive water transport, supported by a
good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate
movement of raw material to the mills, abundant water for processing
raw jute, cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar,
Odisha and Uttar Pradesh. Kolkata as a large urban centre provides
banking, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.
SUGAR INDUSTRY The first jute
mill set up
India stands second as a world producer of sugar near Kolkata
but occupies the first place in the production of in 1855 at
Gur and Khandsari. The mills are located in Uttar Rishra
Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil
Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana
and Madhya Pradesh. Sixty per cent mills are in
Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
Industrial
Pollution and
Environmental
Degradation
Industries are responsible for four
type of pollution. They are:-
1. Air pollution
2. Water Pollution
3. Thermal and Land Pollution
4. Noise Pollution
Control of
Environmental
Degradation
1. Minimising activities which cause
environmental degradation and
promote the sustainable
development.
2. Treatment of wastes(3 R’s) .
3. More research on finding
alternatives.
4. Strict laws.
5. Public awareness.
