Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET)
Presentation
on
Presented by….
Shuvodip Mondal
Dept. of Chemistry,
KUET
What is Spectroscopy?
Spectroscopy is the Study of interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation
e.g., IR Spectroscopy is concerned with the study of absorption of infrared radiation, which causes vibrational
transition of bonds in molecules. So it is also called vibrational Spectroscopy .
IR Spectroscopy mainly used to identify the functional group, but also gives information
likes
No. of bond, Specific stereo-isomer, Atomic arrangement in the molecule.
What is Spectroscopy?
Spectroscopy is the Study of interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation
e.g., IR Spectroscopy is concerned with the study of absorption of infrared radiation, which causes vibrational
transition of bonds in molecules. So it is also called vibrational Spectroscopy .
Why NIR & FIR are not used in IR Spectroscopy???
IR
Region
Near IR Mid IR Far IR
Wave Length: 0.8 – 2.5 μm Wave Length: 2.5 – 5.0 μm Wave Length: 50 – 1000 μm
Wave number: 12,500 – 4,000 cm-1 Wave number: 4,000 – 200 cm-1 Wave number: 200 – 10 cm-1
Interfered with UV FIR is also closer to the radio-wave
radiation and gives extra region and sometimes bandly interact
IVCT band on IR spectra & formed extra unwanted band spectra
due to delocalization of on the IR spectrum.
electron
MIR is appropriate for the IR spectroscopy. Because it gives fully IR peak on IR spectrum.
So, We used 2.5 – 5.0 μm wavelength in IR Spectroscopy
Principle of IR Spectroscopy
When IR radiation interact with sample molecule, the sample molecule will absorb the specific
applied quantized IR light which is matched with the internal vibrational frequency of the
molecule and other residual frequencies are transmitted via the sample. Due to absorption of IR
radiation, the net change of dipole moment in molecule is occurred and causes vibration of bonds in
the molecule like Stretching and bending vibration. The transmitted light is detected by
the detector and IR spectrum interpreted on the computer screen by analysis of the
transmitted light.
IR Radiation
(Mid IR)
Sample Transmitted
Range: 4000 – 400 cm-1 (absorbs Specific frequency) Light
Position Change of Atoms in a
molecule due to net change of
dipole Moment
Change in amplitude of molecular
% 𝑜𝑓 𝑇
Vibration
Stretching & Bending Vibration Wave number, cm-
1
FIGURE: FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Working Function: The source energy strikes the beamsplitter and produces two beams of roughly the same
intensity. One beam strikes the fixed mirror and returns to the beamsplitter. The other beam goes to the moving
mirror. When these two beams meet up again at the beamsplitter, they recombine. The recombined beam
passes through the sample……..
Radiation source: NERST glower or Globar Source which produce Mid IR
Application of IR Spectroscopy
i. Identification of an organic compound
ii. Structure determinations
iii. Identification of functional group
iv. Studying the progress of reaction
v. Distinction between two types of hydrogen bonding
vi. Study of keto-enol tautomerism
vii. Study of Ciss-trans Isomerization
viii. Conformation analysis
ix. Determination of impurities in compound
x. Presence of water in sample
Limitations of IR
Spectroscopy
a. Can’t determine the molecular weight of the compound.
b. Doesn’t give information about the relative position of different functional
groups in a molecule.
c. From the single IR spectra of an unknown substance, it is not possible to know
whether it is pure compound or a mixture of compound.
d. Sample cells are made of halogen salts which are susceptible to moisture
e. Gas samples can’t be analyzed as the lack of sensitivity.
