CONFIGURATION OF DNS SERVER
DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM SERVER
Instructor: Ammara
DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM
DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) is a hierarchical and decentralized system used
to translate human-readable domain names (like www.example.com) into
machine-readable IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1 for IPv4 or 2001:db8::1 for
IPv6). This is a fundamental part of how the internet works, as it allows users
to access websites and other internet resources using easy-to-remember
domain names rather than having to memorize long numerical IP addresses.
DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM SERVER
DNS SERVER
A DNS server (Domain Name System server) is a crucial part of how the internet
works. It acts like a phonebook for the internet, translating domain names (like
www.example.com) into IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1), which computers need to
locate and communicate with each other.
Note : DNS server is like a directory that translates domain names into IP
addresses. Without DNS servers, we would have to memorize IP addresses instead
of domain names, making it difficult to browse the internet.
How DNS SERVER WORKS?
WHAT IS AN IP ADDRESS?
DNS
An IP address is like a home address on the internet. Just like you need a
home address to receive mail, every device on the internet needs an IP
address to send and receive data.
IPV4 AND IPV6
IP ADDRESSES
These addresses, 192.0.2.1 (IPv4) and 2001:db8::1 (IPv6), are examples of IP
addresses, which are unique numerical labels assigned to devices on a network, like
computers, smartphones, or servers. These addresses help the internet know where
to send data, like web pages or emails, to the correct destination.
IPV4
IP ADDRESS
IPv4 stands for "Internet Protocol version 4.“ It's the older and more familiar format
of IP addresses. It uses four groups of numbers (ranging from 0 to 255) separated
by dots. For example, 192.0.2.1.There are a limited number of IPv4 addresses
(about 4.3 billion), and because the internet grew so fast, we needed a new version
of IP addresses.
IPV6
IP ADDRESS
IPv6 is the "newer version" of IP addresses. It uses longer addresses made up of
letters and numbers, separated by colons, such as 2001:db8::1.This format allows
for many more unique addresses (trillions upon trillions) to support the growing
number of devices online.
WHY we need ipv6? What is the difference between
ipv4 and ipv6 with respect to their size of address
space, appearance and structure, exhaustion vs
expansion and transition between both of them?
HOME TASK
CONFIGURATION OF DNS
DNS SERVER AND CLIENT MACHINES
A DNS server is an essential building block of any network. It is a database that
translates an IP address into a human readable name in a forward lookup zone and
the reverse as well in a reverse lookup zone.
Client machines in a network refer to name servers who host a DNS to know which
machines are located at which IP address.
FORWARD LOOKUP ZONE
The Forward Lookup Zone (FLZ) is responsible for translating human-readable
domain names (like www.example.com) into their corresponding IP addresses (such
as 192.168.1.1).It is the most common function of a DNS server, allowing clients to
query DNS to resolve a domain name into an IP address, which is essential for
routing traffic on the internet or private networks.
For Instance, when a user types www.example.com in their browser, the DNS
queries the forward lookup zone to find the IP address of that domain, say
192.168.1.10, and directs the user to the appropriate server hosting that website.
REVERSE LOOKUP ZONE
The Reverse Lookup Zone (RLZ) does the opposite of the forward lookup zone. It
translates an IP address back into its corresponding domain name or hostname.
This is useful in network troubleshooting, security, and verification processes.
For example, if a network administrator knows the IP address of a device, they can
query the DNS server to find the associated domain or hostname.
NETWORK
CONFIGURATION
we are going to
assume you
already have the
following:
Microsoft
Windows Server
2019 installed on
a server.
You want to
connect two
client machines
with Microsoft
Windows 10
SERVER
CONFIGURATION
1. Configure
NETBIOS name
to server-eu
We start by
establishing
our server's
name to be
server-eu.
SERVER
CONFIGURATION
2. Configure
network to use
172.16.10.10
We will now
configure our
server's
network to be a
static IP
address of
172.16.10.10 so
that our client
will know which
NOTE
We are disabling
IPv6 because we
will only be using
IPv4 and we want
to make sure it
will not interfere
with our setup.
DNS
INSTALLATION
3. Install the DNS
Server.
Now that the
basic computer
configuration is
out of the way,
we can start
installing the
DNS Server.
DNS
INSTALLATION
DNS
INSTALLATION
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INSTALLATION
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INSTALLATION
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INSTALLATION
DNS
CONFIGURATION
4. Configure the DNS
Server.
Once the installation is
completed, we can start
configuring our DNS
zones.
4.1 Create our Primary
Forward Lookup Zone
This zone will take care
of translating client
names to IP addresses.
All records must be
part of a domain name.
We will be using eu-
DNS
CONFIGURATION
DNS
CONFIGURATION
Then finish , after final
summary.
DNS
CONFIGURATION
4.2 Create our Primary
Reverse Lookup Zone
This zone will take care
of doing the reverse. It
will translate IP
addresses to client
names.
DNS
CONFIGURATION
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4.3 Add our A record
We will now create an A
record that will bind
our server name server-
eu to the IP address
172.16.10.10.
DNS
CONFIGURATION
DNS
CONFIGURATION
Let's also create the A
records to point to our
two clients.
DNS
CONFIGURATION
CLIENT 1 AND 2
CONFIGURATION
It is now time to
integrate the two
client machines into
the network test our
DNS Server.
CLIENT 1 AND 2
CONFIGURATION
CLIENT 1 AND 2
CONFIGURATION
TESTING WITH
CLIENT 1
After configuring
client 1, we can test
the DNS configuration
to see if we're able to
resolve the A records
with nslookup. The
nslookup command is
used to query the DNS
(Domain Name
System) to get the IP
address associated
with a domain name.
TESTING WITH
CLIENT 1
We can see that
the records are
resolving to the
right IP addresses,
we can now ping
the server using its The ping command tests the network
FQDN instead of its connectivity to the DNS-resolved server
IP address after (server-eu.eu-new.lan at 172.16.10.10),
confirming that the server is reachable
allowing pings and responds to network requests.
through the
TEST WITH CLIENT
2 AFTER
CONFIGURATION
After configuring
client 2 to
use 172.16.10.201 a
nd use the name
of wks-2 with a DNS
suffix of eu-new.lan,
we can see that the
DNS records resolves
as well and we can
successfully ping the
server using its FQDN.
CONCLUSIO
N In this slides, we have learned how to
setup a proper DNS server on Windows
Server 2019 and integrate two client
machines running Windows 10 to the
network 172.16.10.0.
All devices are now part of the domain eu-
new.lan and are looking up the DNS server
for A records to resolve FQDN to IP
addresses and vice-versa.
