Recognizing binomial nomenclature used in scientific names (Slide 1; 2 points)
What is the binomial system of nomenclature?
The binomial system of nomenclature is a method of naming and organism where the organism is given a two-part
name with the first part of the name representing the genus and the second representing the species.
In the binomial system of nomenclature, which word is capitalized?
In the binomial system of nomenclature only the genus name is capitalized.
What type style is used when writing the binomial name of an organism? How do you show this type style when
hand-writing the name of the organism?
Binomial names of organisms are italicized, when handwriting and we don’t have the option to slant the words we
underline what we want to italicize.
Identify the genus and species in the following binomial name: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces is the genus and cerevisiae is the species
Robert Koch (Slide 2; 3.5 points)
Summarize his major contribution: Robert Kochs major contribution was proving that certain bacteria cause certain
disease. He is often considered the founder of bacteriology.
Define etiologic (Chapter 13). The word etiologic can be defined as something causing or contributing to the
development of a disease or condition.
Which pathogen and disease did he study? Robert Koch most popularly studied the pathogen tubercle bacillus that
was responsible for the disease tuberculosis.
List his four postulates (Chapter 13):
1. The microorganism must be found in diseased but not healthy individuals.
2. The microorganisms must be cultured from the diseased individual.
3. Inoculation of a healthy individual with the cultured microorganism must recapitulated the disease.
4. The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated diseased individual and matched to the original
microorganism.
Louis Pasteur: Swan neck flask experiment (Slide 3; 3.5 points)
What was his hypothesis?
Louis Pasteur's hypothesis was that microorganisms don’t spontaneously generate from nonliving matter but come
from pre-existing microorganisms present in the air. Which would get trapped in the curve neck of the flask and
prevent them from contaminating the broth inside.
Describe his experiment.
Louis put a broth in a swan neck flask and then boiled it to kill any microbes that could be present. He then let the
flask sit and the broth remained clear and free of microbes. The microbes were caught in the flask neck. The flask
was then tipped to allow the microbes to enter the broth and thus the broth discolored and spoiled.
What were his results?
The broth in the swan neck flask remained free of microbial growth while the flask with a straight neck became
contaminated with microbes.
What was his conclusion?
Louis Pasteur was able to conclude that life only arises form pre-existing life.
Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA in terms of Structure and Function (Slide 4;
3 points)
Type of nucleic acid List the sugar and Single- or double- What is the function?
bases present stranded?
DNA The sugar present is Double The function of DNA is to store genetic information and
called deoxyribose the function of RNA is to carry genetic information from
and the bases are DNA to ribosomes.
adenine, thymine,
cytosine, and guanine
RNA The sugar is called single mRNA: Carries genetic information from DNA in the cell
ribose and the bases nucleus to the cytoplasm where it builds proteins
are adenine, uracil,
tRNA: Carries amino acids to the ribosome based on the
cytosine, and guanine
codon sequence pn the mRNA
rRNA:catalyze the process of protein synthesis
Identify and Explain the Mutation Types (Slide 5; 2 points).
What type of mutation is shown in this example?
Explain your answer.
This would be an example of a Missense mutation because one amino acid changed into
another
Normal Mutant
DNA: TAC-GCT-TGT-TTT-CGT-TGA DNA: TAC-GCT-TGT-TTA-CGT-TGA
RNA: AUG-CGA-ACA-AAA-GCA-ACU RNA: AUG-CGA-ACA-AAU-GCA-ACU
Amino acid: Lysine amino acid: Asparagine
What type of mutation is shown in this example?
Explain your answer.
This is an example of a nonsense mutation because it changed the amino acid codon into a stop
codon
Normal Mutant
DNA: TAC-GCT-TGT-TTT-CGT-TGA DNA: TAC-ACT-TGT-TTT-CGT-TGA
RNA: AUG-CGA-ACA-AAA-GCA-ACU RNA: AUG-UGA-ACA-AAA-GCA-ACU
Amino acid: Arginine amino acid: Stop
Identify and Explain the Mutation Type (Slide 6; 1 point).
What type of mutation is shown in this example?
Explain your answer.
This Is an example of a Missense mutation since one amino acid changed into another
Normal Mutant
DNA: TAC-GCT-TGT-TTT-CGT-TGA DNA: TAC-GCT-TGT-TTT-GCG-TTG-A
RNA: AUG-CGA-ACA-AAA-GCA-ACU RNA: AUG-CGA-ACA-AAA-CGC-AAC-U
Amino acid: Alanine - Threonine amino acid: Arginine - Asparagine
