24EC102-DIGITAL LOGIC

DESIGN AND COMPUTER

ARCHITECTURE

I YEAR IT ‘C’/ I SEMESTER

By
Ms A Elakya, AP/EEE
To understand number systems, logic gates and boolean functions

To familiarize combinational and sequential logic circuits

To learn the basic structure and operations of a computer

To understand control unit design and memory organization

To discuss pipelining and parallelism and multicore architecture

To explore the I/O communication and interfacing

Implement logic circuits and simplify Boolean
functions [AP]
Analyze combinational and sequential logic
circuits[AN]

Interpret the design of control unit [U]

Illustrate cache memory and virtual

memory[AP]

Examine parallelism in multicore and hazards

in pipelining [AP]

Distinguish the different ways of communication with I/O

devices [U]
Course Syllabus
Module 1: DIGITAL LOGIC:
Number Systems - Boolean algebra – Minimization of Boolean Functions using
Karnaugh Maps – Implementation of Logic Circuits using Gates –
Combinational Logic: Adder, Subtractor, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, Encoders,
Decoders – Sequential Logic: Flip flops, Registers, Counters – Finite State
Machines
I N T R O D U C T I O N
T O D I G I T A L
C I R C U I T S
C O N T E N T:

Importance
Overview Basic Types of
and
of Digital Component Digital
Application
Circuits s Circuits
s
How Digital Real-world Challenges
Circuits Application and Future Activity
Work s Trends
OVERVIEW
OF
DIGITAL
CIRCUITS
D E F I N I T I O N : D I G I TA L
C I R C U I T S P R O C E S S
D I G I TA L S I G N A L S
 These circuits are the building
blocks of modern electronics,
dealing with binary information
• Analog vs. Digital: Distinct
characteristics
Understand the differences
between continuous analog
signals and discrete digital
signals
• Importance in modern electronics
OV E RV I E W O F Digital circuits form the
backbone of most electronic
D I G I TA L devices, driving technological
CI RCUI TS advancements
 Analog vs Digital

 Information in the real world is

continuous, like the sound of your voice
or the brightness of a light.
 Analog signals represent this continuous
information by constantly varying their
voltage or current over time. Imagine a
dimmer switch gradually adjusting the
OV E RV I E W O F brightness of a lamp.
 Digital signals, on the other hand,
D I G I TA L
represent information using discrete
CI RCUI TS values, typically 0 and 1. Think of a light
switch: it's either on (1) or off (0).
Analog vs Digital
 Analog vs Digital

Analog Digital

Continuous time varying voltages and/or Discrete signals sampled in time

currents
Basic elements of analog circuits: Basic elements of digital circuits:
Logic gates: AND, OR, NOT
Resistors
Capacitors
Inductors
Transistors

Two possible values

 0V, Low, false (Logic 0)
 5V, High, True (Logic 1)
 Advantages of Digital
System

 Relative ease of design

 Flexibility and functionality
 High speed
 Small size
 Low cost
OV E RV I E W O F  Low power

D I G I TA L  Steadily advancing technology

 Programmable logic devices
CI RCUI TS
I M P O R T A N C E
A N D
A P P L I C A T I O N S

I N T E G R A L PA RT O F
E L E C T R O N I C D E V I C E S
 Why Digital World ?

 Accuracy and Reliability: Digital signals

are less susceptible to noise and
interference, leading to precise and
dependable operation.
 Ease of Processing and Storage: Binary
data (0s and 1s) can be effortlessly
processed, stored, and transmitted,
I M P O RTA N C E making them ideal for the digital age.
 Scalability and Complexity: Digital
AND
circuits can be easily miniaturized and
A P P L I C AT I O N S integrated into complex systems, enabling
the development of powerful and compact
devices.
 AAPPPPLLI ICCAATTI IOONNSS--DDI IGGI ITTAALL CCI IRRCCUUI ITTSS

1 2 3
Computers and Explore the diverse range Discuss how the ubiquity
Processors: The heart of of applications that rely of digital circuits has
any computer, digital on digital circuits for transformed the way we
circuits perform functionality- live and work- The
calculations, manage data smartphones, enabling internet, Wi-Fi, and other
flow, and execute communication, communication
instructions. entertainment technologies utilize digital
• Impact on everyday life signals transmitted and
processed by digital
circuits
B A S I C
C O M P O N E N T S

I N T E G R AT E D C I R C U I T S

T R A N S I S T O R

LO G I C G AT E S : A N D ,
O R , N O T
BASIC COMPONENTS

01 02 03
Integrated Transistors: Logic Gates:
Circuits( IC’s)- Also • Act as electronic The fundamental
known as chips, they switches that control building blocks
contain millions or even the flow of current. responsible for
billions of microscopic • They can be in either
performing basic
transistors and other an ON state (high
logical operations
components current flow)
or OFF state (low on binary data (0s
interconnected on a and 1s).
single silicon chip. current flow).
GATES:
Microprocessors (MPUs) AND,OR,NOT
Memory chips (RAM,
ROM)
Integrated Circuits, Transistors, Logic
Gates
TYPES OF
DIGITAL
CIRCUITS

C O M B I N A T I O N A L C I R C U I T S :
I N S T A N T A N E O U S O U T P U T
B A S E D O N I N P U T
Digital Logic circuits- Types
H O W
D I G I TA L
C I R C U I T S
W O R K

B I N A R Y
R E P R E S E N TAT I O N : 0 S
A N D 1 S
H O W D I G I TA L C I RC U I T S W O R K

Boolean Algebra: Fundamental operations

Signal Processing: Flow of information through

circuits

Follow the journey of signals as they pass

through various components of digital circuits
Logic Gates
Logic Gates
Logic Gates
A N I M AT I O N S
U S I N G
G AT E S

A N I M A T E D P I C T U R E :
S H O W C A S I N G T H E
T R A N S I T I O N O F S I G N A L S
T H R O U G H B A S I C L O G I C G A T E S
 A N I M AT I O N S A N D V I S U A L S

Visuals: Demonstrate the logic gate operations Using

Animation

Verification and interpretation of truth table for

AND, OR, NOT virtually
Visualize the logic gate operations -AND
R E A L - W O R L D
A P P L I C A T I O N S

D I G I T A L C I R C U I T S I N
C O N S U M E R E L E C T R O N I C S
R E A L-W O R L D A P P L I C AT I O N S

Industrial applications

Medical devices and healthcare

C H A L L E N G E S
A N D F U T U R E
T R E N D S

C U R R E N T C H A L L E N G E S
I N D I G I T A L C I R C U I T
D E S I G N
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE TRENDS

Emerging technologies and trends

The future landscape of digital circuits

Envision the potential advancements and

innovations that may define the future of digital
circuits
ACTIVITY
LOGIC STATEMENT