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Classification

The document outlines the concepts of classification and taxonomy in biology, detailing Aristotle's early classification system and Linnaeus's binomial nomenclature. It introduces evolutionary classification and cladograms as modern methods for categorizing organisms based on evolutionary relationships rather than just physical similarities. Additionally, it describes the six kingdoms of life, their characteristics, and provides a complete classification example for humans.

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Ace Dominic Balido Alejandro
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20 views15 pages

Classification

The document outlines the concepts of classification and taxonomy in biology, detailing Aristotle's early classification system and Linnaeus's binomial nomenclature. It introduces evolutionary classification and cladograms as modern methods for categorizing organisms based on evolutionary relationships rather than just physical similarities. Additionally, it describes the six kingdoms of life, their characteristics, and provides a complete classification example for humans.

Uploaded by

Ace Dominic Balido Alejandro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Classification

Headings
Vocabulary
Important Words
CLASSIFICATION & TAXONOMY

Classification:
• grouping based on
similarities

Taxonomy:
• Branch of Biology
• The science of
classifying/groupin
g and naming of
organisms
Aristotle’s Classification
Scheme
• Greek philosopher who developed
first classification system
• Divided all organisms into 2
GROUPS:
1. Non motile (plants)
2. Motile (animals)
• Plants grouped by:
– size (small, medium, large)
• Animals grouped by:
Binomial Nomenclature
• A system for naming
organisms by structure
created by Linnaeus:
– Although Linneaus didn’t realize
it, by classifying organisms by
structure he was also
classifying them by evolutionary
relationship
• Written in Latin
• Includes the organisms :
• Genus: CAPITALIZED (noun)
– means beginning
• Species: lowercase (adj.)
Example: Homo (man) sapien
(wise/thinking)
Scientific & Common Names
Scientific Name:
• genus and species name
– Iguana iguana
– Felis domesticus
Common name:
• Organism is commonly
called
• Not used in the
scientific community
– Green Iguana
– Domestic Cat
The “New” Evolutionary
Classification
• Categories that
represent lines of
evolutionary descent
• Not just physical
similarities
• This new method is
called: Evolutionary
Classification
• Scientists classify
organisms based on
their Evolutionary
Cladograms

• A diagram that shows


evolutionary
relationships
• Cladograms are useful
tools
• Help scientists
understand how one
lineage branched from
another in the course of
evolution
Traditional Classification vs.
Cladogram
Evolutionary Decent:
Physical Similarities
Class
Appendages Conical Shells Crustaceans Gastropoda

Crab Barnacle Limpet

Molten
exoskeleton

Segmentation
Free-swimming
larvae
TRADITIONAL CLADOGRAM
CLASSIFICATION
Kingdoms
• Broadest of all taxa
• Grouped into
3 domains:
1. Bacteria –
• Eubacteria
2. Archae-
• Archeabacteria
3. Eukarya:
• Protista, Fungi,
Plantae, and
Characteristics of the 6
Kingdoms
1. Kingdom Eubacteria:
a. all microscopic
prokaryotes
b. almost all are unicellular
c. non-motile
d. commonly called bacteria

2. Kingdom Archaebacteria:
a. prokaryotes
b. live in extreme
environment
3. Kingdom Protista:
a. eukaryotes
b. uni and multicellular
c. live in moist
environments
d. most are simple,
microscopic & mobile
*Examples: paramecium,
4. Kingdom Fungi:
a. Eukaryotes
b. Uni and
Multicellular
c. Consumers that do
not move
d. Decompose dead
organisms &/or
waste products
*Examples:
mushrooms, molds, &
mildew
5. Kingdom Plantae:
a. stationary,
multicelluar
eukaryotes
b. Photosynthetic
c. Autotrophs
*(make own food)
*Examples: plants
6. Kingdom Animalia:
a. Multicellular
b. Consumers that eat
& digest other
organisms
(heterotrophs)
c. May be herbivores,
carnivores &
omnivores
*Examples: Animals
Complete Classification of
Humans
1. Kingdom: 5. Order: (Primates)
(Animalia)
2. Phylum: (Chordata)
6. Family:
• Dorsal nerve cord- (Hominid)
cartilage 7. Genus:
• Vertebrae
(Homo)
3. Subphylum: (Vertebrata)
4. Class:
8. Species: (sapien)
(Mammalia)

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