Module-3
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
(CIM):
Introduction to Manufacturing Systems:
Manufacturing systems refer to the combination of
people, equipment, policies, and procedures used
in the production of goods. The goal of a
manufacturing system is to efficiently produce
products with high quality, low cost, and flexibility.
1.Job-shop Manufacturing: Produces a variety of
products in small quantities, often customized.
2.Batch Manufacturing: Products are produced in
batches or groups, allowing for some flexibility.
3.Mass Production: Involves the production of large
volumes of standardized products.
4. Continuous Manufacturing: Often used in
industries like chemicals and oil refining, where the
process runs 24/7.
CIM integrates various manufacturing processes
with computer systems to enhance productivity,
quality, and flexibility. It includes technologies
like computer-aided design (CAD), computer-
aided manufacturing (CAM), robotics, and
material handling.
Material Handling Systems:
Material handling refers to the
movement, storage, control, and
protection of materials and products
throughout the manufacturing process.
Effective material handling systems
improve production efficiency and reduce
operational costs.
1.Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV):
• They follow predefined paths and can transport materials
from one location to another without human intervention.
They are equipped with sensors, lasers, or cameras for
navigation.
• Advantages: Reduced labor costs, improved safety, and
efficient transportation.
• Applications: Used in industries like automotive
manufacturing, warehouses, and distribution centers.
(See video)
•AGVs are mobile robots used for the automated
transportation of materials within a manufacturing plant or
warehouse.
1.Robots:
1.Industrial robots are programmable machines
that can perform repetitive tasks, such as
assembly, welding, painting, or packaging.
1.Types: Articulated robots (with multiple joints),
SCARA robots (with a rigid arm), Cartesian robots (with
linear motion), and delta robots (used in high-speed
operations).
2.Advantages: Improve precision, reduce human error,
increase productivity, and perform tasks in hazardous
environments.
1.Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS & RS):
1.AS/RS are used to automatically store and retrieve
materials from storage locations.
1.Components: Typically includes cranes, conveyors, and
automated racks that move vertically and horizontally
within a warehouse.
2.Advantages: Space efficiency, quick retrieval, reduced
manual labor, and improved inventory control.
3.Applications: Commonly used in warehouses, distribution
centers, and manufacturing facilities.
Group Technology and Cellular Manufacturing:
1.Group Technology (GT):
1.Group Technology is a manufacturing
philosophy that focuses on organizing
production into groups of similar products,
allowing for efficient handling, tooling, and
scheduling.
2.The idea is to group products based on
similarities in their design or manufacturing
processes, making it easier to optimize
operations.
3.Benefits: Reduced lead times, improved quality
control, and better resource utilization.
1.Cellular Manufacturing:
1.Cellular Manufacturing is a layout strategy where
machines and workstations are arranged in a cell to
produce a family of similar products.
2.Each cell is dedicated to a specific group of products and
operates semi-autonomously, reducing material
handling time and costs.
3.Benefits: Improved flow, reduced inventory, faster setup
times, and enhanced flexibility.
Flexible Manufacturing Systems
(FMS):
1.Definition:
1.FMS is a system that allows manufacturers to produce a wide
variety of products with minimal manual intervention. It uses a
combination of computerized controls, automated machines, and
flexible material handling systems to adapt to changing production
requirements.
2.The system consists of workstations, automated machines, and a
central computer for control and coordination.
2.Components:
1.Machines: CNC machines or other automated machines capable
of performing multiple tasks.
2.Material Handling: Automated systems (like AGVs) that move
materials between workstations.
3.Central Computer: Coordinates the entire system and adjusts
production schedules and machine operations based on demand.
1.Advantages:
1.Flexibility: Can handle small batch sizes and varying production orders
without significant downtime or reconfiguration.
2.Improved Quality: Automation ensures consistent performance and
quality.
2.Applications:
1.FMS is commonly used in industries like automotive, aerospace, and
consumer electronics, where the production of a variety of products is
required with minimal downtime and fast changeovers.
2.Efficiency: Reduces waste, downtime, and setup times by automating
tasks.
