Sentence
• A sentence is a group of words that are put together to
mean something.
• A sentence is the basic unit of language which expresses
a complete thought.
• Four kinds of sentences:
Simple sentence
Compound sentence
Complex sentence
Compound-complex sentence
Sentence
Simple sentence
A simple sentence contain subject-verb pair. The subject tells who or
what did something. The verb tells the action such as (play, work,
think, jump, etc) or condition (is, was, seem, appear)
Example :
•Diana has watched that movie many times
•My mother and I cook a cake
•The film entertained and thrilled audience everywhere
•Ilham and Dzaky researching some papers and journals together
Sentence
Compound sentence
A compound sentence is two or more
independent clauses joined together
Example :
•They watch TV and I read a novel
Sentence
Compound sentence
Three ways to make a compound sentence
• with coordinator
Example :
I want to speak english fluently, so I have to practice everyday
- seven coordinators (linking)
FANBOYS = for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Sentence
Compound sentence
• With conjunctive adverb
I want to to speak fluently; therefore, I have to pactice everyday
Punctuation note :
Put a semicolon (;) before and a comma (,) after the conjunction adverbs when
you are using them to form compound sentence
-Common conjunctive adverb
Also, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, as well, too, however,
nevertheless, nonetheless, still, on the other hand, in contrast, otherwise,
accordingly, as a result, consequently, hence, therefore, thus, for example, for
Sentence
Compound sentence
• with semicolon
Example :
I want to speak english fluently; I have to practice everyday
This kind of compound sentence is possible only when the
two independent clauses are closely related in meaning. If
they are not closely related, they should be witten as two
simple sentences, each ending with a period.
Sentence
Complex sentence
A complex sentence contain one independent clause, and one
dependent clause. The dependent clause is introduced by
either a subordinate conjunction (for an adverbial clause) or a
relative pronoun (for an adjectival clause)
There are two common dependent clauses which used in
forming complex sentence:
1. Complex sentences with adverb clause
2. Complex sentence with adjective clause
Sentence
Complex sentence – with adverb clause
•An adverb clause acts like an adverb, that is, it tells
where, when, why, or how
•An adverb clause begins with a subordinator, such as
when, while, because, if, that
•It can come before or after an independent clause.
Sentence
Complex sentence – with adverb clause
•Example:
Although they love each other, they can not live together
(Adverb) (How)
He bought a new car when he was 25 years old.
(Adverb) (when)
Note punctuation words :
- Use comma if dependent clause goes BEFORE independent clause
- Do not use comma if dependent clause goes AFTER independent clause
Sentence
Complex sentence – with adjective clause
•An adjective clause acts like an adjective, that
is, it is describes a noun or pronoun.
•An adjective clause begins with a relative pronoun, such as
who, whom, whose, that, or with relative adverb, such as
where or when
Sentence
Complex sentence – with adjective clause
•Example:
The students were failed. => independent clause
The students who are plagiarized in their assignment were failed
(dependent adjective clause)
The students who are plagiarized in their assignment were failed
(complex sentence)
Sentence
Compound-complex sentence
A compound-complex sentence has at least three clauses:
one compound sentence which consist of two independent
clauses) and one or more dependent clause (s)
Example :
Referencing is an essential feature of academic writing, so
the students should use the university resources that assist
them to achieve the required skills
Sentence
Compound-complex sentence
A compound-complex sentence has at least three clauses:
one compound sentence which consist of two independent
clauses) and one or more dependent clause (s)
Example :
Referencing is an essential feature of academic writing, so
the students should use the university resources that assist
them to achieve the required skills
Sentence
Compound-complex sentence
A compound-complex sentence has at least three clauses:
one compound sentence which consist of two
independent clauses) and one or more dependent clause
(s)
Example :
Because I worked hard, I got an A on the test and I was so
happy.
Sentence
Compound-complex sentence
A compound-complex sentence has at least three clauses:
one compound sentence which consist of two
independent clauses, and one or more dependent clause
(s)
Example :
Because I worked hard, I got an A on the test and I was so
happy.
Practice
With your group, create two simple sentence,
two compound sentence, two complex
sentence, and six compound-complex sentence!
