CHAPTER 2
INTELLECTUAL
REVOLUTION
THAT DEFINED
SOCIETY
• In science and technology, Intellectual
Revolution refer to series of events that led to;
- the emergence of modern
science
- and more current scientific
thinking across critical periods in
history.
COPERNICAN
REVOLUTION
NICOLAUS COPERNICOS
(1473 – 1543)
- a Mathematician and Astronomer
- proposed that sun is stationary and
is the center of the universe and
Earth revolved around it.
- Copernicus Heliocentric model of
the universe – the distance of the
planets form the sun bare a direct
relationship to the size of their
orbits. – initiator of the Scientific
Revolution.
Benefits derived from Copernicus Concept
[Link] benefits, opportunities for sustainable growth
and job creation in Europe.
[Link]`s Copernicus Programmed uses accurate and
timely data from satellites and other sources to provide
key information services;
(a) to improve the way the environment is managed;
(b) to help mitigate the effects of climate change;
(c) to enable the creation of new applications and services
for citizens and businesses;
(d) to safeguard everyday lives.
Benefits derived from Copernicus Concept
3. The Copernicus Sentinels Serving Society and
Environment Conference brought together a variety of
political institutions and European Scientific
organizations.
4. Copernicus concept has importance in European
research and development by accessing them for free
under the open data policy
DARWINIAN
REVOLUTION
CHARLES DARWIN
- theory of evolution
- Darwin is a genius who came from a
line of intellectually gifted and wealthy
family
- developed 2 natural evolution theories
1. The Origin of Species (1589) - this
book presented evidence on how
species evolved over time and presented
traits and adaptation that differentiate
species.
2. The Descent Man (1871) – this
book introduced the idea of all organic
life, including human beings, under the
realm of evolutionary thinking.
Benefits derived from Darwin Concept
• In biological science, it sheds light on fossils and vise versa.
Biologist have learned about what it is that makes a species thrive
and how ecosystems and species become extinct because of natural
selection.
• In psychology, evolution make sense. We do what we do, and think
how we think because of that innate drive in our society.
• In application to cutting edge technology, “Ecological Niche
Modeling” – determines the likelihood of an organism surviving in
particular ecosystem. Invasive species like dandelions, rats, nice,
python, zebra, mussels) affect ecosystem. The species that survived
the invasion events were those that could live in diverse
environment and were less ecologically specialized.
FREUDAN
REVOLUTION
- Born on May 6, 1856 was an
Austrian physician who
emphasized the role of
psychoanalysis in dealing with
personality
- 3 aspects of personality- levels
of mind, levels of personality &
psychosexual stages of
development.
Concious Mind - (lowest level) consists
of our thoughts, desires and wishes
which we are aware of or can be
recalled at any time.
Preconcious Mind - Located between
the unconscious and conscious mind.
Consist of experiences that we are
not aware of but are made conscious
by simply focusing on them.
Unconscious Mind - (sub-conscious) the highest
level of mind that contained repressed urges,
thoughts, memories and wishes which are
disturbing and threatening.
3 STRUCTURES OF PERSONALITY
ID Animalistic nature of man (MAKAHAYOP)
Destructive and pleasure-seeking structure of
personality.
It is where the sex urge (libido) is present.
EGO (self) the human nature of man (MAKATAO)
It builds; it acts according to laws and morals.
Controls the ID and acts as mediator between
the superego and ID.
SUPEREGO (conscience) (MAKA-DIYOS)
Strives for perfection
Always be good and honorable
Freud`s Psychosexual Stages Of
Development
method of psychoanalysis -
observational method to gather
reliable data to study human’s inner
life.
- scientific way to study human mind
and neurotic illness
Information Technology is
the use of computers,
storage, networking and
other physical devices,
infrastructure and
processes to create,
process, store, secure and
exchange all forms of
electronic data.
Typically, IT is used in the context of business operations, as
opposed to the technology used for personal or entertainment
purposes.
How is information
technology beneficial
for education, yourself
and businesses?
MESOAMERICAN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• Mesoamerica includes the entire area of Central America from Southern
Mexico up to the border of South America. There is no doubt that the
Mesoamerican region is rich in culture and knowledge prior to the
arrival of its European colonizers.
Mayan Civilization is one of the famous civilizations
that lasted for approximately 2,000 years.
•These people are known for their works in
Astronomy.
•They are also famous as one of the world’s
first civilizations to use a writing system
known as the Mayan hieroglyphics.
Inca Civilization is also famous in Mesoamerica.
The Incas made advanced scientific ideas
considering their limitations as an old civilization.
contributions:
roads paved with stones
stone buildings that surmounted earthquakes and other disasters;
irrigation system and technique for storing water for their crops to
grow in all types of land
calendar with 12 months to mark their religious festivals and prepare
them for planting season;
quipu, a system of knotted ropes to keep records that only experts
can interpret
Aztec Civilization has also made substantial
contributions to science and technology and to the
society as a whole.
Contributions
1. Mandatory Education. The Aztec put value on
education; that is why their children are mandated
to get education regardless of their social class,
gender, or age. It is an early form of universal or
inclusive education.
2. Chocolates. The Aztec in Mexico developed
chocolate during their time. In the Mayan culture,
they used it as currency. The Aztec valued the
cacao beans highly and made it as part of their
tribute to their Gods.
3. Antispasmodic medication. They used a type of
antispasmodic medication that could prevent muscle
spasms and relax muscles, which could help during
surgery.
4. Chinampa. It is a form as Aztec technology for
agricultural farming in which the land was divided into
rectangular areas and surrounded by canals.
5. Aztec calendar. This enabled them to plan their
activities, rituals, and planting season.
6. Invention of the canoe. A light narrow boat used
for traveling in water systems.
