Elementary One

Session 1
Introduction

This session covers various
English verb tenses, focusing on
the present and past tenses,
including their applications and
common usage in everyday
conversation. We will also
examine the pronunciation of
vowel sounds to enhance clarity
in communication.
 01
Tenses
Overview
Present Simple
•
The present simple tense describes
habitual actions, general truths, and
fixed arrangements.

•
It uses the base form of the verb and
is commonly employed to discuss
routines and facts.


•
For third-person singular subjects, an
's' is typically added to the base form.
 1. Present Simple Uses:
1. Routines and habits: Actions that are repeated regularly.
(Habits)
• Ex.: “She drinks coffee every morning.”
2. Facts and general truths: Things that are always true. (Facts)
• Ex.: “The sun rises in the east.”
3. Scheduled events: Often used for timetables or schedules,
especially future ones. (Timetables)
• Ex.: “The train leaves at 7 pm.”
4. Opinions, feelings, and states: To express likes, dislikes, or
feelings.
• Ex.: “I love reading.”
5. Commenting on present actions, like football matches.
• Ex.: “Salah passes the ball to Ahmed. Ahmed pushes Sayed, and the
referee blows his whistle and gives a yellow card to the defender.
 Form of Present Simple:
He / She / It / Singular Nouns + verb + s :
• She works at school.
• Ahmed studies four hours a day.
I / We/ You / They / Plural Nouns + verb:
• We respect the elders.
• Children play a lot.
Verb to be with Present Simple
I + am+ adjective / Noun :
• I am Egyptian. * I am Nader.
He / She / It / Singular Nouns + is + adjective / Noun :
• She is smart. * She is Sara.
We / You / They / Plural Nouns + are + adjective / Noun :
• We are smart. * We are students
 Negative with Present Simple:

1) Negative with verb to be:

Subject + (am / is / are) + not + (Adjective / Noun):
(He / She / It / I / We / You / They) + (am / is / are) + not + (Adjective
/ Noun:
• I am not Egyptian.

2) Negative with verb to do:

Subject + (does / do) + not + verb:
(He / She / It / I / We / You / They) + (does / do) + not +
verb
• I do not play football.
 Interrogative / Questions with Present
Simple:
1) Wh-Questions :
Wh-word + auxiliary verb (am/is/are/do/does) + Subject + main verb
+ Compliments
• What is your name?
• Why are you sad?
• Where do you play football?

2) Yes / No Questions :
Auxiliary verb (am/is/are/do/does) + Subject + main verb +
Compliments
• Is your name Ahmed?
• Are you sad?
Past Simple

•
The past simple tense expresses
completed actions that occurred at a
specific time in the past.

•
Regular verbs form the past by adding
-ed, while irregular verbs vary and
must be memorized.

•
It is commonly used for storytelling
and recounting experiences.
 2. Past Simple Uses:
1. Completed actions in the past: Actions that started and
finished in the past.
• Example: “She visited her grandparents last weekend.”

2. Series of completed actions: To describe a sequence of

past actions. (Story)
• Example: “I woke up, brushed my teeth, and went to
work.”

3. Past habits: To talk about regular actions or routines in

the past.
• Example: “When I was a kid, I played outside every day.”
 Form of Past Simple:
With Regular Verbs:
He / She / It / I / We / You / They / Singular or Plural Nouns + verb + ed
:
• She studied Math yesterday.
• The Children played football last week.
With Regular Verbs:
He / She / It / I / We / You / They / Singular or Plural Nouns + various
changes of verbs
• We went shopping last Monday.
• My sister read a book two days ago.
Verb to be with Past Simple
I / He / She / It / Singular Nouns + was + adjective / Noun :
• My teacher was happy at the last lecture. * I was sick yesterday.
We / You / They + are + adjective / Noun :
Negative with Past Simple:

1) Negative with verb to be:

Subject + (was / were) + not + (Adjective / Noun):
(He / She / It / I / We / You / They) + (was / were) + not +
(Adjective / Noun):
• I wasn’t cold yesterday. * Ahmed was not at school last week.
• My books weren’t at my bag two days ago.
2) Negative with verb to do:
Subject + did + not + verb:
(He / She / It / I / We / You / They) + did + not + verb
• I did not play football in the morning.
• They didn’t do their homework last week.
Interrogative / Questions with Present Simple:
1) Wh-Questions :
Wh-word + auxiliary verb (was / were / did) + Subject + main verb +
Compliments?
• What did you ask the teacher this morning?
• Why were you absent yesterday?
• Where were you play football?

2) Yes / No Questions :
Auxiliary verb (was / were / did) + Subject + main verb +
Compliments?
• Was Ahmed at the match yesterday?
• Were you sad last Monday?
Exercise: Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use
the Simple Present or the Simple Past.

1. They ………… to Italy last summer. (to go)

2. I always …………. ketchup with my spaghetti. (to have)
3. She ………….. her uncle yesterday. (to visit)
4. Ben often …………….. to Tim. (to talk)
5. They ……….. in front of the computer every
evening. (to sit)
6. She ………….. tea at 5 o'clock on Saturdays. (to have)
7. They …………. their holidays two weeks ago. (to like)
8. Toby never ………….. his room. (to clean)
9. Sidney …………… a famous YouTuber in 2020. (to
meet)
10. I sometimes ………………… to the office. (to walk)
Exercise: Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use
the Simple Present or the Simple Past.

1. They went to Italy last summer. (to go)

2. I always have ketchup with my spaghetti. (to have)
3. She visited her uncle yesterday. (to visit)
4. Ben often talks to Tim. (to talk)
5. They sit in front of the computer every evening. (to sit)
6. She has tea at 5 o'clock on Saturdays. (to have)
7. They liked their holidays two weeks ago. (to like)
8. Toby never cleans his room. (to clean)
9. Sidney met a famous YouTuber in 2020. (to meet)
10. I sometimes walk to the office. (to walk)
1.The Polish team _____ the last 6.He _____ many poems when he was at
football match in Warsaw. school.
A. won A. know
B. win B. knows
2.What time _____ you get up C. knew
yesterday? 7.We usually _____ supper at half past eight.
A. did A. had
B. do B. have
3.They _____ many funny jokes. . 8.She _____ badly last night.
A. know A. sleep
B. knows B. sleeps
C. knew C. slept
4.How many lectures on economics 9.We _____ a pearl necklace yesterday on the
_____ you usually have? beach.
A. do A. found
B. did B. find
5.The farmers _____ grain in March. . 10.She _____ Swedish well.
A. sow A. speak
B. sowed B. spoke
C. speaks
 6. He _____ many poems when he was at
1. The Polish team _____ the last
school.
football match in Warsaw.
A. know
A. won
B. knows
B. win
C. knew
2. What time _____ you get up
7. We usually _____ supper at half past eight.
yesterday?
A. had
A. did
B. have
B. do
8. She _____ badly last night.
3. They _____ many funny jokes. .
A. sleep
A. know
B. sleeps
B. knows
C. slept
C. knew
9. We _____ a pearl necklace yesterday on
4. How many lectures on economics
the beach.
_____ you usually have?
A. found
A. do
B. find
B. did
10. She _____ Swedish well.
5. The farmers _____ grain in March.
A. speak
A. sow
B. spoke
B. sowed
C. speaks
 Fill in the blanks with an appropriate tense form.
1- Dad …………………. tea in the 4- ……………………… a Sci-fi movie
morning, but today he ………………. yesterday.
coffee. A. watch
A. drinks, drank B. watched
B. drinks, drinks 5- …………………………… my phone
C. drank, drinks while I was on vacation in Greece.
2- All children ……………….. Love. C. lose
D. need D. losed
E. needed E. lost
F. needs 6- She ……… gently to the child when
3- …………………… a strange dream he was angry.
yesterday. F. speaks
G. have G. spoke
H. had
 Fill in the blanks with an appropriate tense form.
1- Dad …………………. tea in the 4- I …………………………… a Sci-fi
morning, but today he ………………. movie yesterday.
coffee. A. watch
A. drinks, drank B. watched
B. drinks, drinks 5- I …………………………… my phone
C. drank, drinks while I was on vacation in Greece.
2- All children ……………….. Love. C. lose
D. need D. losed
E. needed E. lost
F. needs 6- She ……… gently to the child when
3- …………………… a strange dream he was angry.
yesterday. F. speaks
G. have G. spoke
H. had
7- Plants …………………. Carbon dioxide 10- Money ……………………… on
and release Oxygen. trees.
A. absorb A. do not grow
B. absorbed B. does not grow
8-Kind words ……………. Others happy. C. did not grow
C. make 11- They ……………………… the car
D. made to pay off the loan.
9- Birds ……………………… in the sky. D. sold
E. fly E. sell
F. flies F. had sold
G. flew 12- She ……….. Me a story the other
day.
G. tell
H. told
I. has told
7- Plants …………………. Carbon dioxide 10- Money ……………………… on
and release Oxygen. trees.
A.absorb A. do not grow
B. absorbed B. does not grow
8-Kind words ……………. Others happy. C. did not grow
C. make 11- They ……………………… the car
D. made to pay off the loan.
9- Birds ……………………… in the sky. D.sold
E. fly E. sell
F. flies F. had sold
G. flew 12- She ……….. Me a story the other
day.
G. tell
H.told
I. has told
Complete in the past form:

1.__________ [you / go] to the shop this morning.

2.__________ [they / play] a board game.

3.__________ [my son / not / study] for the exam.

4.__________ [the band / rehearse] every day this week.

5.__________ [I / plan] to be home by six!

6. When __________ [you / travel] to France

Complete in the past form:

1. You went [you / go] to the shop this morning.

2. They played [they / play] a board game.

3. My son did not study [my son / not / study] for the exam.

4. The band rehearsed [the band / rehearse] every day this

week.

5. I planned [I / plan] to be home by six!

6. When did you travel [you / travel] to France

 02
Progressive
Tenses
Present
Vs. Past
Continuou
s
Present Progressive

The present progressive tense
indicates ongoing actions
happening at the moment of
speaking. Constructed using
'am/is/are' + verb-ing, it
highlights activities that are
currently in progress. It can also
express future plans or
arrangements.
 2. Present Progressive:
1. Actions happening now: Actions that are occurring at
this exact moment.
• Example: “She is talking on the phone right now.”

2. Temporary actions: Actions happening around now, but

not permanently.
• Example: “I am living with my friend while my house is
being renovated.”

3. Future arrangements: Planned actions for the near

future.
• Example: “We are meeting with the manager tomorrow.”
 Form of Present Progressive:
He / She / It / I / We/ You / They / Singular Nouns / Plural
Nouns + am / is / are + verb + ing :
• She is studying at school at the moment.
• Ahmed is working on a big project.
• We are travelling to Aswan.
• Children are watching a movie .
Negative with Present
Progressive:
He / She / It / I / We/ You / They / Singular Nouns / Plural
Nouns + am / is / are + not + verb + ing :
• She is not studying at school at the moment.
• Ahmed is not working on a big project.
• We are not travelling to Aswan.
• Children are not watching a movie .
 Interrogative / Questions with Present Progressive:
1) Wh-Questions :
Wh-word + auxiliary verb (am/is/are) + Subject + verb + ing + Compliments?
• What are you doing?
• Why are you running fast?
• Where are you playing football?
• How is she feeling today?

2) Yes / No Questions :
Auxiliary verb (am/is/are) + Subject + verb + ing + Compliments?
• Am I talking too fast?
• Are we finishing soon?
• Is it raining outside?
Past Progressive


The past progressive tense
conveys actions that were
ongoing in the past. Formed
using 'was/were' + verb-ing, it
emphasizes the duration of an
activity in relation to another
past event. It is often used to
set the scene in narratives.
 4. Past Progressive:
1. Ongoing action interrupted by another action: An
action that was happening when another action occurred.
• Example: “I was studying when she called.”

2. Setting the scene: To describe background activities or

ongoing situations in a story.
• Example: “The sun was setting, and birds were
singing.”

3. Two simultaneous past actions: To talk about two

actions happening at the same time in the past.
• Example: “While I was cooking, he was watching TV.”
 Form of Past Progressive:
He / She / It / I / We/ You / They / Singular Nouns / Plural Nouns +
was / were + verb + ing:
• She was studying at school last week while I was playing football.
• Ahmed was working on a big project when I called him.
• We were watching a movie while we were travelling to Aswan.

Negative with Past Progressive:

He / She / It / I / We/ You / They / Singular Nouns / Plural Nouns +
was / were + not + verb + ing:
• She was not studying at school when I called her.
• Ahmed was not working on a big project when I visited him.
• We were not watching a movie while we were travelling to Aswan.
• Children were not watching a movie was cooking dinner.
 Interrogative / Questions with Past Progressive:
1) Wh-Questions :
Wh-word + auxiliary verb (was / were) + Subject + verb + ing +
Compliments?
• What were you doing at 8 pm?
• Why were you running fast?
• Where were you playing football yesterday?
• How was she feeling?

2) Yes / No Questions :
Auxiliary verb (was / were) + Subject + verb + ing +
Compliments?
• Were I talking too fast yesterday?
• Were you watching TV?
• Was he working late?
Complete the following sentences using an appropriate present
continuous or past continuous tense form.
1. What ………………….. (you do) at 6 o’clock yesterday evening?
2. They ………………….. (wait) for the bus when the accident
happened.
3. She …………………. (get) impatient.
4. The boys …………………. (play) in the garden.
5. It …………………. (rain) cats and dogs.
6. I …………………… (revise) my lessons now.
7. Somebody ………………….. (knock) at the door.
8. We …………………… (wait) for the guests to turn up.
9. The students …………………. (shout) slogans outside the campus.
10. The birds …………………… (fly) in the sky.
11. John and Sandra ………………….. (expect) their first child.
Complete the following sentences using an appropriate present
continuous or past continuous tense form.
1. What did you do (you do) at 6 o’clock yesterday evening?
2. They were waiting (wait) for the bus when the accident happened.
3. She is getting (get) impatient.
4. The boys are playing (play) in the garden.
5. It is raining (rain) cats and dogs.
6. I am revising (revise) my lessons now.
7. Somebody is knocking (knock) at the door.
8. We are waiting (wait) for the guests to turn up.
9. The students are shouting (shout) slogans outside the campus.
10. The birds are flying (fly) in the sky.
11. John and Sandra are expecting (expect) their first child.
 Fill in the blanks with a present or past continuous tense.

1- I ............... a movie when the 4- Where are the kids?’

lights went out. ‘They............. in the garden.’
A. am watching A. are playing
B. was watching B. were playing
2- I .............. dinner when the 5-We.............. for them to come.
guests arrived. C. are still waiting
C. am preparing D. were still waiting
D. was preparing 6-The guests............... in the lobby.
3- I................ now. E. are waiting
E. am writing F. were waiting
F. was writing
 Fill in the blanks with a present or past continuous tense.

1- I ............... a movie when the 4- Where are the kids?’

lights went out. ‘They............. in the garden.’
A. am watching A.are playing
B. was watching B. were playing
2- I .............. dinner when the 5-We.............. for them to come.
guests arrived. C. are still waiting
C. am preparing D. were still waiting
D.was preparing 6-The guests............... in the lobby.
3- I................ now. E. are waiting
E. am writing F. were waiting
F. was writing
7- It................. We cannot go out now. 10- I.............. for the bus when the
A. is raining accident took place.
B. was raining A. am waiting
8- The students .............. for their exam. B. was waiting
C. are preparing 11- I............... in Mumbai at that
D. were preparing time.
9- The mother............... for the child to C. am living
return. D. was living
E. is waiting 12- I................ when the phone
F. was waiting rang.
E. am sleeping
F. was sleeping
7- It................. We cannot go out now. 10- I.............. for the bus when the
A.is raining accident took place.
B. was raining A. am waiting
8- The students .............. for their exam. B. was waiting
C. are preparing 11- I............... in Mumbai when I
D. were preparing first met him.
9- The mother............... for the child to C. am living
return. D.was living
E. is waiting 12- I................ when the phone
F. was waiting rang.
E. am sleeping
F. was sleeping
https://wordwall.net/resource/29956520/ingl%c3%a9s/present-simpl
e-or-present-continuous
 03
Vowel
Sounds
 Phonics: Vowels
 Vowel sounds allow the air to flow freely whereas the consonant sounds are
produced by restricting the air flow.

 Vowel sounds are divided in two categories (short & long sounds).
 ‘Short’ vowel sounds: They are the sounds typically found in
words like "cat," "bed," "sit," "hot," and "cup”.
 ‘Long’ vowel sounds: They are pronounced the same way as their
names. For example, the "a" in "cake" is a long vowel because it
sounds like the letter "A".
Short Vowels
•
Short vowels are fundamental sounds
that are uttered quickly and distinctly.

•
They are typically found in closed
syllables and include the sounds for
letters such as 'a' in 'cat', 'e' in 'bed',
'i' in 'sit', 'o' in 'hot', and 'u' in 'cup’.

•
Mastering short vowels is essential for
clear pronunciation and effective
communication.
Long Vowels
•
Long vowels are pronounced for a longer
duration compared to their short counterparts,
typically characterized by a specific spelling.

•
Examples include the 'a' sound in 'cake', 'e' in
'see', 'i' in 'time', 'o' in 'hope', and 'u' in
'unicorn’.

•
Recognizing long vowels contributes to better
reading comprehension and verbal clarity.
All words in the English language have at least one vowel
sound in them so the written version must have at least
one vowel letter in it.
 Long Short
…………. ………
……….. ….
……….. ………..
……… ………..
……….. ………
…...… ………..
…...…
 Short Long
smile laud stop lid
stay bite cat mug
bone stain still pill
pray mule lad sun
rule ……….. bug ………..
pie …...… mud …...…
 https://wordwall.net/resource/2609703/short-or-long-use-the-co
rrect-vowel-sound

https://www.spellingplay.co.uk/planning-and-resources/year-2/lear
ning-new-words-and-revisiting-phonics/long-or-short

https://wordwall.net/resource/66483269/long-and-short-
vowels/long-or-short-vowel
Thank you!
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