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Lesson 3 - Inputoutput

This chapter covers the basics of input and output (I/O) streams in C++, explaining how data is received from input devices and sent to output devices. It introduces the standard input and output streams, cin and cout, and emphasizes the importance of including the iostream header file. Additionally, it provides an exercise to calculate the volume of an object based on mass and density.

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Benzo 007
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16 views11 pages

Lesson 3 - Inputoutput

This chapter covers the basics of input and output (I/O) streams in C++, explaining how data is received from input devices and sent to output devices. It introduces the standard input and output streams, cin and cout, and emphasizes the importance of including the iostream header file. Additionally, it provides an exercise to calculate the volume of an object based on mass and density.

Uploaded by

Benzo 007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INPUT/

OUTPUT
In this chapter, you will:

Learn what a
Explore how to
stream is and
read data from
examine input
the standard
and output
input device
streams
I/O Streams and Standard I/O
Devices
• A program performs three basic operations: It gets data, it
manipulates the data, and it outputs the results.
• Various I/O operations can greatly enhance the flexibility of your
programs.
• In C++, I/O is a sequence of bytes, called a stream, from the
source to the destination.
• The bytes are usually characters, unless the program requires
other types of information, such as a graphic image or digital
speech.
I/O Streams and Standard I/O
Devices
• Therefore, a stream is a sequence of characters from the
source to the destination. There are two types of streams:
• Input stream: A sequence of characters from an input
device to the computer.
• Output stream: A sequence of characters from the
computer to an output device.
• Recall that the standard input device is
I/O usually the keyboard, and the standard
output device is usually the screen.

Streams • To receive data from the keyboard and send


output to the screen, every C++ program

and must use the header file iostream.


• This header file contains, among other

Standard things, the definitions of two data types,


istream (input stream) and ostream
(output stream).
I/O • The header file also contains two variable
declarations,one for cin (pronounced ‘‘see-
Devices in’’), which stands for common input, and one
for cout (pronounced ‘‘see-out’’), which
stands for common output.
I/O Streams and Standard I/O
Devices

To use cin and


cout, every C++
#include
program must use
<iostream>
the preprocessor
directive:
• In C++, cout sends formatted output to
standard output devices, such as the
C++ Output screen. We use the cout object along with
the << operator for displaying output.
• Note: If we don't include the
using namespace std; statement,
C++ Output we need to use std::cout
instead of cout.
• In C++, cin takes formatted
input from standard input
C++ Input devices such as the keyboard.
We use the cin object along with
the >> operator for taking input.
C++ Taking Multiple Inputs
• Write a program that accepts as
input the mass, in grams, and
density, in grams per cubic
EXERCISE centimeters, and outputs the
volume of the object using the
formula: volume = mass / density.

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