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Classification of Urban Roads
The document classifies and describes different types of urban roads: expressways for heavy, fast traffic between major locations; arterial streets for heavy intra-city traffic along expressways; sub-arterial streets with less traffic than arterials; collector streets that connect local streets to arterials; and local streets for access to properties. It also discusses common urban road patterns like rectangular, radial, grid, and hexagonal patterns. Finally, it compares key aspects of roadways and railways, noting that roads have lower construction and maintenance costs and more flexibility than railways but also higher accident rates and lower load capacity.
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Classification of Urban Roads
- 1. Classification of UrbanRoads 1. Expressways 2. Arterial Streets 3. Sub-Arterial Streets 4. Collector’s Streets 5. Local Streets
- 2. Expressways • For Speedyand heavy traffic • Pedestrians not allowed • Connect main markets, important places • Complete separation of opposite moving traffic by a divider or median • Level crossings, sharp curves, steep gradients avoided • Telephone facility, Highway Police, Servicing Stations, Refreshment Facility available at regular intervals
- 3. Arterial Streets • Forthe heavy/important traffic inside the city • Usually along the expressways serving as principal network of traffic flow • Join central business district with outside residential areas • Parking, loading, unloading prohibited • Pedestrians are allowed to cross only at intersections
- 4. Sub-Arterial Streets • Lesstraffic than arterial streets • Pedestrians are allowed to cross only at intersections • Spacing varies from 0.5 km in central business areas to 3 to 5 km in residential area. • Parking, loading, unloading usually restricted and controlled
- 5. Collector’s Streets • Meantfor collecting the traffic from local streets to arterial streets • Full access allowed from properties alongside • Situated in residential, commercial, industrial areas • Few parking restrictions except for peak hours
- 6. Local Streets • Openaccess from residents, business or other properties • Does not carry large volume of traffic • Unrestricted parking and pedestrians allowed
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- 9. Radial (Star) andBlock Pattern
- 10. Radial (Star) andCircular Pattern
- 11. Radial (Star) andGrid Pattern
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- 14. Sr. No. Pointof Comparison Roadways Railways 1 Type of traffic Cars, bikes, trucks, lorries, buses, etc. Goods & passenger trains 2 Width of right of way More Less 3 Tractive resistance More Less 4 Special operational devices Not required Required 5 Rate of accidents More Less 6 Cost of Construction & maintenance Low High 7 Suitability to hilly areas Suitable Not suitable 8 Load carrying capacity Low High 9 Distance of travel Short Long 10 Gradients & curves Steep gradients & sharp curves can be provided Only smooth gradients or curves should be provided 11 Requirement of skilled labour for construction & maintenance Not required Required Comparison between Roadways & Railways:
- 15. Roads becoming Popular… •1951- Rail: Road Passenger Transport Proportion was 62:38 • 1981- Rail: Road Passenger Transport Proportion became 20:80 • At a time, Railway needs 2000 tonnes for economical transport • At a time, Road transport can be a truck or group of many. One truck carries just 10 tonnes.
- 16. • Timings incase of Railways are fixed where they are flexible in case of road transport • The monopoly of Government is not present in Road transport • Suitable for personal travel • Cost of Construction- Roadways- Rs. 15-25 Lakhs/km, Railways- Rs. 30-60 Lakhs/km • Cost of Maintenance- Roadways- Rs. 10,000 to 15,000 /km, Railways- Rs. 1-2 Lakhs/km. Roads becoming Popular…