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2D-Matrix Input Control A specialized input control used primarily in complex applications to simultaneously modify multiple related parameters by drawing a complex curve. Interaction with this control typically occurs by clicking on a point on an existing curve, then dragging that point to a new location. 2D matrices are useful when there are two parameters that depend on each other (such as lumi
Summary: Whether scroll fading is more distracting than usable depends on the following factors: its persistence, responsiveness, and how sparingly it is applied to elements on the page. When used right, this design pattern can improve brand perception, optimize page loading, and make content more digestible. Introduction Scroll fade is a new design pattern. It refers to an animation that is trigg
Summary: Cookie permissions need to follow the law and strike the balance between respecting user privacy and being user-friendly. With the increase in regulation around data protection, companies must give users more control over data privacy by providing options for cookie permissions. The question becomes how to effectively give users clear and simple choices without confusing or frustrating th
Summary: Dark mode is popular, but not essential. Users like dark mode but maintain similar behaviors without it. They think about it at the system level, not the application level. If you choose to support dark mode, test your design to avoid common dark-mode issues. Dark mode is more popular than ever. You might even think it’s essential — at least if you were to read many of the web-design arti
Summary: A skeleton screen is used as a placeholder while users wait for a page to load. This progress indicator is used for full page loads and reduces the perception of a long loading time by providing clues for how the page will ultimately look. A skeleton screen is a design pattern used to indicate that a page is loading while providing users with a wireframe-like visual that mimics the layout
Top 10 UX Articles of 2022 Announcements December 24, 2022 The following user-experience articles published in 2022 were the ones our audience read the most: Data Tables: Four Major User Tasks Table design should support four common user tasks: find records that fit specific criteria, compare data, view/edit/add a single row’s data, and take actions on records. UX Strategy: Definition and Componen
Summary: Unsure where to start? Use this collection of links to our articles and videos to learn about some principles of human psychology and how they relate to UX design. Bringing psychology and technology together is at the heart of UX design because UX is people. However, you do not need a degree in psychology to understand the basics of how humans function. Most psychological principles that
Summary: Infinite scrolling minimizes interaction costs and increases user engagement, but it isn’t a good fit for every website. For some, pagination or a Load More button will be a better solution. Infinite scrolling is a listing-page design approach which loads content continuously as the user scrolls down. It eliminates the need for pagination — breaking content up into multiple pages. Nike.c
Summary: Effective storytelling involves both engaging the audience and structuring stories in a concise, yet effective manner. You can improve your user stories by taking advantage of the concept of story triangle and of the story-mountain template. “We need a story that starts with an earthquake and works up to a climax.” This is a quote attributed to Sam Goldwyn, a Hollywood movie producer. Eve
Summary: Among high-legibility fonts, a study found 35% difference in reading speeds between the best and the worst. People read 11% slower for every 20 years they age. A large new study of the best fonts for online reading is ultimately disappointing, because it doesn’t answer the most burning question: what font should you use for your website? But it still provides many intriguing findings, inc
The following user-experience articles published in 2021 were the ones our audience read the most: The 6 Levels of UX Maturity Our UX-maturity model has 6 stages that cover processes, design, research, leadership support, and longevity of UX. Use our quiz to get an idea of your organization’s UX maturity. Mapping User Stories in Agile User-story maps help Agile teams define what to build and maint
Summary: Our UX-maturity model has 6 stages that cover processes, design, research, leadership support, and longevity of UX. Use our quiz to get an idea of your organization’s UX maturity. UX maturity measures an organization’s desire and ability to successfully deliver user-centered design. It encompasses the quality and consistency of research and design processes, resources, tools, and operatio
Summary: A survey of people in user experience and product management shows that these professionals disagree on who should be responsible for many key tasks, like doing discoveries and early design. Over the years, we have encountered scores of cases where it was unclear whether a task or deliverable was the responsibility of product management (PM) or user experience (UX). As UXers, we have ofte
Summary: A design system is a set of standards to manage design at scale by reducing redundancy while creating a shared language and visual consistency across different pages and channels. As UI design has evolved over the years, the scale and speed at which UI screens must be created has also increased. Not only are there millions of applications and billions of websites (with more created each y
Summary: Visually aesthetic designs use consistent typography, establish a clear hierarchy, utilize a refined color palette, and align to a grid. Visual details like fonts, colors, and alignment create a usable experience and express brand traits (such as friendliness or reliability). It’s easy to look at a design and notice it looks good. It’s often much harder to pinpoint why it looks good. In t
Summary: On–off controls that switch between two different system states need to clearly communicate to users both the current state and the state the system will move to, should the user press that control. In a recent WebEx meeting with a client, I panicked thinking that I couldn’t turn my microphone on. I was supposed to give a 6-hour presentation — how was I going to do it if I couldn’t even u
Summary: Carefully examine the user’s context, task at hand, and next steps when deciding whether to open links to documents and external sites in the same or a new browser tab. Since 1999, it's been a firm web-usability guideline to refrain from opening new browser windows for several reasons. All of these also apply to opening new browser tabs and are still valid today: More windows or tabs incr
Summary: The caret icon most clearly indicated to users that it would open an accordion in place, rather than linking directly to a new page. For good reasons, accordions are a popular UI element today: on mobile, they are an essential tool because they collapse content and make page length manageable, but even on desktop, they mitigate visual complexity and allow users to focus on the content mos
Summary: The practice of Research Operations (ResearchOps) focuses on processes and measures that support researchers in planning, conducting, and applying quality research at scale. ResearchOps is a specialized area of DesignOps focused specifically on components concerning user-research practices. ResearchOps (ReOps): The orchestration and optimization of people, processes, and craft in order to
Summary: Testing finds that Chinese and Western users experience the same difficulties with complex sites, but Chinese tend to complain less about complexity and prefer fairly high information density. Foreigners often say that Chinese websites are overly complex and busy in their design. However, since they usually can’t use the sites — not being able to read Chinese — such impressions, formed pu
Summary: In spite of an increase in Internet speed, webpage speeds have not improved over time. 23 years ago, the internet was quite different from the one we use today. Google didn’t exist yet, fewer than 20% of U.S. households had internet access, and those who did were using a dial-up connection. It’s no wonder that people complained about slow speeds on every website we tested back then, becau
Summary: Our latest research on UX careers looks into specialization, explores unique backgrounds of practitioners entering the field, and details the skills and responsibilities needed to work in UX today. We recently published the 2nd edition of our User Experience Careers report, 7 years after the 1st edition was published. Our report is free and a gift to the UX community. The 2nd edition is b
Summary: Looking back at findings from a series of eyetracking studies over 13 years, we see that fundamental scanning behaviors remain constant, even as designs change. The more things change, the more they stay the same. We recently published the 2nd edition of our How People Read Online report, almost 15 years after the 1stedition was published. Looking back over the findings from the 5 eyetrac
Summary: Clear signifiers and clear feedback at all stages of the interaction make drag–and–drop discoverable and easy to use. Drag–and–drop has been around since the dawn of GUIs and is familiar to most users. It is a type of direct manipulation, particularly useful for grouping, reordering, moving, or resizing objects. It works as follows: As with all direct-manipulation interactions, items of i
Summary: In people with normal vision (or corrected-to-normal vision), visual performance tends to be better with light mode, whereas some people with cataract and related disorders may perform better with dark mode. On the flip side, long-term reading in light mode may be associated with myopia. Introduction Recently, spurred by the introduction of dark mode in IOS 13, a reporter asked me to comm
Summary: Despite substantial improvements in mobile UX over the past decade, people still tend to do their most important online activities on larger screens. Since the iPhone was introduced in 2007, mobile usability has made tremendous strides: we use our phones to do a wide variety of tasks. In fact, according to Pew Internet, in 2019 17% of Americans depended on their mobile phone as their onl
Aesthetic-Usability Effect Users’ tendency to perceive attractive products as more usable. People believe that things that look better will work better — even if they aren’t actually more effective or efficient. Related article: The Aesthetic-Usability Effect Related video: The Aesthetic Usability Effect and Prioritizing Appearance vs. Functionality Brightness The proportion of light versus dark c
Summary: 3 methods for increasing UX quality by exploring and testing diverse design ideas work even better when you use them together. This is an updated version of an article written by Jakob Nielsen in 2011. There's no one perfect user-interface design, and you can't get good usability by simply shipping your one best idea. You have to try (and test) multiple design ideas. Iterative design, par
Summary: Carousels on touch screens are plagued by low discoverability and sequential access, and not all designs implement swipe as a carousel control. Introduction On desktop, the carousel has always been a popular way to stick multiple pieces of content on the front page without taking up too much space. On mobile, carousels increased in popularity when the iPad was first introduced. (Original
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