Construction of 5.

00mts span culvert

Name of the work:-Approach Road to ST Colony from R&B Road and

improvements to Foot path bridge across drain near
[Link] ST Colony in Narasapuram(M)
 Construction of 5.00mts span culvert

he work:-Approach Road to ST Colony from R&B Road and

improvements to Foot path bridge across drain near
[Link] ST Colony in Narasapuram(M)
 Design Philosophy:-

The design of 1V-- 5.37m right span culvert is carried as per the procedure out lined
below:-

Step1:-

The design discharge was fixed after arriving discharge based on the following methods:-

[Link] per the hydraulic particulars furnished by the Irrigation department

[Link] Area-Velocity method using Manning's equation for arriving at the flow velocity
and area by considering actual cross-section of the channel.

Step2:-

[Link] particulars like HFL,OFL are obtained from Irrigation department.

[Link] of deck level was fixed based on HFL and road formation levels on both sides.
The vertical clearence and afflux are verified.

[Link] calculations are done for fixation of ventway.

[Link] scour depth with reference to HFL was calculated using Lacey's equations

[Link] arriving at the Maximum scour depth,bottom level of the foundation was fixed
below the maximum scour depth

Step3:-

After arriving at bottom of deck level,bottom of foundation level and required

ventway,the dimensions of the bridge are finalised.

The structural components are desined in the following manner:-

[Link] per the recommendations of IRC 6:2000,IRC class A live load required for bridges
and culverts of medium importance is selected.

[Link] combination is selected as per IRC 6:2000

[Link] on the trial pit particulars and soil test reports,type of foundation was selected.

[Link] structural components like Abutment,raft foundation are

designed as per the guide lines given in relevent IRC codes.

[Link] deck slab is proposed as per the MOST drawing [Link] 1-74&BD 2-74

[Link] dirt wall is proposed as per the drawings given in Plate No.7.25 of
IRC:SP20-2002(Rural roads manual)
 Design of Abutments

I)Design Parameters:-

Clear Right Span = 5.00m

Deck slab length = 5.740m

Width of the carriage way = 5.50m

Thickness of deck slab as per MOST [Link] 1-74 = 0.450m

Thickness of wearing coat = 0.075m

Height of railing = 1.200m

Thickness of dirt wall = 0.30m

Sectional area of dirt wall = 0.340sqm

Thickness of RAFT footing = 0.50m

Height of abutments = 1.985m

(As per hydralic calculations)

Top width of abutments = 0.690m

Bottom width of abutments = 1.50m

Sectional area of abutment section = 2.174sqm

Bank side batter of abutment = 0.810m

Stream side batter of abutment = 0.000m

Width of 1st footing = 1.80m

Thickness of 1st footing = 0.40m

Canal side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment = 0.15m

Bank side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment = 0.15m

Width of 2nd footing = 1.95m

Thickness of 2nd footing = 0.40m

Canal side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment = 0.30m

Bank side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment = 0.15m

Width of 3rd footing = 0.00m

Thickness of 3rd footing = 0.00m

Canal side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment = 0.00m

Bank side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment = 0.00m

Width of VRCC RAFT footing = 6.85m

Thickness of VRCC RAFT footing = 0.50m

Type of bearings = No bearings proposed

Unit weight of RCC (yrc) = 25KN/cum

Unit weight of PCC (ypc) = 24KN/cum

Density of back fill soil behind abutments (y) = 18KN/Cum

Unit weight of water (yw) = 10KN/Cum

Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material(Q) = 30

Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(In = 67.84

degrees)(in clock wise direction)(a)
Slope of back fill (b) = 0

Angle of wall friction (q) = 15

Height of surcharge considered (h3) = 1.20m

Road crest level (RTL) = 2.200m

Low bed level (LBL) = 0.090m

High flood Level (HFL) = 1.090m

Bottom of foundation level (BFL) = -1.910m
Safe Bearing Capacity of the soil (SBC) = 6.00t/sqm
 Compressive strength of concrete for RCC Raft footing = 25.00N/sqmm
(fck)
Yield strength of steel (fy) = 415.00N/sqmm
Cover to reinforcement = 50.00mm

II)General loading pattern:-

As per IRC:6---2000,the following loadings are to be considered on the bridge or slab

culvert:-

[Link] load
[Link] load
[Link] load
[Link] load
[Link] current
[Link],braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings
[Link]
[Link] pressure
[Link] force
[Link] pressure force

As per clause 202.3,the increase in permissible stresses is not permissible for the
above loading combination.

III)Loading on the slab culvert for design of abutments:-

[Link] Load:-

i)Self wieght of the deck slab = 177.58KN

ii)Self wieght of dirtwall over abutment = 46.75KN

iii)Self weight of wearing coat = 29.60KN

253.93KN

There is no need to consider snow load as per the climatic conditions

Self wieght of the abutments upto bottom most footing based on the preliminary
section assumed:-

iv)Self wieght of the abutment section = 286.97KN

v)Self wieght of top footing = 95.04KN

vi)Self wieght of 2nd footing = 102.96KN

vii)Self wieght of 3rd footing = 0.00KN

viii)Self wieght of 4th footing = 0.00KN

484.97KN

W1 W1
 W1 W1

ix)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment w.r.t base of abutment

[Link] Description Load in KN Distance of centroid of load from toe of Moment

abutment

1 Back 106.1181 0.96 101.87

batter(W1)

2 Centre 180.7938 0.345 62.37

portion(W2)

3 Front 0 0 0
batter(W3)

286.9119 164.24

Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 0.57m

Eccentricity wrt centre of base of abutment = 0.180m

x)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment&1st footing w.r.t bottom of 1st footing

[Link] Description Load in KN Distance of centroid of load from toe of 1st Moment
footing

1 Back batter 106.1181 1.11 117.79

2 Centre portion 180.7938 0.495 89.49

3 Front batter 0 0 0

4 1st footing 95.04KN 0.9 85.54

381.9519 292.82

Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 0.77m

Eccentricity wrt centre of 1st footing= 0.130m

xi)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment,1st&2nd footings w.r.t bottom of 2nd footing
 [Link] Description Load in KN Distance of centroid of load from toe of 2nd Moment
footing

1 Back batter 106.1181 1.26 133.71

2 Centre portion 180.7938 0.645 116.61

3 Front batter 0 0.3 0

4 1st footing 95.04KN 1.050 99.79

5 2nd footing 102.96KN 0.975 100.39

484.9119 450.5

Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 0.93m

Eccentricity = 0.045m

xii)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment,1st&2nd footings w.r.t bottom of 2nd footing

[Link] Description Load in KN Distance of centroid of load from toe of 3rd Moment
footing

1 Back batter 0 1.26 0

2 Centre portion 0 0.645 0
3 Front batter 0 0.3 0
4 1st footing 0 0.75 0
5 2nd footing 0 0.68 0
6 3rd footing 0 0.00 0
0 0

Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 0.00m

Eccentricity = 0.000m

[Link] Load:-

As per clause 201.1 of IRC:6--2000,the bridges and culverts of medium importance

are to be designed for IRC Class A loading.

GENERAL IRC Class-A loading Pattern

1.10 3.20 1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00

6.8t
6.8t
6.8t
11.4t

6.8t
2.7t
2.7t

11.4t

1.80
 The IRC Class A loading as per the drawing is severe and the same is to be considered as per
clauses 207.1.3&207.4

Y
475

11.4t

11.4t

5000 Portion to be loaded 6380

with 5KN/m live
load

6.8t

5500
X
2925 3525

The ground contact area of wheels for the above placement,each axle wise is
given below:-

Axle load Ground Contact Area

(Tonnes) B(mm) W(mm)

11.4 250 500

6.8 200 380
2.7 150 200

Assuming 0.475m allowance for guide posts/kerbs and the clear distance of vehicle from

the edge of guide post being 0.15m as per clause 207.1,the value of 'f' shown in the figure will

be 0.625m

Hence,the width of area to be loaded with 5KN/m2 on left side is (f) = 0.625m

Similarly,the area to be loaded on right side (k) = 3.525m

4.15m

The total live load on the deck slab composes the following components:-

[Link] loads----Point loads 296.00KN

[Link] load in remaing portion(Left side)----UDL 17.94KN

[Link] load in remaing portion(Right side)----UDL 101.17KN

415.11KN

Resultant live load:-

Eccentricity of live load w.r.t y-direction(Along the direction of travel of vehicles)

Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t y-axis

 [Link] Wheel Distance from Y-axis Moment
Load/UDL in
KN

1 57 0.875m 49.88KNm

2 57 0.875m 49.88KNm

3 57 2.675m 152.48KNm

4 57 2.675m 152.48KNm

5 34 0.875m 29.75KNm

6 34 2.675m 90.95KNm

7 17.9375 0.313m 5.61KNm

8 101.1675 4.688m 474.22KNm

415.105 1005.23KNm

Distance of centroid of forces from y-axis

= 2.422m

Eccentricity = 0.803m

Eccentricity of live load w.r.t x-direction(At right angle to the travel of vehicles)

Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t x-axis

[Link] Load in KN Distance from X-axis Moment

1 57 6.005m 342.29KNm

2 57 6.005m 342.29KNm

3 57 4.805m 273.89KNm

4 57 4.805m 273.89KNm

5 34 0.505m 17.17KNm

6 34 0.505m 17.17KNm

7 17.94KN 3.190m 57.22KNm

8 101.17KN 3.190m 322.72KNm

415.105 1646.62KN

Distance of centroid of forces from x-axis

= 3.967m

Eccentricity = 0.777m

Y Location of Resultant

2422
 2422

3967

Calculation of reactions on abutments:-

Reaction due to loads Ra = 258.11KN

Reaction due to point loads = Rb = 157.00KN

Hence,the critical reaction is Ra = 258.11KN

The corrected reaction at obtuse corner = 258.11KN

Assuming that the live load reaction acts at the centre of the contact area on the abutment,

300
205

300

565
490
490

The eccentricty of the line of action of live load at bottom of abutment = 0.565m

----do----on top of 1st footing = 0.565m

----do----on top of 2nd footing = 0.490m

The eccentricity in the other direction need not be considered due to high section modulus in transverse
direction.

[Link] of vehicles:-

As per Clause 211 of IRC:6--2000,impact allowance shall be made by an increment

of live load by a factor 4.5/(6+L)

Hence,the factor is 0.383

Further as per clause 211.7 of IRC:6--2000,the above impact factor shall be only

50% for calculation of pressure on piers and abutments just below the level of bed [Link]

is no need to increase the live load below 3m depth.

As such,the impact allowance for the top 3m of abutments will be 0.1915

For the remaining portion,impact need not be considered.

[Link] load:-

The deck system is located at height of (RTL-LBL) 2.11m

The Wind pressure acting on deck system located at that height is considered for design.

As per clause 212.3 and from Table .4 of IRC:6---2000,the wind pressure at that
hieght is=

59.48 Kg/m2.

Height of the deck system = 1.725

Breadth of the deck system = 6.34

The effective area exposed to wind force =HeightxBreadth =

Hence,the wind force acting at centroid of the deck system = 3.26KN

(Taking 50% perforations)

Further as per clause 212.4 of IRC:6---2000 ,300 Kg/m wind force is considered to be

acting at a hieght of 1.5m from road surface on live load vehicle.

Hence,the wind force acting at 1.5m above the road surface = 16.50KN

The location of the wind force from the top of RCC raft footing = 5.11m

[Link] current force:-

Water pressure considered on square ended abutments as per clause 213.2 of

IRC:6---2000 is

P = 52KV2 = 39.78 Kg/m2.

(where the value of 'K' is 1.5 for square ended abutments)

For the purpose of calculation of exposed area to water current force,only 1.0m

width of abutment is considered for full hieght upto HFL

Hence,the water current force = 0.84KN

Point of action of water current force from the top of RCC raft footing = 3.61m

[Link],braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings:-

The breaking effect of vehicles shall be 20% of live load acting in longitudinal

direction at 1.2m above road surface as per the clause 214.2 of IRC:6--2000.
 As no bearings are assumed in the present case,50% of the above longitudinal

force can be assumed to be transmitted to the supports of simply supported spans resting on

stiff foundation with no bearings as per clause [Link] of IRC:6---2000

Hence,the longitudinal force due to braking,tractive or frictional resistance of

bearings transferred to abutments is

41.51KN

The location of the tractive force from the top of RCC raft footing = 4.81m

[Link] :-

As per clause 216.4 of IRC:6---2000,for abutments or piers of shallow depth,the

dead weight of the abutment shall be reduced by wieght of equal volume of water upto HFL.

The above reduction in self wieght will be considered assuming that the back fill
behind the abutment is scoured.

For the preliminary section assumed,the volume of abutment section is

i)Volume of abutment section = 11.96Cum

ii)Volume of top footing = 3.96Cum

iii)Volume of 2nd footing = 4.29Cum

iv)Volume of 3rd footing = 0.00Cum

v)Volume of 4th footing = 0.00Cum

20.21Cum

Reduction in self wieght = 202.07KN

[Link] pressure :-

As per clause 217.1 of IRC:6---2000,the abutments are to be designed for a

surcharge equivalent to a back fill of hieght 1.20m behind the abutment.

The coefficient of active earth pressure exerted by the cohesion less back fill on

the abutment as per the Coulomb's theory is given by

'2
Ka = Sin(a+Q)
sina sin(a-q) sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)

Sin(a+Q) = SIN[3.14*(67.84+30)/180] = 0.991

Sin(a-q) = SIN[3.14*(67.84-15)/180] = 0.797
Sina = SIN[3.14*(67.84)/180] = 0.926
Sin(Q+q) = SIN[3.14*(30+15)/180] = 0.707
Sin(Q-b) = SIN[3.14*(30-0)/180] = 0.5
Sin(a+b) = SIN[3.14*(67.84+0)/180] = 0.926

From the above expression,

Ka = 0.5

The hieght of abutment above GL,as per the preliminary section assumed = 1.985m

Hence,maximum pressure at the base of the wall Pa = 17.87KN/sqm

The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:-

Surcharge load = 10.8 KN/sqm

10.8

1.985

17.87 10.8

Area of the rectangular portion = 21.44

Area of the triangular portion = 17.74
39.18

Taking moments of the areas about the toe of the wall

[Link] Description Area Lever arm Moment

1 Rectangular 21.44 0.9925 21.2792

2 Triangular 17.74 0.66166667 11.73796667

39.18 33.01716667
 Height from the bottom of the wall = 0.84m

The active Earth pressure acts on the abutment as shown below:-

0.70

37.16
1.985m

0.84m

67.84
1.50
0.34
Total earth pressure acting on the abutment P = 215.46KN

Horizontal component of the earth pressure Ph = 171.75KN

Vertical component of the earth pressure Pv = 130.09KN

Eccentricity of vertical component of earth pressure = 0.41m

[Link] force :-

As per clause 222.1 of IRC:6---2000,the bridges in siesmic zones I and II need not be

designed for siesmic [Link] location of the slab culvert is in [Link],there is no need to

design the bridge for siesmic forces.

[Link] pressure force:-

The water pressure distribution on the abutment is as given below:-

HFL 1.090m

3.00

BFL -1.910m

30.00kn/sqm
 Total horizontal water pressure force = 247.50KN

The above pressure acts at height of H/3 = 1.00m

IV)Check for stresses for abutments&footings:-

a)Load Envelope-I:-(The Canal is dry,back fill scoured with live load on span)

i)On top of RCC raft

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles

b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical forces acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-

KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN -0.490 0.00

2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 484.91KN 0.045 0.000

3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor---(Wheel 356.96KN -0.490 0.000
loads+UDL)
4 Impact load 0.00 0.00 0.00

1095.80

Horizontal forces acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location([Link] the

KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 5.11

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 41.51KN y-Direction 4.81

3 Water current force 0.84KN x-Direction 3.61

Check for stresses:-

About x-axis:-

Breadth of 2nd footing b = 6.45m

Depth of 2nd footing d = 1.95m

Area of the footing = A = 12.5775 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd2 = 4.09 m3

about x-axis --Zx =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at heel

KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN -0.490 10.99
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 484.91KN 0.045 40.17
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 356.96KN -0.490 15.44
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.000 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 41.51KN 4.81 -48.85
 17.75

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at toe

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.490 29.39
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 484.91KN -0.045 36.94
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 356.96KN 0.490 41.32
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.000 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 41.51KN 4.81 48.85

156.5

Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 17.75 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.

Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 156.5 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

About y-axis:-

Breadth of 3rd footing b = 1.95m

Depth of 3rd footing d = 6.45m

Area of the footing = A = 12.5775 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing about = (1/6)bd2 = 13.52 m3

y-axis--Zy =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm 2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at upstream

KN (P) arm edge
P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.00 20.19
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 484.91KN 0.00 38.55
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 356.96KN 0.000 28.38
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Wind load 16.50KN 5.11 -6.24
6 Water current force 0.84KN 3.61 -0.22

80.66

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at D/S edge

KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.00 20.19
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 484.91KN 0.00 38.55
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 356.96KN 0.000 28.38
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Wind load 16.50KN 5.11 6.24
6 Water current force 0.84KN 3.61 0.22
93.58

Stress at up stream side P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 80.66 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

edge =
 Hence safe.

Stress at down stream side P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 93.58 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

edge =
Hence safe.

i)On top of 2nd footing

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles

b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-

KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN -0.490 0.00

2 Self wieght of abutment&cut waters 381.95KN 0.130 0.000

3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 356.96KN -0.490 0.000

4 Impact load 0.00 0.000 0.00

Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location([Link] the

KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 4.81

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 41.51KN y-Direction 4.51

3 Water current force 0.84KN x-Direction 3.31

Check for stresses:-

About x-axis:-

Breadth of 1st footing b = 6.45m

Depth of 1st footing d = 1.80m
Area of the footing = A = 11.61 m2

Section modulus of base of abutment (1/6)bd2 = 3.48 m3

about x-axis--Zx =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at heel

KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN -0.49 11.9
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 381.95KN 0.13 35.11
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 356.96KN -0.49 16.73
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 41.51KN 4.51 -53.75

9.99

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at toe

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)
 Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)
1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.49 31.84
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 381.95KN -0.13 28.92
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 356.96KN 0.49 44.76
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 41.51KN 4.51 53.75

159.27

Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 9.99 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.

Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 159.27 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

About y-axis:-

Breadth of 1st footing b = 1.80m

Depth of 1st footing d = 6.45m
Area of the footing = A = 11.61 m2

Section modulus of base of abutment (1/6)bd2 = 12.48 m3

about y-axis--Zy =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at upstream

KN (P) arm edge
P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.00 21.87
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 381.95KN 0.00 32.9
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 356.96KN 0.000 30.75
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Wind load 16.50KN 4.81 -6.36
6 Water current force 0.84KN 3.31 -0.22

78.94

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at D/S edge

KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.00 21.87
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 381.95KN 0.00 32.9
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 356.96KN 0.000 30.75
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Wind load 16.50KN 4.81 6.36
6 Water current force 0.84KN 3.31 0.22
92.1

Stress at up stream side

edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 78.94 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 92.1 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm
 Hence safe.

i)On top of 1st footing

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles

b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-

KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN -0.565 0.00
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 286.91KN 0.180 0.000
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 356.96KN -0.565 0.000

4 Impact load 0.00 0.000 0.00

Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location([Link] the

KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 4.51

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 41.51KN y-Direction 4.21
3 Water current force 0.84KN x-Direction 3.01

Check for stresses:-

About x-axis:-

Breadth of abutment b = 6.45m

Depth of abutment d = 1.50m
Area of the footing = A = 9.675 m2

Section modulus of base of abutment (1/6)bd2 = 2.42 m3

about x-axis--Zx =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at heel

KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN -0.57 12.45
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 286.91KN 0.18 32.97
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 356.96KN -0.57 17.5
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 41.51KN 4.21 -72.25

-9.33

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at toe

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.57 40.04
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 286.91KN -0.18 24.69
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 356.96KN 0.57 56.29
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 41.51KN 4.21 72.25
 193.27

Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = -9.33 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.

Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 193.27 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

About y-axis:-

Breadth of abutment b = 1.50m

Depth of abutment d = 6.45m
Area of the footing = A = 9.675 m2

Section modulus of base of abutment (1/6)bd2 = 10.40 m3

about y-axis--Zy =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at upstream

KN (P) arm edge
P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.00 26.25
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 286.91KN 0.00 29.65
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 356.96KN 0.000 36.9
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Wind load 16.50KN 4.51 -7.15
6 Water current force 0.84KN 3.01 -0.24

85.41

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at D/S edge

KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.00 26.25
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 286.91KN 0.00 29.65
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 356.96KN 0.000 36.9
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Wind load 16.50KN 4.51 7.15
6 Water current force 0.84KN 3.01 0.24
100.19

Stress at up stream side

edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 85.41 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 100.19 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

b)Load Envelope-II:-(The Canal is full,back fill intact with no live load on span)

i)On top of RCC Raft footing

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles

b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-

KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN -0.490 0.00

Self wieght of abutment&cut waters 484.91KN

Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy -202.07KN

2 Net self weight 282.84KN 0.045 0.000

3 Vertical component of earth pressure 130.09KN 0.410 0.000

Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location([Link] the

KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 5.11

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 0.00KN y-Direction 0.00

3 Water current force 0.84KN x-Direction 3.61

4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 171.75KN y-Direction 1.64

5 Water pressure force 247.50KN y-Direction 1.00

Check for stresses:-

About x-axis:-

Breadth of bottom footing b = 6.45m

Depth of bottom footing d = 1.95m
Area of the footing = A = 12.5775 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd2 = 4.09 m3

about x-axis --Zx =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at heel

KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN -0.49 10.99
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 282.84KN 0.04 23.43
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 130.09KN 0.41 14.29
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 171.75KN 1.64 -69.02
5 Water pressure force 247.50KN 1.00 60.6
40.24

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at toe

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.49 29.39
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 282.84KN -0.04 21.55
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 130.09KN -0.41 6.4
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 171.75KN 1.64 69.02
5 Water pressure force 247.50KN 1.00 -60.6
65.81
 Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 40.23 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.

Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 65.81 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

About y-axis:-

Breadth of bottom footing b = 1.95m

Depth of bottom footing d = 6.45m
Area of the footing = A = 12.5775 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd2 = 13.52 m3

about y-axis --Zy =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at U/S Edge

KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.00 20.19
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 282.84KN 0.00 22.49
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 130.09KN 0.00 10.34
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Wind load 16.50KN 5.11 -6.24
5 Water current force 0.84KN 3.61 -0.2
46.56

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at D/S edge

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.00 20.19
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 282.84KN 0.00 22.49
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 130.09KN 0.00 10.34
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 16.50KN 5.11 6.24
5 Water pressure force 0.84KN 3.61 0.2
59.48

Stress at up stream side

edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 46.56 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 59.48 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

ii)On top of 2nd footing

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles

b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components
[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-
KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN -0.49 0.00

Self wieght of abutment&footings 484.91KN

Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy -202.07KN

2 Net self weight 282.84KN 0.045 0.000

3 Vertical component of earth pressure 130.09KN 0.410 0.000

Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location([Link] the

KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 4.81

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 0.00KN y-Direction 0.00

3 Water current force 0.84KN x-Direction 3.31

4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 171.75KN y-Direction 1.24

5 Water pressure force 247.50KN y-Direction 0.70

Check for stresses:-

About x-axis:-

Breadth of 2nd footing b = 6.45m

Depth of 2nd footing d = 1.80m
Area of the footing = A = 11.61 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd2 = 3.48 m3

about x-axis --Zx =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at heel

KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN -0.49 11.9
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 282.84KN 0.04 25.38
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 130.09KN 0.41 15.48
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 171.75KN 1.24 -61.28
5 Water pressure force 247.50KN 0.70 49.7
41.22

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at toe

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.49 31.84
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 282.84KN -0.04 23.34
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 130.09KN -0.41 6.93
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 171.75KN 1.24 61.28
5 Water pressure force 247.50KN 0.70 -49.7
73.65

Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 41.22 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.

Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 73.65 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

 Hence safe.

About y-axis:-

Breadth of 1st footing b = 1.80m

Depth of 1st footing d = 6.45m
Area of the footing = A = 11.61 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd2 = 12.48 m3

about y-axis --Zy =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at U/S Edge

KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.00 21.87
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 282.84KN 0.00 24.36
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 130.09KN 0.00 11.21
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Wind load 16.50KN 4.81 -6.36
5 Water current force 0.84KN 3.31 -0.2
50.86

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at D/S edge

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.00 21.87
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 282.84KN 0.00 24.36
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 130.09KN 0.00 11.21
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 16.50KN 4.81 6.36
5 Water pressure force 0.84KN 3.31 0.2
64.02

Stress at up stream side

edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 50.86 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 64.02 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

iii)On top of 1st footing

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles

b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-

KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN -0.49 0.00

Self wieght of abutment&cut waters 381.95KN

Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy -159.15KN

 2 Net self weight 222.81KN 0.130 0.000

3 Vertical component of earth pressure 130.09KN 0.410 0.000

Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location([Link] the

KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 4.51

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 0.00KN y-Direction 0.00

3 Water current force 0.84KN x-Direction 3.01

4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 171.75KN y-Direction 0.84

5 Water pressure force 247.50KN y-Direction 0.40

Check for stresses:-

About x-axis:-

Breadth of 1st footing b = 6.45m

Depth of 1st footing d = 1.80m
Area of the footing = A = 11.61 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd2 = 3.48 m3

about x-axis --Zx =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at heel

KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN -0.49 11.9
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 222.81KN 0.13 21.51
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 130.09KN 0.41 15.48
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 171.75KN 0.84 -41.56
5 Water pressure force 247.50KN 0.40 28.4
35.75

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at toe

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.49 31.84
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 222.81KN -0.13 16.87
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 130.09KN -0.41 6.93
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 171.75KN 0.84 41.56
5 Water pressure force 247.50KN 0.40 -28.4
68.78

Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 35.75 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.

Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 68.78 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

About y-axis:-
 Breadth of 1st footing b = 1.80m
Depth of 1st footing d = 6.45m
Area of the footing = A = 11.61 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd2 = 12.48 m3

about y-axis --Zy =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at U/S Edge

KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.00 21.87
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 222.81KN 0.00 19.19
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 130.09KN 0.00 11.21
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Wind load 16.50KN 4.51 -5.96
5 Water current force 0.84KN 3.01 -0.2
46.11

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at D/S edge

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.00 21.87
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 222.81KN 0.00 19.19
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 130.09KN 0.00 11.21
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 16.50KN 4.51 5.96
5 Water pressure force 0.84KN 3.01 0.2
58.43

Stress at up stream side

edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 46.11 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 58.43 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

V)Check for stability of abutments:-

a)Load Envelope-III:-(The Canal is dry,back fill intact with live load on span)

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles

b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-

KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.57 0.00

2 Self wieght of abutments 286.97KN 0.180 0.000

3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 356.96KN 0.57 0.000

4 Vertical component of Active Earth pressure 130.09KN 0.410 0.00

1027.95KN
 Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location([Link] the

KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 4.51

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 41.51KN y-Direction 4.51

3 Horizontal Active Earth pressure force 171.75KN y-Direction 0.84

229.76KN

Check for stability against over turning:-

Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,

Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings = 187.21Kn-m

Moment due to active earth pressure force = 144.74Kn-m

Total overturning moment = 331.95Kn-m

Taking moments of all the restoring forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,,

Moment due to self weight of abutment = 266.88Kn-m

Moment due to live load reaction on abutment = 469.40Kn-m

Moment due to super structure load reaction on abutment = 333.91Kn-m

Moment due to vertical component of active earth pressure = 150.91Kn-m

Total Restoring moment = 1221.10Kn-m

Factor of safety = 3.67855218 > 2.0 Hence safe

(As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000)

Check for stability against sliding:-

Total vertical load acting on the base of the abutment Vb = 1027.95KN

Total sliding force,ie,horizontal load on the abutment Hb = 229.76KN

Coefficient of friction between concrete surfaces = 0.80

Factor of safety against sliding Fs = 3.57913346 > 1.5 Hence safe

(As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000)

b)Load Envelope-IV:-(The Canal is running upto HFL with no live load on span)

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles

b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-

KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 253.93KN 0.57 0.00

Self wieght of abutments 286.97KN

Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy -119.60KN

 2 Net self wieght 167.37KN 0.180 0.000

3 Vertical component of Active Earth pressure 130.09 0.410 0.00

Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

[Link] Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location([Link] the

KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 4.51

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 0.00KN y-Direction 0.00

3 Active Earth pressure force 171.75KN y-Direction 0.84

4 Force due to water pressure 247.50KN y-Direction 0.40

Check for stability against over turning:-

Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,

Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings = 0.00Kn-m

Moment due to active earth pressure force = 144.74Kn-m

Total overturning moment = 144.74Kn-m

Taking moments of all the restoring forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,

Moment due to self weight of abutment = 155.65Kn-m

Moment due to water pressure force on the abutment = 99.00Kn-m

Moment due to super structure load reaction on abutment = 333.91Kn-m

Moment due to vertical component of active earth pressure = 150.91Kn-m

Total Restoring moment = 739.47Kn-m

Factor of safety = 5.10896561 > 2.0 Hence safe

(As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000)

Check for stability against sliding:-

Total vertical load acting on the base of the abutment Vb = 544.96KN

Total sliding force,ie,horizontal load on the abutment Hb = 171.75KN

Coefficient of friction between concrete surfaces = 0.80

Factor of safety against sliding Fs = 2.53833064 > 1.5 Hence safe

(As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000)
 DESIGN OF RAFT FOR THE SLAB CULVERT

Name of the work:-Approach Road to ST Colony from R&B Road and improvements to Foot path bridge across drain
near [Link] ST Colony in Narasapuram(M)

Abutment
Abutment

Length of the Raft:- = 8.60m

Width of the Raft:- = 6.85m

Total load on the Raft:-

Dead Load:-

[Link] Deck slab = 355.16Kn

[Link] wearing coat = 59.19Kn

[Link] bed blocks over abutments = 93.50Kn

[Link] abutments

Footing-I = 190.08Kn
Footing-II = 205.92Kn
[Link] abutments = 573.94Kn

Total 1477.79Kn

Dead load stress = 25.09Kn/Sqm

Live Load:-

Taking IRC Class-A loading

Wheel width in the direction of movement =0.2+0.2+0.25/2 = 0.625m

11.4 11.4 6.8

1.2 4.3 2.5
0.625

8.60m

Centre of gravity of loading from 1st 11.4t load =

= 1.73m

Centre of gravity from the end of raft = 2.355m

Eccentricity = 1.945m

Stress due to live load = 1xP(1+6e/b)

(Taking single lanes) A

[Link] = 16.37Kn/Sqm

[Link] = -4.26Kn/Sqm

Total stress due to dead load and live load

 [Link] = 41.46Kn/Sqm

[Link] = 20.83Kn/Sqm

Assuming the depth of raft as 50cm

Stress due to self weight of raft = 12.50Kn/Sqm

Stress due to wieght of base concrete = 3.60Kn/Sqm

Hence,the [Link] on the soil = 57.56Kn/Sqm

Which is less than 6t/sqm(Soil testing report)

Hence safe.

Net [Link] pressure acting on Raft = 41.46Kn/Sqm

Net [Link] pressure acting on Raft = 20.83Kn/Sqm

The design stress = 31.15Kn/Sqm

Hence,the UDL on the raft = 31.15Kn/m

Design of Raft:-

The raft will be analysed as a continuous beam of 1m width with the loading
as shown below:-

1.375 11.85 1.375

UDL of 31.15Kn/m

After analysis the bending moment diagram is as given below:

221

25.8

[Link] bending moment Mu = 221.00KNm

[Link] bending moment Mu = 25.80KNm

Effective depth required d = Mu/0.133fckb = 257.81mm

Over all depth provided = 500.00mm

Effective depth provided(Assuming 40mm cover) d = 437.50mm

Top steel:-

Mu/bd2 = 1.155

From table 3 of SP 16,percentage of steel required = 0.338

Area of steel required = 1478.75sqmm

Bottom steel:-

Mu/bd2 = 0.135

From table 3 of SP 16,percentage of steel required/Minimum steel = 0.12

Area of steel required = 525.00sqmm

Hence provide 10mm dia HYSD bars@ 125mm c/c spacing at bottom
and provide 16mm bars at 125mm c/c at top

Hence Ast provided at top = 1607.68sqmm

Hence Ast provided at bottom = 628.00sqmm

Provide distribution reinforcement of 0.12% both at top and bottom

Area = 600.00sqmm

Adopting 10mm dia bars,the spacing required is = 130.83mm

Hence provide 10mm dia bars @ 125mm c/c spacing at top& bottom as distribution steel
 Hydraulic design

Hydraulic Particulars:-

[Link] Flood Level 1.090

[Link] Flood level

[Link] Bed level 0.090

[Link] bed slope 0.000250

(1 in 4000)

[Link] Coefficient(n) 0.025

(As per table 5 of IRC:SP 13)

[Link] clearence proposed 0.585

(As per clause 15.5 of IRC:SP 13&as per profile)

[Link] of deck proposed 1.675

(MFL+Vertical clearence)

[Link] Crest level 2.200

(Bottom of deck level+thickness of deck slab)

[Link] of carriage way 5.500

Discharge Calculations:-

1)From the data furnished by the Irrigation Department:-

Design discharge = Nil

2)Area Velocity method:-

Depth of flow w.r.t HFL = 1.000m

Bed width = 3.80m

Assuming side slopes 1:1.2 in clayey soils,top width at HFL = 5.000m

Wetted Area = 4.40sqm

Wetted perimetre = 6.63m

Hydraulic Radius R= Total area/Wetted perimeter = 0.66

Velocity V = 1/nX(R2/3XS1/2) 0.48m/sec

Discharge Q = AXV 2.11Cumecs

Design Discharge = 2.110Cumecs

Design Velocity = 0.510m/sec

Ventway Calculations(H.F.L Condition):-

Assuming the stream to be truly alluvial,the regime width is equal to linear waterway required for the drain.

Hence,as per Lacey's silt theory,the regime width W = 4.8Q 1/2 = 4.8*2.110.5 = 6.97m
 The actual top width is almost equal to the above regime [Link],the stream is almost truly alluvial in nature.
As per IRC:SP--13,the ventway calculations for alluvial streams are as given below:-

Assuming afflux = x = 0.15m

Width of channel at H.F.L(b+h) = 5.00m
Clear span = 5.00m
Effective linear water way = 5.00m
Depth of flow = di = 1.00m

Head due to velocity of approach = (Vmax2/2g)X[di/(di+x)]2 0.010m

Combined head due to Velocity of approach and hi = 0.160m

afflux

Velocity through vents Vv = 0.90X(2ghi)1/2 = 1.60m/sec

Linear water way required LWW = Qd/(VvXdi) = 1.32m

[Link] vents required = LWW /LC = 0.264

Say---1 Vent

In alluvial streams,the actual width of the stream should not be reduced,as it results in enhanced scour
depth and expensive training works.

Hence [Link] vents required as per the width of the stream at H.F.L= 1

[Link] vents to be provided 1Nos

[Link] piers = 0Nos

Scour Depth Calculations:-

As per the clause 101.1.2 of IRC:5--1985,the design discharge should be increased by 30% to ensure adequate
margin of safety for foundations and protection works

Hence,the discharge for design of foundations = 1.30XDesign Discharge =

Lacey's Silt factor ' f ' = 1.76Xm1/2(For normal silt) =

Discharge per metre width of foundations = q =

Normal scour depth D = 1.34(q2/f)1/3 =

Maximum scour depth Dm = 1.5XD =

Depth of foundation = Dm + [Link] 1.2m or 1/3 Dm =

Bottom level of foundation =

Depth of foundation below low bed level =

The Minimum Safe Bearing capacity of the soil is considered as 60 KN/m2 at a depth of 2.0m below LBL
Hence open foundation in the form of raft is proposed at a depth of 2.0m below LBL,ie,at a level of

Cut-off walls and aprons are not required from scour depth point of view
uly alluvial in nature.

ced scour

o ensure adequate

2.81Cumecs

1.000

0.562

0.92m

1.38m

2.58m

-1.49m

1.580m
-1.910m
 DESIGN OF FLY WINGS

Data:-

Height of Fly wing wall = 2.910m

Height of wall above G.L= 2.910m
Height of wall below G.L= 0.00m
Density of back fill soil&material in toe portion = 1800Kg/Cum
Grade of concrete = M25
Grade of steel = Fe415
Ground water Table level =
Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material&material at toe portion(Q) = 30
Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(a)(In degrees) 90
(in clock wise direction)
Slope of back fill(b) = 0
Angle of wall friction (q) = 15
Surcharge over the back fill in terms of height of back fill = 0.60m
Undrained Cohesion ( c) =
Permissible compressive stress in bending for M20 Concrete (c)= 25N/sqmm
Permissible tensile stress in bending for Fe 415 steel (t)= 415N/sqmm
Length of the wing wall proposed = 2.50m

Dimensions of the Fly wing(Assumed for preliminary design):-

Thickness of wing at support = 0.30m

Thickness of wing at end = 0.20m

Coefficient of active earth pressure by Coulomb's theory

2
Ka = Sin(a+Q)
sina sin(a-q) sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)

From the above expression,

Ka = 0.3

Hence,maximum pressure at the bottom of the wall Pa = 1571.40Kg/sqm

The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:-

Pressure due to
Surcharge load = 324

324

2.910m

1571.40

Total Active earth pressure force = 3229.23

Height from the bottom of the wall = 1.11m

The active earth pressure acts on the wall as shown below:-

0.20

15

1.11m
2.910
 90
0.30

Horizontal component of the earth pressure Ph = 3119.31Kg/m

Vertical component of the earth pressure Pv = 835.37Kg/m

Design of wall :-

Factored bending moment Mu = 14621.75Kgm

Effective depth required d = Mu/0.133fckb = 209.70mm

Over all depth provided = 300.00mm

Effective depth provided(Assuming 40mm cover) d = 250.00mm

Mu/bd2 = 2.339

From table 2 of SP 16,percentage of steel required = 0.743

Area of steel required = 1857.50sqmm

Hence provide 16mm dia HYSD bars@ 110mm c/c spacing

Hence Ast provided = 1826.91sqmm

Check for shear:-

Percentage of tension steel = 0.73

Maximum shear force on the member = 77.98KN

Factored Design shear force = 116.97KN

Nominal shear stress tv =Vu/bd = 0.47 N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm(As per Table
20 of 1S 456)
Hence section is safe from shear strength point of view

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.61 N/sqmm > 0.48

Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.

Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.12%

Area required = 300.00sqmm

Provide 10mm dia @ 150mm c/c on earthen side

Provide 10mm dia @ 150mm c/c on other side in both directions

The reinforcement detailing is shown in the drawing

Check for serviceability:-

For cantilever walls,the span to effective depth ratio is 7

From Fig.4 of IS:456-2000, fs = 0.58fy x Area of cross-section of steel required

Area of cross-section of steel provided

The stress level is 244.73N/sqmm

For percentage of tension steel provided is 0.73

The modification factor for ratio of span to effective depth is 1.5

Hence,the ratio is 10.5

The effective depth required = 0.24 <0.250 (Actually provided)