Rivers of Odisha
Rivers in Odisha, though not perennial, serve the
basic requirements of the state. The state being an
agricultural land, these rivers carry vital
responsibilities. There are eleven major rivers
flowing in the state. These rivers are divided into
four groups which flow through Odisha into the Bay
of Bengal. They are:-
1. Rivers that have a source outside the state (the Subarnarekha, the Brahmani
and the Mahanadi).
2. Rivers having a source inside the state (the Budhabalanga, the Baitarani, the
Salandi and the Rushikulya).
3. Rivers having source inside Odisha but flowing through other states (the
Bahudu, the Vasundhara and the Nagaayali).
4. Rivers having a source inside Odisha, but tributary to rivers flowing through
other states (the Machkund, the Sileru, the Kolab and the Indiravati).
The major rivers of Odisha are the following:-
MAHANADI The longest river flowing through the heart of Odisha is
Mahanadi. It is the sixth largest river in India. It is 857kms long (494kms in Odisha)
and its catchment area spreads over 141,600 sq.kms (65,580sq.kms in Odisha). The
river carries on an average about 92,600million m of water. It originates from the
Maipal range in Chhattisgarh popularly known as the Amarkantak plateau. Then
it enters the north west of modern Odisha in the Sambalpur district near padigan,
a little above Hirakud. At Hirakud the longest dam in the world has been built
across the river. It is a multipurpose river valley project. It has an installed capacity
for generation of power. Besides, irrigation for 35,486 hectares of land is facilitated.
The dam controls floods in the state to a great extend.
BRAHMANI It is the second largest river in Odisha. It originates as two major
rivers like the Sankh and the Koel from the chotanagpur plateau of Bihar and both
join at Ved Vyasa near Rourkela in Sundargarh district of Odisha forming the
major river Brahmani. It flows through the Eastern Ghats in Sundargarh, Keonjhar,
Dhenkanal, Cuttack and Jajpur districts into the coastal plains and enters into the
Bay of Bengal along with a combined mouth of the Mahanadi known as Dhamra.
The Brahmani is 799kms long (541kms in Odisha) and its catchment area spreads
over 39,033sq kilometres.
SUBARNAREKHA - It originates near Nagri village of the Chhotnagpur plateau
of Jharkhand. Total length of the river from its origin to its outfall into Bay of
Bengal is 446.12 km, including 79 km inside Odisha. The prominent tributaries of
the Subarnarekha are Raru river, Kanchi river, Damra river, Karru river, Kharkhai
river, Chinguru river, Karakari river, Gurma river, Garra river, Singaduba river,
Kodia river, Dulunga river and Khaijori river.
BAITARANI- It originates from the Gonasika in the Guptaganga hills of Keonjhar
district. The river traverses a total distance of 360 kms before falling into the Bay of
Bengal.
29 join on the right side of the river. The
main tributaries are kangira, Ardei,
Khairi, handan, De, Kanjharisita, Musal,
Kusei, and Salandi river. The Salandi
originates from the Meghasani hills of
the Similipal in Mayurbhanja district. It
flows for a distance o 144 km with a
catchment area of 1800sq.km
BUDHABALANGA-The Budhabalanga originates from the Similipal range of hills
on Mayurbhanj district and travels a total length of 198.75 km. before it finally
empties into the Bay of Bengal. The prominent tributaries of the Budhabalanga are
Palapala, Sunei, Kalo, Sanjo, Deo, Gangahari and Katra.
JAMBHIRA- It originates from Chandra Reserve forest in Mayurbhanj district and
travels a total length of 90 km before it finally falls in Bay of Bengal. The prominent
tributaries of river Jambhira are Mahanti, Gulfa, Surudi, Murli, Saan, Bans and
Hansakara.
RUSHIKULYA: It originates from the Rushyamala hills of the Eastern Ghats in
Kandhamal district and flows in the south east direction and falls into the Bay of
Bengal near Chatrapur. The prominent tributaries of the river Rushikulya are
Padma, Boringanalla, Joro, Badanadi, Baghua, Dhanei and Ghodhado. It has no
delta in its mouth.
BAHUDA - It originates near village Luba from the Singharaj hills of the Eastern
Ghats in Gajapati district. It flows in the north east direction up to 55 km, south
east direction for 17km in Odisha before entering Andhra Pradesh to flow for 18
km. Then it turns in Northeast direction for 6 km in Odisha before meeting the Bay
of Bengal near the village Sunapurapeta, Odisha. The river traverses a total length
of 96 km and the prominent tributaries are Poichandia, Bogiriadi, Batrada Nalla
and Kantajura Nalla.
INDRAVATI- It originates from the Eastern Ghats of Dandakaranya range in
Kalahandi district and flows in a westerly direction; enters into Jagdalpur district
in Chhatisgarh state.
It further traverses in the westerly
direction and thereafter in southern
direction before finally meeting river
Godavari at the border of Maharastra,
Chhatisgarh and Andhra Pradesh.
NAGABALI- It originates from the Bijipur hills of the Eastern Ghats near village
Lakhabahal in Kalahandi district. The total lenghth of the river is 217 km of which
125 km. lies in Odisha and remaining portion in Andhra Pradesh. The prominent
tributaries are Pitadar Nalla, Datteibannda Nallah, Sananadi, Barha Nadi, Baldiya
Nadi, Sat Nallha,Sitagura Nallha, Ghora Nalla, Sitaghera Nalla, Srikona Nadi,
Bonamarha Nadi,Errigeda Nallha and Jhanjhabati river.
BANSHADHARA- It originates from the
flanks of the Durgakangar hills (Lingaraj hills)
of the Eastern Ghats in Kalahandi district. The
river traverses a total distance of 239 kms
before its outfall into the Bay of Bengal in
Andhra Pradesh. The prominent tributaries of
river Vamsadhara are Bhangi, Pedagoda on
right side and Badanalla, Chauladhua,
Pandaka Nalla, Badajhar, Harbhangi,
Sananadi, Mahendratanaya on left side.
The major tributaries of river Indravati are Keshadhara Nalla, Kandabindha
Nallah, Chandragiri Nalla, Golagar Nalla, Poragarh Nalla, Kapur Nallah, Muran
River, Bangiri Nallah, Telengi Nallah, Parlijori Nallah, Turi Nallah, Chourijori
Nallah, Damayanti Sayarh, Kora river, Modang river, Padrikundijori river, Jaura
river and Bhaskel river.
KOLAB- It originates from the Sinkaran hills of the Eastern Ghats in Koraput
districts and finally meets the Godavari in Andhra Pradesh. The prominent
tributaries of Kolab are Karandi Nalla, Guradi Nalla, Kangar Nallah, Garia,
Dharmageda Nallah, JamNadi, Malengar River, Mulervagu Nallah, Potteru Vagu
Nallah, Machhakund River, Sileru River.
