A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A TWO-STOREY HOME FOR THE AGED

IN BARANGAY MARIGONDON, LAPU-LAPU CITY

A Thesis
Presented to the

Faculty of Civil Engineering Department

University of the Visayas
Cebu City

In Partial
Fulfilment of the
Requirement for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

By:

JUDITH H. ASIS
LEAH XANDRA L. AQUE
SHEENA LORRAINE G. GUMAWA
ROSE KRISTINE MARIE E. PATIGDAS
JOBELLE FAITH E. TEREZ
MARTIE RITA C. ZAMORA

October 2018
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A TWO-STOREY

HOME FOR THE AGED IN BARANGAY MARIGONDON, LAPU-LAPU
CITY” is prepared and submitted by JUDITH H. ASIS, LEAH XANDRA L.
AQUE, SHEENA LORRAINE G. GUMAWA, ROSE KRISTINE MARIE E.
PATIGDAS, JOBELLE FAITH E. TEREZ and MARTIE RITA C. ZAMORA in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
IN CIVIL ENGINEERING and has been examined and recommended approved.

ENGR. RAMIEL P. TO-ONG

Master of Science in Engineering Management,
University of the Visayas
Adviser

THE THESIS COMMITTEE:

NIMFA O. RODRIGUEZ, Ph.D. – T.M.

Professor, Graduate School of Engineering,
University of the Visayas
Chairman

PANEL OF ORAL EXAMINERS

ENGR. BIENVINIDA CATALAN ENGR. MITCHELL IAN DORIA

Panel Member Panel Member

ENGR. JESSIE MUNDA ENGR. JOHMIE TORRENUEVA

Panel Member Panel Member
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Inspiration and motivation have always played an important key role in our

success. All of us have their own strength for completing an endeavor.

In the completion of this study, it would not be possible without the guidance

of the adviser, Engr. Ramiel To-ong and with the help of CE 155 instructor, Engr.

Nimfa O. Rodriguez. The researchers would not be able to come up with this content

without the knowledge they shared towards them.

To all of the faculty and staff of the Department of Civil Engineering, Engr.

Bienvenida Catalan, Engr. Jessie Munda, Engr. Johmie Torrenueva and Engr.

Mitchelle Ian Doria for their help, understanding and guidance to every subject that

taken which are very useful for the researchers. Without them, this research could not

be successful in conducting this study.

The researchers would like to express their sincere gratitude towards their

parents who never fail to support them in terms of financial and other concerns they

encountered and also for letting them to dwell in their home for a short period of time.

The researchers would also like to appreciate the respondents. Without their

precious time that spent towards the researchers, the results and recommendation of

this study would not be possible.

And lastly, to greatest Almighty God, the author of knowledge and to his

countless love, everything wouldn’t be impossible without him. All thanks to Him for

the guidance that He showered to this group through good times and bad times.

Researchers
 ABSTRACT

Home for the Aged is a residential facility which provides residential care,

meals and assistance of elder’s daily activities.

Today’s generation, mostly all of the members in the family want to explore

and work for them to have a better future. This situation leads to leaving their parents

or grandparents alone in their homes. One of the problems encountered by the

Philippines is increasing number of mistreated elders. Providing infrastructure is very

essential to enhance the services and also to provide activities that could satisfy the

remaining years of their existence.

Lapu-Lapu City is one of the most historical cities in the Philippines. It is now

also considered as a highly urbanized city in the region of Central Visayas. In

connection to this, lot of seniors are also present in the cities that are somehow

mistreated by their families. On the other hand, the Researchers want to help the

elderly care homes in the city by proposing a Home for the Aged which is located in

Barangay Marigondon. Through this, those families that cannot take good care of

their elders can now seek help without going far places and can focus their work

without worrying how their elders are doing.

Keywords: Economically, Financially, Seniors, Mistreated, Home for the Aged,

Barangay Marigondon, Cebu

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

ABSTRACT iv

CHAPTER

I THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Theoretical Framework

Statement of Problem

Significance of the Study

Definition of Terms

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature

Related Study

III RESEARCH METHODOLGY

Method

Environment

Respondents
 Instruments

Data Gathering Procedure

IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Demand of Constructing a Home for the Aged

Status of the elders in different community

Facilities and Amenities

Existing Home for the Aged in different place

Accessibility of the Location

Problems in the Construction

V SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Findings

Conclusions

Recommendations

APPENDICES

Appendix A- Transmittal Letter to the Dean

Appendix B- Transmittal Letter to the Adviser

 Appendix C- Transmittal Letter to the Respondents

Appendix D- Transmittal Letter to the Barangay Captain

Appendix E- Researcher Questionnaire

Appendix F- Architectural Plan

Appendix G- Structural Plan

Appendix H- Structural Computation

Appendix I- Scheduling

Gantt chart

CPM Diagram

Bill of Materials

Labor Cost

Appendix J- Curriculum Vitae

Appendix K- Documentation

REFFERENCES
 Chapter I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Home for the Aged is a residential facility which is intended for elderly

people. It could be private or public residence providing a high level of long-term

services for persons who are unable to take good care for themselves properly

specifically the elders. It provides residential care, meals and assistance in their daily

activities. In this place, there are so many recreational activities intended for the

elders such as dancing, gardening, bingo session, and reading books.

At our young age, we worry about our future aging. A question would come

into our mind, who will take care of us if ever we will reach the elderly stage?

Today’s generation, mostly all of the members in the family want to explore and work

for them to have a better future. This situation leads to leaving their parents or

grandparents alone in their homes. Some family consider this as a major problem,

especially Filipinos who used to follow tradition to take care of their family members.

A natural part in aging is physiological changes. Some are experiencing

diseases. The most common diseases were dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Those

diseases add difficulty of caring elders which leads in sending them in a nursing

home. Individual houses are less educated about these types of diseases unlike in

nursing home which is intended to accommodate these types of needs for our elders.

Home for the Aged is common in foreign countries. They usually send their elders in

the said facility when they could not be able to take good care of them. They have the

money yet they do not have time which is the main problem having an elders at home.
 In the Philippines, Home for the Aged has a different concept in everyone’s

mind. They think all of the elders who are sent in this kind of facilities are abandoned

and neglected by their love ones. Filipinos choose to take care of their elders than

sending them in a nursing home. The elders live in the same roof together with their

children who has also a family. Their children are happy to see and take care of them,

smiling and facing challenges at their age. The people in the Philippines are very hard

working. Family and goals are very important to this country. They are practiced to

work for their families. Sometimes, due to works and busy schedules they do not have

enough time to bond with them. The elderly who lives with them may have financial

care but do not have a personal and emotional assistance which is very important at

their age. Filipino people are very caring and they sacrifice their own time to serve for

their elders without complaining because they respect their elders.

Philippines is a growing country. Lots of opportunity awaits Filipinos, yet

having an elder in their family becomes a restriction for them. Cebu City is a first

class highly urbanized city and Cebu is the second most populated province in the

Philippines. It is one of the affected cities of the indigent, abandoned and neglected

elderly citizen. Many chose to send their parents or their grandparents to the Elderly

Care Home or Home for the Aged. There are so many Elderly Care Homes here but

the facilities are not much developed. Lapu-lapu City is a highly urbanized city in the

region of Central Visayas. The population in this place grew an average of 2.94%

from 2010 to 2015. The growth attributed into the city’s remarkable economic

performance. Also, elder’s population is constantly growing in this place. As of

December 2017, it has more than 22,000 senior citizens in the city. Industrial

buildings are developing in the city of Lapu-lapu. It is also commonly search by

people not just inside the city but also in other part of the Philippines. The progress in
the city leads to the demand of workers in the place. The positive result of the city’s

progress is a boon to the younger generation in the city but a bane to the older ones.

This situation leads to leaving the elders alone in their individual houses.

The proposed project was planned to be constructed at Barangay Marigondon

which is located at Lapu-Lapu City. The researchers decided and chose this place

because it suit to the situation. It is also accessible to fresh air which elders desire for.

Barangay Marigondon is part of a booming city which will soon become a busy city.

A busy city means a busy people. The busier the people, the lesser they have time for

their families and the more practical they become.

The goal of this proposal is to provide an economically, financially and a

home-a-like dwelling place to give the elders in the community the quality of life they

need and deserve. This proposal indicates the best solution for the growing population

of the elders in the Province of Cebu. The study aims to come up with good services

and facilities that could satisfy the needs of the elders especially at their age. It also

lessens the obligation of their children especially when they already have work. It also

aims to help every family to have a comfortable dwelling place for their elders for

them to have an easier life. Home for the Aged will also give a peace of mind to the

family members in the status for their elders. The study will also change the outlook

of the Filipino citizen regarding the meaning and purpose of having a Home for the

Aged. This project will implant an idea to the people that Home for the Aged is a

boon to the elders not just in the city of Lapu-Lapu but also in the Philippines.
Conceptual Framework

Home for the Aged is sometimes called retirement home, Old people’s home

and Elderly. The terms ‘elderly’ and ‘aged’ are taken here to mean people aged over

60 years of age and above. It can be a multi-residence housing facility intended for the

elderly. It is an apartment style room or suite of rooms. Facilities are provided within

the building which includes meals, gatherings, recreation activities and some form of

health or hospice care.

This study contains three major categories; design, good services and benefits.

These will help the infrastructure to be organize and function well. Those will be a big

factor for the family of the elders to trust the process of the management.

Design includes the structural which is very important for the building to resist

any calamities that may encounter unexpectedly. In connection with that, safety and

security are rest assured for the occupants in the building. To sum up the design,

architectural adds beauty and calmness for the elders.

Good Services allow the elders to meet, enjoy and experience the place

because of its design together with recreational activities. It helps reduce the stress

that they had experienced during their bad days in life. An exercise to enhance and

develop their capabilities.

Benefits are major factors in this study because it serves as the exchange for

the trust of the family that they give wholeheartedly to the management. Under the

benefits are medical assistance, works, good shelter and professional care.
 STRUCTURAL

SAFETY

DESIGN
SECURITY

ARCHITECTURAL

A FEASIBILTY
ACCESSABILITY
STUDY OF A
TWO-STOREY
HOME FOR THE FACILITIES
AGED IN GOOD
BARANGAY
SERVICES AMENITIES
MARIGONDON,
LAPU-LAPU
CITY
RECREATIONAL
ACTIVITITES

MEDICAL
ASSISTANCE

BENEFITS WORKS

SHELTER

PROFESSIONAL
CARE

Figure 1: The Conceptual Framework

 PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

The aim of this research is to conduct a study for construction of a two-storey

Home for the Aged located at Barangay Marigondon, Lapu-lapu City. The following

are problems that need to be answered:

1. Is there a demand of constructing a Home for the Aged in Barangay

Marigondon, Lapu-lapu City?

2. What is the status of the elderly nowadays?

3. What is the status of Home for the Aged in different places?

4. What is the criteria of Home for the Aged with respect of;

4.1 Building Design

4.2 Structural Design

4.3 Labor and Material Cost

4.4 Specification and Standards

4.5 Facilities and Amenities

4.6 Location

5. What are the problems to be encountered during construction of Home for the

Aged?

6. Based on the findings of the study, what recommendations could be attained?

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The scope of the study will be limited only in planning, estimates including

labor and material cost, structural analysis of the proposal, estimates of the duration,

and building technical information such as, building floor plan, location, elevation and

structural design.

On the other hand, the study would no longer cover electrical design, soil

investigation including the cost estimates of the said subject and the operational.

The information stated will be found in this study. Some subjects were being

limited to avoid confusion.

Significance of the Study

Home for the Aged becomes an essential to an institution for a busy country.

More countries are now adopting the idea of having a home for the aged. As time pass

by, people will understand the necessity of the said institution.

City Officials will economically benefit by means of tax. Home for the Aged

will also help the City officials lessen the problem of the services intended for the

elders, such as medical assistance.

Elders are the main beneficiaries of the study in the community or even

outside Lapu-Lapu City. The project will help elders understand their situation and

their needs. The aim of this project is to provide the elders, home, professional care

and the assistance to their daily living.

Family with Elders is one of the beneficiaries of the proposed project that

will help them give the care, their elders deserve to have. The medical care and

assistance offered by the institution will be an assurance that their elders are in good

hands. It will let them work without worrying about their elders. The can also assure

the safety and health of their loved ones.

Community can benefit to this project. The institution will provide work for

the residence of the place.

People’s mindset is one of the factor that could affect the construction of

Home for the Aged. The result may hopefully change the outlook of the people about

the Home for the Aged that this building is a boon and not a bane to the elders. This

will benefit the people in the sense that this will possibly be a mind opener for a new

knowledge.
 Researchers can gain ideas to this study. The results of the research will

develop and expand the knowledge and their understanding in the field of practice

they are involved.

Future researchers may gather some ideas from the study conducted. This

study will serve as a guide to the researcher for their studies.

Definition of terms

Feasibility –conducting a study of a proposed plan that it will be feasible in a

specific location.

Home – a dwelling place for every family where they can comfortably eat and

do their activities that cannot be done outside.

Building Design – talks about architectural, usually done by AutoCAD and

most of the designs are depending on the owner’s wants and needs.

Structural Design – the term being used when we talked about the stability of

the building structures which consist of live load and dead load.

Labor – person working in the building construction.

Material Cost – the estimated cost of the materials to be used during the

construction of the building.

Specification – the specific kind of materials to be used in constructing the

building usually in standard requirements of the Building Code.

Facilities –basic functional room that can be found in a building like Dining

room, Comfort room, Bedroom, Living room and Kitchen.

Amenities –extra activities that can be offered to the people who wants to live

in the building like, Wi-Fi, television and CCTV.

 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter deals with the related studies and related literature undertaken to

gather all information to our study.

Related literature

The increasing populations of the elderly people are growth rapid in the

developed and industrialized countries. Only western world has not restricted in the

phenomenon, but many countries such as ours are now feeling the impact of this

transaction. They differentiate the social relationship of the elderly women living in

families and those living in old age home. The feelings of the elderly women living in

the families had better position than the elderly women living in the institution, it is

because they had regular interaction, expressions of feelings and support from the

family while the existing condition of the elderly women living in the institution; they

felt lonelier, depressive and had a lower level of satisfaction with life. (Dubey, 2011)

Brazil was known for many years, as a country of young people. This reality

has been changing due to significant increase in its elderly population. In 2025, there

will be 1.2 billion people over 60 years, and many of these (who are 80 or older) are

the fastest growing age group. In Brazil, it is estimated that there will be about 34

million elders in 2025, leading Brazil to the 6th position among the most aged

countries in the world. This event manifests itself heterogeneously in people, being

influenced by several bio-psychopathological and environmental factors, and being

characterized as multidimensional and multidirectional, varying in pace and direction

of changes (gains and losses).Commonly, the elderly population becomes fragile,

defenseless, helpless and unproductive, not only due to loss of functional systems, but

by the way they are now being seen by society as a whole and even for their own

family. The great changes in contemporary society and the increasing search for

integration into the labor market for family members, including women, increases the

number of elderly in nursing homes because it reduces potential caregivers for the

elderly. Thus the prospects of growing old in a family environment or expectations for

the women to play the role of caregiver of elderly relatives are significantly reduced,

even though the Elderly Statute provides that the elderly is the obligation of family,

community and society. Given these changes, there is an increase of

institutionalization as advancing age. Therefore, elderly perceived as unable to work

and unable to fulfill their basic duties of citizenship may have the nursing homes as

their destination. With the aging process and the comorbidities resulted from this

period, many elderly and families end up resorting to Nursing Homes (NH), to ensure

the necessary care in this phase of life. In this scenario, it is noteworthy that the NH

are institutions that are undergoing a process of transformation over the years due to

the creation of laws involving the rights of the elderly. Among them, we can mention

Ordinance No. 810 of 1989 approving the “Norms and standards for the operation of

nursing homes, geriatric clinics and other institutions providing care to elderly. Within

this context, assessing the perception of the elderly on living conditions and the

process of institutionalization is of great scientific and social importance, since the

implementation of alternative interventions are necessary, such as geriatric policies

and social programs, seeking to promote the welfare for this group of people that,

both in the present world, and in the future, are a large part of the population.

Therefore, the object of study of this research is delimited in analyzing the perception
of the elderly on their living conditions and the process of institutionalization of a

Nursing home, located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. (São Paulo. 2014)

Cases of abandoned elderly are increasing worldwide. By and large, this group

struggles with the sudden change in living arrangement as well as abandonment by

their families. Consequently, many elderlies are forced into living in nursing homes

for the remainder of their lives. Abandonment among these elderly negatively affects

how they view themselves, which is detrimental to their health and well-being. Thus,

exploring the feelings of elderly regarding their abandonment and how they cope

becomes a major concern in caring for them. Recognizing the dearth of literature, this

grounded theory study purported to describe the process by which these elderly cope

with abandonment. A total of 24 abandoned Filipino elderly respondents were

purposively selected to take part in a semi structured in-depth interview. Following

the Glaserian approach, a four-part process emerged to describe the layer of human

experience under study. The R.O.P.E. to Cope Theory of Abandonment describes how

the elderly progress from the resisting, occupying, pondering, and embracing phases

toward successful coping. Understanding this process equips health care providers

with knowledge of appropriate interventions in the provision of holistic care to the

elderly. Ultimately, findings of this study will be helpful in assisting abandoned

elderly individuals in their path to achieving an improved quality of life and a happier

perspective on it. (De Guzman, 2012)

Aging in place is the initial goal of successful aging; surveys suggest that over

90 percent of aging adults would want to continue living independently for as long as

possible. Staying independent and living as healthy and as comfortable as possible

while staying at home is not as easy as many seniors would hope. With health issues
and no proper health care being provided around the clock, aging in place is a concept

that not many elderlies get a chance to enjoy. Unless of course you are Filipino, in

which case aging is place is not only an initial goal, but a tradition. Surprisingly, in

the last few years some Filipino Americans are following more westernized traditions

and are now willing to put their aging parents into nursing homes. The priority of

family in Filipino/Filipino American culture can in some cases create pressures on

caregivers that work to their own detriment. According to a study done in Los

Angeles about the culture of Filipinos; often times a specific family member will take

on all the responsibilities of taking care of the aging adult, this preference can put

them in a position of working in their jobs, taking care of ailing family members, and

maintaining a household all at one time. (Sibal, 2012)

The future seems brighter for the providers of nursing services to the country’s

growing population who are in their twilight years, but the family-oriented culture of

Filipinos somewhat hinders them from reaching their full potentials, according to a

German geriatric-care expert. At present, there are 7 million senior citizens in the

Philippines, of which 90 percent are not really taken care of. In year 2020 the growth

in their numbers is seen to double from 8 percent to 16 percent. Such expectation

opens a lot of opportunities for players in the geriatric care sector, which, according to

Daubenbuechel, is now being served by 20 to 25 private nursing homes, with a

combined capacity of between 300 beds and 500 beds, as well as a lot of Church-led

home-care institutions run by nuns and government-owned facilities under the

Department of Social Welfare and Development, like the Golden Acres, to name a

few. While more and more people are now turning to nursing homes to look after their

elderly relatives, however, the close family-ties tradition of Filipinos has prevented

some from doing so. This is because of the wrong perception that it’s defying the
norm of a typical household setup in the country, wherein the senior-aged parents,

grandparents and even close relatives usually live with their children, either single or

married, primarily for financial support and guardianship. He said the prevalence of

dementia among the aging population is likewise alarming. A geriatric-care facility

can help ease the family from the burden of handling it on their own. Dementia is a

broad category of brain diseases that cause a long-term, and often gradual decrease in

the ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person’s daily

functioning. Currently, it afflicts 170,000 elders nationwide. The number is projected

to increase to between 230,000 and 250,000 in the next five years, as per data from

the Dementia Society of the Philippines. (Abad, 2016)

Golden Acres is a one-hectare manage by DSWD for neglected and

abandoned older persons who aged 60 years and above. It is located at Misamis St.,

Bago Bantay in Quezon City beside SM North. The Golden Acres serves as a

residential home addressing the various needs of elderly residents to ensure their

health and well-being. Quarters, food, clothing and beddings are provided to

approximate family life. Activities like recreational and occupational are also

provided to enhance the residents' vocational skills and capacity to earn to prepare for

the day when they will be reintegrated with their relatives, if ever. Health and medical

services such as consultation, treatment and referral for physical and mental

conditions are also provided. Spiritual services, activities for social interaction,

relaxation and fun are present. The Golden Acres in Quezon City can accommodate

150 persons but with the present number of residents, the center is indeed cramped.

Golden Acres has a 235-bed capacity and a staff of 70 but it served an average of

more than 300 senior citizens from 2004 to 2008. Overcrowding, polluted and noisy

environment at the center has made the residents are prone to ailments such as skin
diseases, colds and flu. The goal of the center is to locate the relatives of residents for

family gathering. But if the relatives could not be traced, the elderly residents remain

at the center. (Cabral, 2009)

Related Studies

Filial piety means to take care of one's parents or respect for older people but

it was once taken for granted by China, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore and India, and

results to increasing number of elder abuse cases and abandonment of elderly parents.

The issue is very interesting, tackling the culture of the ‘me-first’ people and

prevention of the abandonment of the elderly is one of the significant problems. This

study wants to recommend taking care of our elderly parents. Because of the social

services, abandoning of elderly parents may not be that obvious. However, in

countries where there are little social services that care for the welfare of these elders,

then it becomes a crucial issue for all. (Chadwick, 2008)

Now-a-days, almost all the old age homes (OAHs) in India are fully occupied

with residents. Why Indian elderly have to reside in old age homes? It was explored

during the Ph.D. study titled „A Study of Psychiatric Morbidity, Quality of Life and

Expectations of Inmates of Old Age Homes in Northern India‟. The object of this

study was to explore the factors compelling elderly to reside in old age homes.

Methods: This study was carried out on 174 elderly residing in 14 different OAHs of

Uttar Pradesh, India. Factors responsible for their settlement in OAHs were explored

using interview method. Results: Misbehavior of son and daughters-in-law (29.8%)

was found to be most common reasons for residing in old age home. Conclusions:

Many elderly in India are opting OAHs as their place of stay in their later life.

Foreseeing the future, the government and voluntary agencies in India must make
arrangements for institutional support and care for the elderly. (King George’s

Medical University, UP, Lucknow, India)

In a private old age home at Trissur, a district in the central part of Kerala,

which is in fact an elderly hospice, the socio-economic profile of the respondents is

quite favorable as most of them belonged to reputed families of the place. Most of

them are terminally sick and their children feel that there is no one in the house to

care for their needs. Some of the respondents were brought to the institution bed

ridden but with rigorous treatment they are now mobile but still not accepted back

into the family. Their children are ready to pay any amount of money to the

authorities to accommodate their parents there. 10% of inmates voluntarily moved to

Old Age Homes to avoid inconveniences to their children or relatives. It is clear that

the proportion of inmates who arrived due to family problems was higher than that of

those who arrived due to economic or other reasons. In the case of chronically ill and

physically impaired respondents mostly it was either their relatives or their own

children bringing them to the old age homes and never bothering to take them back.

Children bring their parents when they are not well and when they cannot look after

their parents. Everyone is sick, unwell and desperate and has only one aim, to die

peacefully’. It was found that in most of their cases all their wishes were in vain either

because they felt themselves to be a burden to their children, or because there was no

one to look after them (as their children would be abroad or they would be

abandoned). With regard to the female respondents, almost half the percentage is

married and they are either deserted or widowed. They do not have any body to look

after them. Migration is another reason which has forced a large number of elderly to

reach the old age homes. This is the case of elderly living in private institutions and

was more common in Trissur and in the homes of the central part of Kerala. With
children migrating to foreign countries, the elderly is left to fend for themselves. They

stay alone for quite some time. But as health detonates both husband and wife shift to

old age homes. Most of the elderly living in paid homes comes under this category.

(Dr. Nair, Dr. Head)

Although most Filipinos try to live up to this expectation, some just cannot

and this is why elderly abandonment in the Philippines is happening. Over one and a

half million elderly Filipinos have been abandoned due to a number of reasons.

Reasons that are, in a way, due to existing problems in the society but mostly more on

the lack of having the right conscience. Filipinos have no intention to sacrifice family

but when times get rough the inevitable happens. People come from all walks of life.

Some can be very unfortunate when it comes to these situations. In other parts of the

globe, they have care centers and homes for the aged. This is not the case in

the Philippines. In fact, it is nonexistent. This gives the responsibility to the children

of the elderly or the family to take care of them. This can be very difficult when they

have health issues and the like. Their mentality to care for them until their final breath

can be very challenging for some. Of course, children will not have to think of this but

the adults do. But then they have families of their own and they need to provide for

their needs too. This becomes a problem when they are not financially stable. Another

problem is when they are not physically present since they are abroad or working hard

elsewhere in the Philippines or the world. (Utzurrum, 2015)

While nursing care has been investigated in the context of patient satisfaction,

health care delivery, nursing skill, and patient centered care, elderly patients’ nursing

care preferences have not been fully explored nor identified from the lens of utility

analysis. This study is a purposive sample of 300 Filipino geriatric patients from the

regions of Calabarzon and National Capital Region (NCR) participated and were
asked to rank cards from 1 to 12 relative to the following five attributes: waiting

response time, nursing uniform, empathetic capacity through time spent and eye

contact, and nursing skill based on their preferences. Results of conjoint analysis via

Sawtooth Software 18 indicated that nurse attire was the most important attribute

(57.26%) while empathetic capacity through eye contact was least important to

Filipino elderly (2.27%). Significant differences were found in the respondents’

profile. Among the given attributes, nursing uniform had the most impact in

determining an elderly choice of services. Conversely, eye contact had minimal

importance. In the health care setting, utilization of this study would allow nursing

care to refocus nursing care delivery to maximize satisfaction and hospital loyalty.

Future research may explore the cultural and regional differences in terms of

preferences among the elderly. (De Guzman, 2014)

This grounded study examined the process of acclimatization or the process of

changing perspectives of a person so as to get used to or feel “at home” among a

select group of Filipino elderly in a nursing care facility. As institutionalization of the

elderly is not typical in the Philippine context, varied responses were analyzed to

understand the factors and the course that an elderly person undergoes over a set

period of time to achieve acclimatization. Twenty elderly (n = 20) residents were

purposively recruited and subjected to an in-depth interview that chronicled their

experiences on their previous and present lives and on the process by which they were

able to adjust to a relatively new setting. Preliminarily, a robotfoto was devised to

obtain demographic data including visitation frequencies and familial relationships,

and this was followed by an in-depth interview. Through the constant comparison

method, an interesting model called the Hourglass of Acclimatization emerged. This

model yielded two distinct phases contributing to successful acclimatization. One is

the Conversion phase, or imbibing the main notion of transforming one's perspectives

of him or herself and his or her environment; there is also the Immersion phase, which

describes how an elderly involves him or herself completely into the life he or she is

supposed to live. This emerged model can contribute to the development of nursing

interventions focusing on elderly experiences in the entire course of relocation to a

new environment other than what they call “home.” (De Guzman, 2012)
 Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter deliberates the research method, environment, respondents,

summary of procedure and the data analysis which will provide an explanation of the

procedure used in analyzing the collected data.

Research Method

The study was conducted with the help of descriptive survey method. The

gathered data was collected using the questionnaire as an instrument. The

questionnaire was distributed to chosen respondents in Barangay Marigondon, Lapu-

Lapu City. This is to determine the feasibility of the project in the place. The gathered

data will be tabulated and computed for interpretation.

Environment

Marigondon is one of the Barangays of Lapu-Lapu City in the island province

of Cebu that is within Region VII in the Central Visayas area. According to Philippine

Standard Geographic Code which conducted a survey, as of 2015, Barangay

Marigondon has a population of 19,713 which is equivalent to 4.8% of population in

Lapu-Lapu City. It is accessible to beaches, resorts and other islands that are known in

the Philippines. It is also a great destination for relaxation and bonding and a good

escape from crowded city which elder’s want to refresh and reminisce. Lastly, it is

one of the booming barangay and soon will become a busy place.
Figure 2: MAP OF THE CEBU
Figure 3: MAP OF LAPU-LAPU
Figure 4: AREA OF THE PROPOSED SITE
Respondents

The following respondents came from different parts of Cebu province.

They are classified according to the range of their age. Twenty- five

questionnaires are to be given to the persons ranging 20 to 30 years old,

another twenty- five questionnaires to 31 to 40 years old and the remaining

fifty questionnaires are to be given to 41 years old and above, which will be

the main beneficiaries of the proposed project. The researcher distributed the

questionnaires according to the maturity of the respondents in order to retrieve

fair responses and perceptions which supply the information the researchers

needed.

Table 1 Respondents of the Study

RESPONDENTS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

20 to 30 years old 25 25%

31 to 40 years old 25 25%

41 years old and above 50 50%

TOTAL 100 PERSONS 100%

Instruments

A Questionnaire was prepared by the researchers and will be used as a survey

instrument. These serve as the main instrument of the study. Since the instrument is

self- formulated by the researchers, there is a need for further checking to a more

knowledgeable person. Laptop is also one of the instruments used in the whole

process of the study. The instrument mentioned was used to encode data and
information. Another instrument is Prepaid Wi-Fi; it helped gather information easy

and faster. Papers and Pen was also included in the instrument used in the study.

These were used to write down ideas, finalized and ready to be encoded.

Research Procedure

The researchers started the process by brainstorming some possible topics they

could propose. The researchers come up in proposing a private two-storey Home for

the Aged building. The research was conducted and found out that Home for the Aged

can rarely be seen in the Philippines. The researchers gathered some ideas from

different studies outside and inside the country through internet and scanning books.

The researchers also visited some existing Home for the Aged in the City of Cebu.

From the ideas and information that the researchers gathered, it results in designing

the proposed project according to the wants and needs of the beneficiaries.

The researchers gathered data by conducting a survey. A number of research

questionnaires are being formulated. The questionnaire was being reviewed and

tackled by the researchers. It was composed of questions which will determine the

rate of positive feedback about the study conducted. The questionnaires were

distributed to gather information. Questionnaires were distributed to selected

respondents and conducted a few minutes of interview to them. After the data has

been gathered, it has been tabulated, reviewed and interpreted by the researchers. The

results will help the researchers determined the feasibility of the proposed project in

the area.
 Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter discuss about the presentation, the analysis of data gathered and

interpretation of the results based on the questionnaires and documents.

Table 2 Demand of constructing a Home for the Aged

RESPONDENTS AGREE DISAGREE

20 to 30 10 15

31 to 40 24 1

41 and above 46 4

TOTAL 80 20

Legend:

Agree - number of respondents who are in favor for the construction of Home

for the Aged

Disagree – number of respondents who contradicts

The table shows that majority of the respondents are accepting the idea of

having a Home for the Aged in Cebu. A total of eighty percent agreed to the

construction of Home for the Aged in Barangay Marigondon while the remaining

twenty percent did not agree.

It is important to monitor the status of the elders in the community since they

once played a very important role in the country. After the hardship they encounter

during younger years, they need to relax, enjoy and experience life to the fullest.

Tabulated below are the actual statuses of the elders nowadays.

Table 2.1 Status of the elders in different community

Status TOTAL

With Medical Care and Assistance 12

Together with their family. 42

Unhappy, Left Alone, Mistreated, Still 46

working

According to the gathered data forty-six percent were unhappy, left alone and

mistreated by their families. Which means that the elders in Cebu are mostly being

left out alone and the worst part is they are still working for their own. Elders are

supposed to live the life they wanted, being cared and should taste the fruit of their

hard work.

Based on the table forty-two percent were together with their families. Some

chose to live by their families because they are still the one who takes good care for

their daughter and son who is very hardheaded and stubborn. It is one of the

characteristic of Filipinos to stick together whatever may happen but our elders need

extra service all the time. It is very important to monitor them every now and then.

The twelve percent shows that the elders are well treated and monitored daily

with their own nurse. It is best for the elders to be given a medical care and assistance.

There must be someone professional monitoring for them, understanding their attitude

and mostly attending to their needs.

Table 2.2. Status of Home for the Aged in different places

STATUS AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE

1. Limited space 
 2. Area not conducive for 

elders

3. Not accessible to 

Public Utility Vehicles

4. Good Service 

5. Well maintained 

facilities

Legend:

Agree – the respondent agreed to the status of Home for the Age in

different places.

Neutral- the respondent has a fair judgement between agree and

disagree.

Disagree- the respondent is not in favor of the status of Home for the

Aged.

According to researcher’s survey the Home for the Aged in different places

are accessible yet the surroundings is not well maintained. In one small room there are

almost fifteen elders. The space is limited and not conducive for the elders. They

cannot do things freely.

Facilities

Office is provided in the building to operate and function as the main

organizer of the building. Where important documents are kept and serves as the

receiving area.
 Chapel is necessary for the Filipino people especially the elders who are very

devoted to their religion. It is part of their daily routine to talk to God.

Clinic is a place where the elders can update and maintain about their health.

Dining caters food for the people inside the building. It must be convenient to

everyone not just for the elders but also for the staffs.

Library is an area where elders find comfort about the articles, fantasies, facts

and history. Elders usually love to read books.

Lobby is intended for elders who loves to watch televisions and chitchats with

their co-elders. It could also be a visiting area for elders who do not want to go

outside the building.

Visiting area is placed outside the building for them to breathe fresh air while

watching the environment inside the compound.

Recreational Area is a place where elders do their daily exercise and

activities. It is also for the people who want to mingle with the elders and talk to

them. It is also intended for gatherings and special events.

Bedrooms are design to be spacious in order for them to move freely and

sleep comfortably. In one room there are only seven occupants with comfort room.

Comfort Room is placed in every bedroom to cater the needs of the elders in

connection to their hygiene. The building also has a common comfort room intended

for visitors.

Parking Area is provided for the visitors and staffs to have a safe place for

their vehicles.

Garden Area an area which is intended for the elders who loves to plant and

water them daily. It is also an area to socialize with co-elders and make friendships

with them.
Amenities

Television is provided for the elders to entertain them and be aware of what

are the current issues of the country.

Wireless Internet Connection is installed to give the elders the freedom to

search and play online games for them to enhance their memory.

Books to give them information and learnings in any categories.

Altar to talk with God solemnly and pray.

Close Circuit Television should be installed in the building to ensure the

security of the people inside it and the building itself.

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN THE CONSTRUCTION

The table below shows the possible problems that might be encountered during constr

uction. It was tabulated and interpreted according to the difficulty of the problem.

Table 3 Problems in the Construction

PROBLEMS SERIOUS MERELY EXTREMELY

SERIOUS SERIOUS

FUNDING 

MANPOWER 

LAND OWNER 

SITE MANAGEMENT 

NOT A PRIORITY PROJECT 

Legend:

Serious- neutral problem which can be solve easily

Merely Serious- can be solve yet it takes more time and effort
 Extremely serious- strongly critical problems which might affect the

construction of the project.

Manpower is a serious one because you cannot choose a trusted laborer at a

certain time.

Funding is merely serious since it involves money and it takes time to

complete the certain amount of money through fund raising and donors.

Land Owner could be an extremely serious problem since we cannot assure

that he or she wants to sell his or her land for the construction of Home for the Aged.
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter shows the summary, findings, conclusion and recommendations

of the study. This study aims to determine the needs of the respondents and to achieve

with a good plan of the study about Home for the Aged in Barangay Marigondon to

give home for the elders.

SUMMARY

The ultimate goal of this study is to provide home for the elders and also to

give people the opportunity to work for their family. Considering the welfare of the

elder is very important for Filipinos by providing infrastructures to enhance the

services and also to provide activities that could satisfy the remaining years of their

existence.

This study uses the descriptive survey method, in which the questionnaires

serve as a tool in collecting data. It was conducted at Barangay Marigondon, its

adjacent Barangays and Cebu that results to have the proof of feasibility through

distributing questionnaires according to the maturity of the respondents starting at age

of 20 years old and above. The survey proves that the City needs a Home for the Aged

in order to enhance and improve the services and gives good environment for the

elders.

Moreover, this research was made to assure the standard design of a building

and materials according to its requirements using the NSCP 2010. The design and

structure were checked in order for it to resist from disasters such as earthquakes.
 FINDINGS

From the gathered data through the research and results of the survey

questionnaires, the researchers found out that:

1. The Barangay Marigondon is in need of Home for the Aged based from the

data gathered from the different respondents with a total of eighty percent

respondents agreed for the construction of Home for the Aged for the welfare

of the elders.

2. The status of the elders based on the gathered survey, forty-six percent of them

were unhappy, left alone and mistreated by their families. The result implied

that the place needs to have a home for the elders to take care of them

professionally.

3. The survey shows that the facilities and amenities that a Home for the Aged

should have an area for watching television, gardening, visiting area, library,

clinic, and chapel. If the project is realized, then the elders can live enjoyably

and comfortably together with their co-elders.

4. The possible problems that might encounter in the construction of Home for

the Aged are land owner, funding and manpower.

CONCLUSION

Based on the data gathered through research, documentaries and results of the

questionnaires, it has been concluded that the study about Home for the Aged in

Barangay Marigondon is relevant and acceptable to the residents of Barangay

Marigondon.

However, for the proposal to be realized, there are list of recommendations pertaining

to convenience, safety and maintenance of the building.

 RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the result of the findings it is recommended that there must be a

Home for the Aged because the elders are in need of shelter and care. Their status and

welfare are good factors of this study. By the construction of the Home for the Aged,

it will help the elders and the people to work for their family. The following

recommendations are offered according to the findings of the researchers;

1. The study should be presented to the Barangay Captain of Barangay

Marigondon and its community for a possible review and discussion on the

possible construction of Home for the Aged. With the help of the people

mention above, this project will be realized.

2. It is recommended that Home for the Aged should have the following facilities

and amenities that can provide the needs of the elders like garden, library, and

recreational rooms. The standard measurements and materials should follow

the NSCP code 2010 and could resist from disasters.

3. It is recommended that the design of the building should have proper

ventilation, important facilities and could satisfy the likes of the elders.

4. To solve the possible problems that might be encountered during the

construction of the project like manpower and funding it is recommended that:

 For the land owner, negotiation might be a possible solution. Get his or

her attention to make him or her realized the importance of caring the

elders through selling his or her land to the management.

 For manpower, it is recommended that we are open for those who want

to help and willing to give a time for the welfare of the elders.

Volunteers are welcome to join.

 For the funding, since Filipinos cared so much for the elders then there

must be an allocated budget for the construction. Fund raisings and

donations are also a big help for the project.

APPENDICES
 APPENDIX A

Transmittal Letter to the Dean

Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF THE VISAYAS
Colon St., Cebu City

September 12, 2018

ARCH. ADELINE-CORTEZ LAURON

Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture
University of the Visayas
Colon St., Cebu City

Dear Ar. Lauron,

Good day.

We are currently pursuing our Civil Engineering Project (CE 155) and part of the
requirements of the subject is to conduct a study. The approve study of our thesis is
“A FEASIBILTY STUDY OF A 2-STOREY HOME FOR THE AGED IN
BARANGAY MARIGONDON, LAPU-LAPU CITY”.

We are humbly asking your permission to allow us to continue our research and
administer the questionnaire to our dearest respondents.

Hoping that you may consider this humble request.

Very truly yours,

JUDITH H. ASIS

LEAH XANDRA L. AQUE

SHEENA LORRAINE G. GUMAWA

ROSE KRISTINE MARIE E. PATIGDAS

JOBELLE FAITH E. TEREZ

MARTIE RITA C. ZAMORA

Noted by:

NIMFA O. RODRIGUEZ, Ph. D.

Adviser

APPROVED:

ARCH. ADELINE-CORTEZ LAURON

Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture

 APPENDIX B

Transmittal Letter to the Adviser of University of

the Visayas-Main Campus

Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF THE VISAYAS
Colon St., Cebu City

August 20, 2018

Engr. Ramiel To-ong

Civil Engineering Instructor
UNIVERSITY OF THE VISAYAS-MAIN CAMPUS
Colon St., Cebu City

Sir:

Good Day.

We would like to ask your permission to be our adviser in relation to our project study
entitled “A FEASIBILTY STUDY OF A 2-STOREY HOME FOR THE AGED
IN BARANGAY MARIGONDON, LAPU-LAPU CITY”. The following names
mentioned below are the researchers from BSCE.

Hoping that you may consider this humble request.

Very truly yours,

JUDITH H. ASIS

ROSE KRISTINE MARIE E. PATIGDAS

LEAH XANDRA L. AQUE

JOBELLE FAITH E. TEREZ

SHEENA LORRAINE G. GUMAWA

MARTIE RITA C. ZAMORA

APPROVED:

ENGR. RAMIEL TO-ONG

BSCE Advicer/Instructor
 APPENDIX C

Dear Respondent,

We are currently working on our project study entitled “A FEASIBILTY

STUDY OF A 2-STOREY HOME FOR THE AGED IN BARANGAY
MARIGONDON, LAPU-LAPU CITY”, as a requirement for the completion of our
subject Civil Engineering Project Study (CE 155) at the University of the Visayas-
Main Campus, Colon St., Cebu City. The goal of this proposal is to provide an
economically, financially and home-a-like dwelling place for the elders and to
give the elders of the community and the quality of life they need and deserve.
This proposal also indicates the best solution for the growing population of the elders
in Cebu City.

Thus, with your permission, we are respectfully asking about 3-5 minutes of
your time to complete the attached questionnaire with some interviews. Your
participation is voluntary and if you choose not to participate, there will be no
consequence, penalty or any loss of benefit to you. Rest assured, your participation is
considered anonymous as no identifying information will be collected. The data that
you will provide will be treated with outmost respect and confidentially, and that the
results will be used for research and educational purposed only.

As a respondent in this study, you should understand the following: (1) you
may decline to participate at any time without consequences. (2) Your identity will be
kept confidential. (3) The researcher has thoroughly explained the parameters of the
study and all of your concerns have been addressed. (4) Data will be stored in a secure
area. (5) the research result will be used for the academic requirements only.

By returning the answered questionnaire, you acknowledge that you

understand the nature of the study, the potential risks to you as a participant, and the
means by which your identity will be kept confidential. And this also indicates that
you give permission to voluntarily serve as a respondent in the study described.

Thank you.

Very truly yours,

 ______________

JUDITH H. ASIS

______________________
LEAH XANDRA L. AQUE

_______________________
SHEENA LORRAINE G. GUMAWA

________________________
ROSE KRISTINE MARIE E. PATIGDAS

_________________________
JOBELLE FAITH E. TEREZ

_________________________
MARTIE RITA C. ZAMORA
 APPENDIX D

July 06, 2018

Dear Ma’am/ Sir,

A Greeting of Peace and Joy!

We the 5th year Civil Engineering Students of the University of the Visayas would
formally request from your good office to grant us the permission to conduct study
entitled “A FEASIBILITY STUDY OFA TWO-STOREY HOME FOR THE
AGED IN BRGY. MARIGONDON, LAPU-LAPU CITY” which is in connection
with the requirements of our subject CE 155 “Civil Engineering Project Study”.

Hoping for your kind consideration and approval on the request.

Respectfully yours,

Civil Engineering Students;

Judith H. Asis Rose Kristine Marie E.Patigdas

Leah Xandra L. Aque Jobelle Faith E. Terez

Sheena Lorraine G. Gumawa Martie Rita C. Zamora

Noted by: Recommending Approval:

DR. NIMFA O. RODRIGUEZ ARCH’T. ADELINE C.

LAURON
Program Coordinator DEAN, College of Eng’g & Arch’t
 APPENDIX H

STRUCTURAL COMPUTATION

COMPUTATION FOR THE THICKNESS OF SLAB IN ROOF DECK

*Consider 1 meter strip*

 fc’ = 20.7 MPa (3000psi)

 fy = 275 MPa (grade 40)

Thickness of slab (h)

𝐿
(𝑂𝑛𝑒 − 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠)
24

𝑓𝑦
(0.4 + ) (𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 ∗ 𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 2010)
700

𝐿 𝑓𝑦
ℎ= (0.4 + )
24 700

3000 275
ℎ= (0.4 + )
24 700

h= 99.11 mm say 200 mm

 ø
𝑑 = 𝑡 − 𝑑’ −
2

Use 16mm ø:

16
𝑑 = 200 − 40 −
2

𝑑 = 152𝑚𝑚

𝑁
Dead Load= 30.01 𝑚2

𝑁
Live Load= 5.7 𝑚2

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)

𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(30.01) + 1.6(5.7) = 45.132 𝑚2

For simply supported:

𝑊𝑢 𝐿2
𝑀𝑢 = 8

45.132(8.5)2
𝑀𝑢 =
8

𝑀𝑢 = 407.598 or 407598375 N − mm

Compute values of ρ:

1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑦 = 275 = 0.00509

0.85 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85 (20.7)(0.85)(600)

𝜌𝑏 = = = 0.03729
𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦) (275)(600+275)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75(0.03729)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.02797

𝑀𝑢 = ø fc’𝑏𝑑 2 ω (1 – 0.59ω)

407598375= (0.90) (20.7) (1000) (1522 ) (ω) (1 – 0.59ω)

ω= 0.59𝜔2 = .95

𝜔2 - 1.69ω= 1.61

−𝑏 ± √−𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 −1.69 ± √−1.692 − 4(1)(−1.61)

=
2𝑎 2(1)

ω= 0.68

𝜔𝑓𝑐′ 0.68(20.7)
ρ= = = 0.051
𝑓𝑦 275

ρ > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

0.051 > 0.00509

Use ρ = 0.051

Compute Steel Requirements

𝐴𝑠 = ρbd = 0.051(1000)(152) = 7752 𝑚𝑚2

Compute spacing of bars: (Use 16mm ø)

1000
=𝑛
𝑆

𝜋
𝐴𝑠 = (16)2 = 201.06𝑚𝑚2
4

1000
(201.06) = 7752
𝑆
S = 22.9365 say 50mm o.c < 500mm

Compute spacing of 10mm ø temperature bar

𝐴𝑠 = (0.0002)(𝑏)(ℎ)

𝐴𝑠 = (0.0002)(1000)(200)

𝐴𝑠 = 40𝑚𝑚2

1000 𝜋
( (10)2 ) = 40
𝑆 4

S = 1963.50mm

1963.50 > 500mm

So use spacing of 500mm O.C

*Furnished steel area

𝐴𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
=
1000 𝑆

𝐴𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 201.06
=
1000 40

𝐴𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 = 5026.5 𝑚𝑚2

2
(5026.5) = 3357 𝑚𝑚2
3
 COMPUTATION FOR 2ND FLOOR SLAB

*Consider 1 meter strip*

 fc’ = 20.7 MPa (3000psi)

 fy = 275 MPa (grade 40)

Thickness of slab (h)

𝐿
(𝑂𝑛𝑒 − 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠)
24

𝑓𝑦
(0.4 + ) (𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 ∗ 𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 2010)
700

𝐿 𝑓𝑦
ℎ= (0.4 + )
24 700

3000 275
ℎ= (0.4 + )
24 700

ℎ = 99.11 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 250 𝑚𝑚

ø
𝑑 = 𝑡 − 𝑑’ −
2
𝑈𝑠𝑒 16𝑚𝑚 ø:

16
𝑑 = 250 − 40 −
2

𝑑 = 202𝑚𝑚

Dead Load= 30.0135

Live Load= 8.7

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(30.0135) + 1.6(8.7)

𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = 49.9362
𝑚2

For simply supported:

𝑊𝑢 𝐿2
𝑀𝑢 = 8

49.9362(8.5)2
𝑀𝑢 = 8

𝑀𝑢 = 450.99 or 450986306.3 N-mm

Compute values of ρ:

1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑦 = 275 = 0.00509

0.85 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85 (20.7)(0.85)(600)

𝜌𝑏 = = = 0.03729
𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦) (275)(600+275)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75(0.03729)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.02797

𝑀𝑢 = ø fc’𝑏𝑑 2 ω (1 – 0.59ω)
450986306.3= (0.90)(20.7)(1000)(202)2 )(ω)(1 – 0.59ω)

ω= 0.59𝜔2 = 0.59

𝜔2 - 1.69ω= 1

−𝑏 ± √−𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 −1.69 ± √−1.692 − 4(1)(−1)

=
2𝑎 2(1)

ω= 0.62

𝜔𝑓𝑐′ 0.62(20.7)
ρ= = = 0.047
𝑓𝑦 275

ρ > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

0.047 > 0.00509

Use ρ = 0.047

Compute Steel Requirements

𝐴𝑠 = ρbd = 0.047(1000)(202) = 9494𝑚𝑚2

Compute spacing of bars: (Use 16mm ø)

1000
=𝑛
𝑆

𝜋
𝐴𝑠 = (16)2 = 201.06𝑚𝑚2
4

1000
(201.06) = 9494 𝑚𝑚2
𝑆

S = 21.18 say 50mm o.c < 500mm

Compute spacing of 10mm ø temperature bar

𝐴𝑠 = (0.0002)(𝑏)(ℎ)

𝐴𝑠 = (0.0002)(1000)(250)

𝐴𝑠 = 50𝑚𝑚2

1000 𝜋
( (10)2 ) = 50
𝑆 4

S = 1570.80 mm

1570.80 > 500 mm

So use spacing of 500mm O.C

*Furnished steel area

𝐴𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
=
1000 𝑆

𝐴𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 201.06
=
1000 50

𝐴𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 = 4021.2 𝑚𝑚2

2
(4021.2) = 2680.8 𝑚𝑚2
3
 COMPUTATION FOR GROUND FLOOR SLAB

*Consider 1 meter strip*

 fc’ = 20.7 MPa (3000psi)

 fy = 275 MPa (grade 40)

Thickness of slab (h)

𝐿
(𝑂𝑛𝑒 − 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠)
24

𝑓𝑦
(0.4 + ) (𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 ∗ 𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 2010)
700

𝐿 𝑓𝑦
ℎ= (0.4 + )
24 700

3000 275
ℎ= (0.4 + )
24 700

h= 99.11 mm say 200 mm

ø
𝑑 = 𝑡 − 𝑑’ −
2
𝑈𝑠𝑒 16𝑚𝑚 ø:

16
𝑑 = 200 − 40 −
2

𝑑 = 152 𝑚𝑚

𝑁
Dead Load= 33.543 𝑚2

𝑁
Live Load= 14.4
𝑚2

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(𝐷𝐿) + 1.6(𝐿𝐿)

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(53.543) + 1.6(14.4)

𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = 63.29
𝑚2

For simply supported:

𝑊𝑢 𝐿2
𝑀𝑢 = 8

63.29(6.5)2
𝑀𝑢 = 8

𝑀𝑢 = 334.25 or 334250000 N-mm

Compute values of ρ:

1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑦 = 275 = 0.00509

0.85 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85 (20.7)(0.85)(600)

𝜌𝑏 = = = 0.03729
𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦) (275)(600+275)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75(0.03729)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.02797
𝑀𝑢 = ø fc’𝑏𝑑2 ω (1 – 0.59ω)

334250000= (0.90)(20.7)(1000)(202)2 )(ω)(1 – 0.59ω)

ω= 0.59𝜔2 = .78

𝜔2 - 1.69ω= 1.32

−𝑏 ± √−𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 −1.69 ± √−1.692 − 4(1)(−1.32)

=
2𝑎 2(1)

ω= 0.58

𝜔𝑓𝑐′ 0.58(20.7)
ρ= = = 0.044
𝑓𝑦 275

ρ > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

0.044 > 0.00509

Use ρ = 0.044

Compute Steel Requirements

𝐴𝑠 = ρbd = 0.044(1000)(202) = 6688 𝑚𝑚2

Compute spacing of bars: (Use 16mm ø)

1000
=𝑛
𝑆

𝜋
𝐴𝑠 = (16)2 = 201.06 𝑚𝑚2
4

1000
(201.06) = 6688 𝑚𝑚2
𝑆

S = 30.06 say 50mm o.c < 500mm

Compute spacing of 10mm ø temperature bar

𝐴𝑠 = (0.0002)(𝑏)(ℎ)

𝐴𝑠 = (0.0002)(1000)(200)

𝐴𝑠 = 40𝑚𝑚2

1000 𝜋
( (10)2 ) = 40
𝑆 4

S = 1963.5 mm

1963.5 > 500mm

So use spacing of 500mm O.C

*Furnished steel area

𝐴𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
=
1000 𝑆

𝐴𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 201.06
=
1000 40

𝐴𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 = 5026.5 𝑚𝑚2

2
(5026.5) = 3357 𝑚𝑚2
3
 COMPUTATION FOR THE DIMENSION OF BEAM IN ROOF DECK

Use dimension for beam= 250mm x 600mm

fc’= 20.70 MPa

fy= 415 MPa

Covering= 65mm

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600)
𝜌𝑏 =
𝑓𝑦(600 + 𝑓𝑦)

0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600)
𝜌𝑏 =
415(600 + 415)

𝜌𝑏 = 0.0213

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75(0.213)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.016 (𝑈𝑠𝑒 90% 𝑜𝑓 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 )

𝜌 = 0.016(0.90) = 0.0144

𝐴𝑠1 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 ; d= 600- 65= 535

𝐴𝑠1 = 0.0144(250)(535)

𝐴𝑠1 = 1926 𝑚𝑚2

𝜌𝑓𝑦
ω= 𝑓𝑐′

0.0144(415)
ω= = 0.29
20.7
Check first whether compression steel yield

𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′𝑎𝑏

1926(415) = 0.85(20.7)(𝑎)(250)

𝑎 = 181.71

𝑎 = 𝛽𝑐

181.71 = 0.82 (𝑐)

𝑐 = 213.78 𝑚𝑚

0.003(𝑑 − 𝑐)
𝜀𝑠 =
𝑐

0.003(535 − 213.78)
𝜀𝑠 = = 0.0045
213.78

250
So ø = 0.65+ (0.0045-0.002) ( ) = 0.86
3

𝜀𝑠 ′ 0.003
=
148.78 213.78

𝜀𝑠′ = 0.002088

𝑓𝑦 415
𝜀𝑦 = = = 0.002075
𝐸𝑠 200000

𝜀𝑦 < 𝜀𝑠′ = 0.002075 < 0.002088 (𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠)

𝜀𝑠 > 𝜀𝑦 = 0.0045 > 0.002075 (𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠)

𝑀1 = ø(𝑓𝑐′𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔)(𝑏𝑑2 )

𝑀1 = 0.86(20.7(0.29)(1 − (0.59)(0.29))(250)(535)2 )
𝑀1 = 306207981.7 𝑜𝑟 306.21 𝐾𝑛 − 𝑚

Computation for the allowable design moment in roof deck

𝐾𝑛
Dead Load= 44.13 𝑚2

𝐾𝑛
Live Load= 5.7 𝑚2

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(𝐷𝐿) + 1.6(𝐿𝐿)

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(44.13) + 1.6(5.7)

𝑊𝑢 = 62.02 𝐾𝑛 − 𝑚

1
𝑀𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 =12 𝑊𝑢 𝐿2

1
𝑀𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 =12 (62.02)(8.5)2

𝑀𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 373.77

𝑀1 < 𝑀 = 306.21 < 373.77

𝑀2 = 𝑀 − 𝑀1

𝑀2 = 373.77 − 306.21

𝑀2 = 67.56 𝐾𝑛 − 𝑚

𝑀2 = ø𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦(𝑑 − 𝑑′ )
67560000 = 0.86(𝐴𝑠2 )(415)(535 − 65)

𝐴𝑠2 = 402.76

𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2

𝐴𝑠 = 1926 + 402.76

𝐴𝑠 = 2328.76

Use: 2-20ø mm and 6-20ø mm

𝜋 𝜋
(20)2 (2) + (20)2 (6) = 2513.27
4 4

Our assumption that 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 = 𝑓𝑠 ′ is correct

𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑠 ′

𝑓𝑦 = 𝑓𝑠 ′

𝐴𝑠2 = 𝐴𝑠′

𝐴𝑠 ′ = 402.76 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
(20)2 (2) = 628.32 𝑚𝑚2
4

Check whether compression yields

0.85𝛽𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑑′ (600) 0.85(0.85)(20.7)(65)(600)

𝜌 − 𝜌’ > = = 0.0142
𝑓𝑦(𝑑)(600 − 𝑓𝑦) 415(535)(600 − 415)

𝜋2
𝐴𝑠 ′ 4 (20 )(2)
𝜌’ = = = 0.0047
𝑏𝑑 250(535)

2513.27
𝜌= = 0.019
250(535)
𝜌 − 𝜌’ = 0.019 − 0.0047

𝜌 − 𝜌’ = 0.0143

0.0143 > 0.0142 (𝑂𝐾)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0213 + 0.0047

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0207

0.0207 > 0.0019 (𝑂𝐾)

𝑑′ 1 𝑓𝑦
< (1 − )
𝑎 0.85 600

65 1 415
< (1 − )
181.71 0.85 600

0.357 < 0.362 (𝑂𝐾)

𝑴𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 :

𝐴𝑠2 = 628.32 𝑚𝑚2

𝑀2 = ø𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦(𝑑 − 𝑑′ )

𝑀2 = (0.86)(628.32)(415)(552.5 − 65)

𝑀2 = 105396281.8 𝑜𝑟 105.396

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = M1 + M2

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 105.396 + 306.21

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 411.606 𝐾𝑛 − 𝑚
 𝑴𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝑹𝒐𝒐𝒇 𝑫𝒆𝒄𝒌

RDB-1 to 8

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(3) = 10.593

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.2)(3) = 14.124

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 24.717

𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(24.717) + 1.6(5.76) = 38.78

1
𝑀𝑢 = (38.78)(32 ) = 29.085
12

RDB-9 to 17

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(8.5) = 30.01

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.2)(3) = 14.12

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 44.13

𝐿𝐿 = 1.9(3) = 5.7

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(44.13) + 1.6(5.7) = 62.08

1
𝑀𝑢 = (62.08)(8.52 ) = 373.77
12

RDB-10 to 16

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.2)(3) = 14.124

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 14.124
𝐿𝐿 = 1.9(3) = 5.7

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(14.124) + 1.6(5.7) = 26.064

1
𝑀𝑢 = (26.064)(8.52 ) = 156.90
12

RDB-18 to 25

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.2)(7.5) = 35.31

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 35.31

𝐿𝐿 = 1.9(3) = 5.7

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(35.31) + 1.6(5.7) = 51.49

1
𝑀𝑢 = (51.49)(32 ) = 38.62
12

RDB-26 to 34

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(6.5) = 22.95

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.2)(3) = 14.12

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 37.074

𝐿𝐿 = 1.9(3) = 5.7

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(37.074) + 1.6(5.7) = 53.60

1
𝑀𝑢 = (53.60)(6.52 ) = 188.72
12
RDB- 27; 28; 31; 32; 33

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.2)(3) = 14.12

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 14.12

𝐿𝐿 = 1.9(3) = 5.7

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(14.12) + 1.6(5.7) = 26.06

1
𝑀𝑢 = (26.06)(6.52 ) = 91.75
12

RDB- 29

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(1.25) = 4.41

𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(. 15)(0.25) = 0.88

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.2)(3) = 14.124

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 19.41

𝐿𝐿 = 1.9(3) = 5.7

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(19.41) + 1.6(5.7) = 32.41

1
𝑀𝑢 = (32.41)(6.52 ) = 114.11
12

RDB- 30

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(1.25) = 4.41

𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(. 15)(1.98) = 6.99

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.2)(3) = 14.124

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 25.524

𝐿𝐿 = 1.9(3) = 5.7

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(25.524) + 1.6(5.7) = 39.75

1
𝑀𝑢 = (39.75)(6.52 ) = 139.95
12

RDB- 35; 36; 37; 39; 40; 41; 42

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(3) = 10.593

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.2)(3) = 14.12

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 24.717

𝐿𝐿 = 1.9(3) = 5.7

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(24.717) + 1.6(5.7) = 38.78

1
𝑀𝑢 = (38.78)(32 ) = 29.085
12

RDB- 38

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(3) = 10.593

𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(. 15)(1.25) = 4.41

𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(. 15)(0.25) = 0.88

𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(. 15)(1.98) = 6.99

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.2)(3) = 14.124

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 36.997
𝐿𝐿 = 1.9(3) = 5.7

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(36.977) + 1.6(5.7) = 53.52

1
𝑀𝑢 = (53.52)(32 ) = 40.14
12

COMPUTATION FOR THE DIMENSION OF BEAM IN 2nd FLOOR

Use dimension for beam= 300mm x 650mm

fc’= 20.70 MPa

fy= 415 MPa

Covering= 65mm

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600)
𝜌𝑏 =
𝑓𝑦(600 + 𝑓𝑦)

0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600)
𝜌𝑏 =
415(600 + 415)

𝜌𝑏 = 0.02130

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75(0.213)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.016 (𝑈𝑠𝑒 90% 𝑜𝑓 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 )

𝜌 = 0.016(0.90) = 0.0144

𝐴𝑠1 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 ; d= 650- 65- 12.5- 20=552.5

𝐴𝑠1 = 0.0144(300)(552.2)
𝐴𝑠1 = 2386.8 𝑚𝑚2

𝜌𝑓𝑦 0.0144(415)
ω= = = 0.29
𝑓𝑐 ′ 20.7

Check first whether compression steel yield

𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′𝑎𝑏

2386.8(415) = 0.85(20.7)(𝑎)(300)

𝑎 = 187.65

𝑎 = 𝛽𝑐

187.65 = 0.82𝑐

𝑐 = 220.77 𝑚𝑚

0.03(𝑑 − 𝑐)
𝜀𝑠 =
𝑐

0.03(552.5 − 220.77)
𝜀𝑠 = = 0.0045
220.77

250
So ø = 0.65+ (0.0045-0.002) ( ) = 0.86
3

𝜀𝑠 ′ 0.003
=
155.77 2220.77

𝜀𝑠′ = 0.0021

𝑓𝑦 415
𝜀𝑦 = = = 0.002075
𝐸𝑠 200000

𝜀𝑦 < 𝜀𝑠′ = 0.002075 < 0.0021 (𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠)

𝜀𝑠 > 𝜀𝑦 = 0.0045 > 0.002075 (𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠)

𝑀1 = ø(𝑓𝑐′𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔)(𝑏𝑑2 )

𝑀1 = (0.86(20.7(0.29)(1 − 0.59(0.29)(300)(552.5)2 )

𝑀1 = 391881492.7 𝑜𝑟 391.88 𝐾𝑛 − 𝑚

Computation for the allowable design moment in 2nd floor

𝐾𝑛
Dead Load= 47.67 𝑚2

𝐾𝑛
Live Load= 8.7 𝑚2

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(𝐷𝐿) + 1.6(𝐿𝐿)

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(47.67) + 1.6(8.7)

𝑊𝑢 = 71.124 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

1
𝑀𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 =12 𝑊𝑢 𝐿2

1
𝑀𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 =12 (71.124)(8.5)2

𝑀𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 428.23

𝑀1 < 𝑀 = 391.88 < 428.23

𝑀2 = 𝑀 − 𝑀1

𝑀2 = 428.23 − 391.88

𝑀2 = 36.35 𝑜𝑟 36350000 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
𝑀2 = ø𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦(𝑑 − 𝑑′ )

36350000 = 0.86(𝐴𝑠2 )(415)(552.5 − 65)

𝐴𝑠2 = 224.6

𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2

𝐴𝑠 = 2386.8 + 224.6

𝐴𝑠 = 3004.91

Use: 8-28mmø bars

𝜋 𝜋
𝐴𝑠 = (202 )(2) + (202 )(8) = 3141.59
4 4

Our assumption that 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 = 𝑓𝑠 ′ is correct

𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑦

𝑓𝑦 + 𝑓𝑠’

𝐴𝑠 ′ = 𝐴𝑠2

𝐴𝑠 ′ = 224.6

Use: 4-28mmø bars

𝜋
(202 )(2) = 628.32 𝑚𝑚2
4

Check whether compression bars will yields

0.85𝛽𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑑′ (600) 0.85(0.85)(20.7)(65)(600)

𝜌 − 𝜌’ > = = 0.0138
𝑓𝑦(𝑑)(600 − 𝑓𝑦) 415(552.5)(600 − 415)
 𝐴𝑠 ′ 628.32
𝜌’ = = = 0.0038
𝑏𝑑 300(552.5)

3141.59
𝜌= = 0.0019
300(552.5)

𝜌 − 𝜌’ = 0.019 − 0.0038

0.0152 > 0.0138 (𝑂𝐾)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 + 𝜌′

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.016 + 0.0038

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.02

0.02 > 0.019 (𝑂𝐾)

𝑑′ 1 𝑓𝑦
< (1 − )
𝑎 0.85 600

65 1 415
< (1 − )
208.50 0.85 600

0.31 < 0.36 (𝑂𝐾)

𝑴𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 :

𝐴𝑠2 = 628.32 𝑚𝑚2

𝑀2 = ø𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦(𝑑 − 𝑑′ )

𝑀2 = (0.80)(628.32)(415)(552.5 − 65)

𝑀2 = ø101693592 𝑜𝑟 101.69

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = M1 + M2
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 391.88 + 101.69

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 493.57 𝐾𝑛 − 𝑚

𝑴𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 (𝟐𝒏𝒅 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒐𝒓 𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒎)

B1-01; 02; 03

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(3) = 10.593

𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(10.593) + 1.6(5.76) = 21.9276

1
𝑀𝑢 = 12 (21.9276)(32 ) = 16.45

B1-04

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(3) = 10.593

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(3) = 17.66

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 28.253

𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(28.253) + 1.6(5.76) = 43.12

1
𝑀𝑢 = 12 (43.12)(32 ) = 32.34

B1-05; 06

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(3) = 10.593

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(3) = 17.66

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 28.253

𝐿𝐿 = 4.8(3) = 14.4

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(28.253) + 1.6(14.4) = 56.944

1
𝑀𝑢 = (56.944)(32 ) = 42.708
12

B1-07; 08

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(3) = 10.593

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(3) = 17.66

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 28.253

𝐿𝐿 = 2.9(3) = 8.7

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(28.253) + 1.6(8.7) = 47.824

1
𝑀𝑢 = (47.824)(32 ) = 35.87
12

B1-09

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(8.5) = 30.0135

𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(30.0135) + 1.6(5.76) = 45.2322

1
𝑀𝑢 = (45.2322)(8.52 ) = 272.34
12
B1-10

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.10)(6) = 14.124

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(1.5) = 8.83

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 22.954

𝐿𝐿 = 4.8(3) = 14.4

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(22.954) + 1.6(14.4) = 50.585

1
𝑀𝑢 = (50.585)(62 ) = 157.76
12

B1-11

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.10)(6) = 14.124

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(3) = 17.66

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 31.784

𝐿𝐿 = 4.8(3) = 14.4

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(31.784) + 1.6(14.4) = 61.1804

1
𝑀𝑢 = (61.1804)(62 ) = 183.54
12

B1-12; 13

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.10)(8.5) = 14.124

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(3) = 17.66

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 31.784
𝐿𝐿 = 2.9(3) = 8.7

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(31.784) + 1.6(8.7) = 52.061

1
𝑀𝑢 = (52.061)(62 ) = 156.183
12

B1-14

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(8.5) = 31.0135

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(3) = 17.66

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 47.67

𝐿𝐿 = 2.9(3) = 8.7

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(47.67) + 1.6(8.7) = 71.124

1
𝑀𝑢 = (71.124)(8.52 ) = 428.23
12

B1-15; 16

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.10)(3) = 7.062

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(7.5) = 44.14

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 57.20

𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(57.20) + 1.6(5.76) = 70.66

1
𝑀𝑢 = (70.66)(32 ) = 17.66
12
B1-17

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.10)(3) = 7.062

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(3.25) = 22.07

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 29.132

𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(29.132) + 1.6(5.76) = 56.17

1
𝑀𝑢 = (56.17)(32 ) = 42.13
12

B1-18; 19; 20; 21

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.10)(3) = 7.06

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(7.5) = 42.76

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 49.732

𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(49.732) + 1.6(5.76) = 68.90

1
𝑀𝑢 = (68.90)(32 ) = 57.675
12

B1-22

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(6.5) = 22.95

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(1.5) = 8.83

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 31.78
𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(31.78) + 1.6(5.76) = 47.352

1
𝑀𝑢 = (47.352)(6.52 ) = 166.72
12

B1-23

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.10)(6.5) = 15.301

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(1.5) = 8.83

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 24.131

𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(24.131) + 1.6(5.76) = 38.17

1
𝑀𝑢 = 12 (38.17)(6.52 ) = 134.39

B1-24

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.10)(6.5) = 15.301

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(3) = 17.66

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 32.961

𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(32.961) + 1.6(5.76) = 48.77

1
𝑀𝑢 = (48.77)(6.52 ) = 171.71
12
B1-25

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.10)(6.5) = 15.301

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(1.5) = 8.83

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 24.131

𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(24.131) + 1.6(5.76) = 38.1732

1
𝑀𝑢 = (38.1732)(6.52 ) = 134.40
12

B1-26; 27; 28; 29

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.10)(6.5) = 15.301

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(3) = 17.66

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 32.961

𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(32.961) + 1.6(5.76) = 48.7692

1
𝑀𝑢 = (48.77)(6.52 ) = 171.711
12

B1-30

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(6.5) = 22.9575

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(3) = 17.66

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 40.612
𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(40.612) + 1.6(5.76) = 57.9504

1
𝑀𝑢 = (57.9504)(6.5) = 204.034
12

B1-31

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(3) = 10.593

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(1.5) = 8.83

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 19.423

𝐿𝐿 = 4.8(3) = 14.4

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(19.423) + 1.6(14.4) = 46.35

1
𝑀𝑢 = (46.35)(32 ) = 34.76
12

B1-32; 33

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(3) = 10.593

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(3) = 17.66

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 28.253

𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(28.253) + 1.6(5.76) = 43.12

1
𝑀𝑢 = (43.12)(32 ) = 32.34
12
B1-34

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(3) = 10.593

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(1.5) = 8.83

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 19.423

𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(19.423) + 1.6(5.76) = 32.5236

1
𝑀𝑢 = (432.5236)(32 ) = 24.39
12

B1-35; 36; 37; 38

𝐷𝐿𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 23.54(0.15)(3) = 10.593

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 23.54(0.25)(3) = 17.66

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐿 = 28.253

𝐿𝐿 = 1.92(3) = 5.76

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(28.253) + 1.6(5.76) = 43.12

1
𝑀𝑢 = (43.12)(32 ) = 32.34
12
 DESIGN OF COLUMN

Dimension= 500mm x 600mm

fy= 415 𝑀𝑢 = 649.32

fc’= 28 MPa 𝑃𝑢 = 780.07

e= 500 MPa

Assume all steel yields:

𝜋
As= 4 (282 )(6) = 3694.52

𝐴𝑠1 = 3078.76 𝑚𝑚2

T + 𝑃𝑛 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2

Asfy + 𝑃𝑛 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏 + 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑦

𝑃𝑛 = (0.85)(28)(𝑎)(500) = 11900

∈ 𝑀𝐴 = 0
𝑃𝑛 (737.50) = 𝐶1 (537.5 − .5𝑎) + 𝐶2 (475)

11900𝑎(737.50) = (0.85)(28)(𝑎)(500)(537.5 − .5𝑎) + (3694.52)(415)(475)

8776250𝑎 = 6396250𝑎 − 5950𝑎2 + 728282255

5950𝑎2 + 2380000𝑎 − 728282255 = 0

𝑎2 + 400𝑎 − 122400.4 = 0

𝑎 = 203 𝑚𝑚

𝑃𝑛 = (203)(11900) = 2415700 𝑁 𝑜𝑟 2416 𝐾𝑛

𝑃𝑢 = ø𝑃𝑛 = 0.70(2416 = 1691.2 𝐾𝑛

𝑎 = 𝛽𝑐

203 = .82(𝑐)

𝑐 = 238.82 𝑚𝑚

𝜀𝑠 ′ . 003
=
176.32 238.82

𝜀𝑠′ = 0.0022 > 0.002075

𝜀𝑠 . 003
=
298.68 238.82

𝜀𝑠 = 0.0038 > 0.002075

𝑓𝑦 415
𝜀𝑦 = = = 0.002075
𝐸𝑠 200000

Steel both tension and compression yields

Ultimate Load:

𝑃𝑢 = 1691.2 𝐾𝑛

𝑀𝑢 = 𝑃𝑢 𝑒 = 1691.2(. 40)

𝑀𝑢 = 676.48 𝐾𝑛 − 𝑚
 DESIGN OF SPREAD FOOTING

*Allowable soil pressure in Lapu-Lapu City is 95-100

Dimension of column= 500mm x 600mm

Assume wt. of footing to be 8% of column load

Dead Loads= 379.264

Live Loads= 51.96

𝑊𝑡. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.08(379.264 + 51.96) = 34.5 𝐾𝑁

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 379.264 + 51.96 + 34.5 = 465.724 𝐾𝑁

465.724
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = = 4.66 𝑚2
100

L2= 4.366 m2

L2= 2.16 m; Use 2.3 x 2.3 dimension

A= 2.3(2.3) = 5.29 m2

𝑃𝑢 = 1.2(𝐷𝐿) + 1.6(𝐿𝐿)

𝑃𝑢 = 1.2(379.264) + 1.6(51.96) = 538.25 𝐾𝑁

Net ultimate upward soil pressure:

538.25
= 101.75 𝐾𝑃𝑎
5.29

Allowable ultimate soil pressure:

100(538.25)
= 124.82 > 101.75 (𝑂𝐾)
379.264 + 51.96
Compute “d” by punching shear:

2 √𝑓𝑐′ 1
𝑉𝑐 = (1+𝛽𝑐) > 3√fc’
6

𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 600

𝛽𝑐 = 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 500 = 1.2

2 √28 1
𝑉𝑐 = (1+1.2) = 2.35 > 3 √28 = 1.76
6

𝑉𝑐 = 2.35 > 1.76

Use 𝑉𝑐 = 1.76 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Actual punching shear:

𝑉𝑢
𝑉𝑛 = ø𝑏𝑜𝑑

1000
𝑉𝑢 = 101.75 ((2300)2-(600+d2) 10002

𝑏𝑜𝑑 = (600 + 𝑑)(4)(𝑑)

101.75((23002 )−(600+d2 )
𝑉𝑛 = = 1.76
1000(0.85)(600+𝑑)(4)(𝑑)

(23002 ) − (600 + 𝑑)2 = 58.81(600 + 𝑑)(𝑑)

(23002 ) − 360000 − 1200𝑑 – 𝑑2 = 3586𝑑 + 58.81𝑑 2

59.81𝑑 2 + 24276𝑑 − 4930000 = 0

𝑑 2 + 569.9𝑑 − 82427.69 = 0

𝑑 = 119.55 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 150 𝑚𝑚

By bending:

.85
𝑀𝑢 = (101.75)(2.3)(. 85) ( 2 ) = 84.54 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑀𝑢 = ø fc’ bd2 ω (1-0.59ω)

84.54(1000)2= 0.90(28)(2300)(150)2 𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔)

𝜔 − 0.59ω2 = 0.065

ω2− 1.69𝜔 = 0.11

𝜔 = 0.063

𝜌𝑓𝑦 𝜌(415)
𝜔= = .063 =
𝑓𝑐′ 28

ρ= 0.003

1.4 1.4
ρmin= 𝑓𝑦 = 415= 0.0034

Use ρ= 0.0034

Steel Area Required:

𝐴𝑠 = ρbd

𝐴𝑠 = 0.0034(2300)(150)
𝐴𝑠 = 1173 𝑚𝑚2

Use: 20ø mm bars

𝐴𝑠 = 1150 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
(20)2 (𝑛) = 1173 𝑚𝑚2
4

n= 3.73 say 4 bars

Use: 4 – 20 ø mm bars

Development length:

0.02𝐴𝑏 𝑓𝑦
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑑 =
√𝑓𝑐′

𝜋
𝐴𝑏 = 4 (20)2 = 314.16

0.02(314.16)(415)
𝐿𝑑 = = 492.78 mm
√28

𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐿𝑑 = 0.06 (20) (415)

𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐿𝑑 = 500 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑑 = 850 − 70 = 780 𝑚𝑚 (𝑂𝐾)

Check for beam shear:

𝑉𝑢
𝑉𝑛 = ø𝑏𝑑

𝑉𝑢 = 101.75(2.3)(. 35)

𝑉𝑢 = 81.91 𝐾𝑛(1000) = 81908.75 𝐾𝑁

81908.75
𝑉𝑛 = (0.85)(2300)(150)

𝑉𝑛 = 0.28 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙)

1 1
𝑉𝑐 = 6 √𝑓𝑐 ′ = 6 √28

𝑉𝑐 = 0.88 𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 0.28 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒)

Check for the Bearing Strength:

𝐴2
𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = ø0.85𝑓𝑐’ 𝐴1 √
𝐴1

𝐴2 23002
√ =√ = 4.2 > 2
𝐴1 (500)(600)

𝐴2
Use √ =2
𝐴1

𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 0.70(0.85)(28)(500)(600)(2)

𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 9996000 𝑁 𝑜𝑟 996 𝐾𝑁

𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 999 > 538.25 (𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒)

Check wt. of footing:

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ = 150 + 30 + 70 = 250 𝑚𝑚

𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑡. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = (2.3)(2.3)(0.250)(2400)(9.81)

𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑡. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 31.14 𝐾𝑁

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑡. = 31.14 + 379.264 + 51.96 = 462.364 𝐾𝑁

462.364 𝐾𝑁
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = = 4.62 < 5.29 𝑚2 (𝑂𝐾)
100
 DESIGN OF WALL FOOTING (EXTERIOR)

Dead Load= 24.72

Live Load= 14.4

Effective Soil Pressure:

𝑞𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 100 − (. 2)(23.54) − (. 6)(16)

𝑞𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 85.692

Considering 1 meter strip of the wall:

24.72 + 14.4
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
85.692

𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.5 𝑚

Ultimate soil pressure:

(1.2)(24.72) + (1.6)(14.4)
𝑞𝑢 = = 105.41
. 5(1)

𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 (. 1)(1)

𝑉𝑢 = 105.41(. 1)(1)

𝑉𝑢 = 10.541

𝑉𝑢 = ø 0.17 ℵ (1)√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑

𝑉𝑢 = (0.70)(0.17)(1)(√20.7)(1000)(75)

𝑉𝑢 = 40606.3 𝑜𝑟 40.61 > 10.541

Total thickness of footing= 200 mm

Width of footing= 500 mm

Spacing of 12 mm ø bars

1.75
𝑀𝑢 = (105.41)(1.75)(1) ( )
2

𝑀𝑢 = 1.614 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑀𝑢 = ø 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑2 𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔)

1.614 𝑥 106 = (0.90)(20.7)(1000)(752 ) 𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔)

𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔) = 0.015

𝜔2 − 1.69𝜔 = 0.025

𝜔 = 0.015

𝜌𝑓𝑦 𝜌(275)
𝜔= = 0.015 =
𝑓𝑐′ 20.7

𝜌 = 0.0013

1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.0051
𝑓𝑦 275

Use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0051

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑

𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(1000)(75)

𝐴𝑠 = 382.5
Using 12mm ø

300 𝜋
( ) (122 ) = 387.5
𝑆 4

S= 88.70 say 90 mm O.C

Temperature bars: 12mm ø

𝐴𝑠 = 0.002 𝑏𝑡

𝐴𝑠 = 0.002(1000)(150)

𝐴𝑠 = 30 𝑚𝑚2

1000 𝜋
( ) (122 ) = 30
𝑆 4

𝑆 = 3769.92 > 500𝑚𝑚

Use 500mm O.C

 DESIGN OF WALL FOOTING (PARTITIONS)

Dead Load= 21.186

Live Load= 14.4

Effective Soil Pressure:

𝑞𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 100 − (. 15)(23.54) − (. 4)(16)

𝑞𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 90.069

Considering 1 meter strip of the wall:

21.186 + 14.4
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
90.069

𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.4 𝑚

Ultimate soil pressure:

(1.2)(21.186) + (1.6)(14.4)
𝑞𝑢 = = 121.158
. 4(1)

𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 (0.075)(1)

𝑉𝑢 = 121.158(0.075)(1)

𝑉𝑢 = 9.09

𝑉𝑢 = ø 0.17 ℵ (1)√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑

𝑉𝑢 = (0.70)(0.17)(1)(√20.7)(1000)(75)

𝑉𝑢 = 40606.298 𝑜𝑟 40.61 > 9.09

Total thickness of footing= 150 mm

Width of footing= 400 mm

Spacing of 12 mm ø bars

. 15
𝑀𝑢 = (121.158)(. 15)(1) ( )
2

𝑀𝑢 = 1.36 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑀𝑢 = ø 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑2 𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔)

1.36 𝑥 106 = (0.70)(20.7)(1000)(752 ) 𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔)

𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔) = 0.013

𝜔2 − 1.69𝜔 = 0.022

𝜔 = 0.013

𝜌𝑓𝑦 𝜌(275)
𝜔= = 0.013 =
𝑓𝑐′ 20.7

𝜌 = 0.001

1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.0051
𝑓𝑦 275

Use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0051

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑

𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(1000)(75)

𝐴𝑠 = 382.5

Using 12mm ø
250 𝜋
( ) (122 ) = 387.5
𝑆 4

S = 73.92 say 80 mm O.C

Temperature bars: 12mm ø

𝐴𝑠 = 0.002 𝑏𝑡

𝐴𝑠 = 0.002(1000)(150)

𝐴𝑠 = 30 𝑚𝑚2

1000 𝜋
( ) (122 ) = 30
𝑆 4

𝑆 = 3769.92 > 500𝑚𝑚

Use 500mm O.C

 SEISMIC ANALYSIS

(NSCP 2010 Chapter 208.5.2)

𝑅 = 3.5 (𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 2010 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 208 − 11)

𝐶𝑡 = 0.0731 (𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 2010 208.5.2.2)

𝐶𝑎 = 0.40 (𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 2010 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 208 − 7)

𝐼 = 1.0 (𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 2010 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 208 − 1)

𝑍4 = 0.40 (𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 2010 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 208 − 3)

𝐶𝑣 = 0.56 (𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 2010 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 208 − 8)

𝑁𝑣 = 1.0 (𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 2010 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 208 − 5)

3.0(𝐶𝑎 𝑊1 ) 3.0(. 4)(260.65)

𝐹1 = = = 89.37 𝐾𝑁
𝑅 3.5

3.0(𝐶𝑎 𝑊1 ) 3.0(. 4)(135.8)

𝐹1 = = = 46.56 𝐾𝑁
𝑅 3.5

3.0(396.45)
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 = = 135.93 𝐾𝑁
3.5
 APPENDIX J

CURRICULUM VITAE

ENGR. RAMIEL P. TO-ONG

Address: 269 Bagong-Daan Yati, Liloan Cebu
Mobile: 09051222052
Email: [email protected]

OBJECTIVES
To secure a challenging position in the field of civil engineering which leads
to a progressive career development and growth within a highly esteemed
organization where I can utilize my skills and experience, apply my gained
knowledge and maximize my potential for the success of the university.

EDUCATION
Master of Science in Engineering Management
On – going (18 units with passing grade)
University of the Visayas( Main Campus )
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
University of the Visayas( Main Campus )

UNDERGRADUATE ACHIEVEMENTS
UVSC PICE (President) 2010 – 2011
CESAFI MATH QUIZBOWL (Champion) 2008
CESAFI MATH QUIZBOWL (Champion) 2009
PICE REGIONAL STUDENT QUIZ (3rd place) 2010
UV Mathematician of the year (3rd place) 2009
UV Mathematician of the year (2nd place) 2010
Dean’s Lister (1st year to 5th year)
Dean’s award (2010)
 UV Inter – departamental quizbowl( Champion ) 2010

WORK EXPERIENCE
Cebu Technological University (Main Campus)
Part – time instructor (June 2014 – present)
University of the Visayas (Main Campus)
Full – time Instructor (June 2012 – present)
SPACES @ SYSTEMS.4719 ( Lahug Cebu City )
Site engineer (November 2011 – March 2012)

SEMINARS AND TRAININGS

Cebu Institute of Technology – University
Probability of future large earthquake in Cebu
Seismic design load and dynamic response of buildings
July 29, 2017

SACRED HEART CENTER CEBU CITY

“Climate change: challenge for the civil engineer of today”
September 24 – 25, 2015

UNIVERSITY OF THE VISAYAS

“INTERNATIONALIZATION OF RESEARCH AND STUDIES”
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
JUNE 25 – 26, 2018
JUDITH H. ASIS
Address: Holyname St., Mabolo Cebu City
Mobile: 09277203167
Email: [email protected]

OBJECTIVES
To obtain a challenging position in a high quality engineering environment
where my resourceful experience and academic skills will add value to organizational
operations.

Personal Background
Nickname: Jud
Gender: Female
Age: 27 years old
Date of Birth: October 19, 1990
Place of Birth: Guindulman, Bohol
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Height: 4”11
Weight: 50 kilos
Religion: Roman Catholic
Dialects: Filipino and English
Mother’s Name: Esmeralda H. Asis
Occupation: Fruit Vendor
Father’s Name: N/A
Occupation: N/A

Skills Summary
- Fast learner and willing to be train
- Can work without direct supervision
- Knowledgeable in Microsoft And Basic Autocad
- Willing to render overtime
Highlights Affiliations
- Member, Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE)
- President of Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers University of the
Visayas- Student Chapter(PICE-UVS)
- Member, Guindulman Parish Youth Ministry
- 2nd Sk Councilor In Brgy. Trinidad Guindulman, Bohol

Educational Attainment

Tertiary:
University of the Visayas - Main Campus
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Colon St., Cebu City
SY 2014-present
Secondary:
Guinacot National High School
Guinacot Guindulman, Bohol
SY 2003-2007
Elementary:
Guindulman Central Elementary School
Guindulman, Bohol
SY 1997-2003
AQUE, LEAH XANDRA L.
Address: Sitio Balanghoyhumay-humay Gun-ob, Lapu-Lapu city
Mobile: 09774903215
Email address: [email protected]

OBJECTIVES:
A responsible and challenging entry level to utilize my capability to enhance
my education. To expand my knowledge and to have an actual experience in the said
field and career.

Personal background:
Gender: Female
Age: 19
Birthdate: May 23, 1998
Place of birth: Iligan City
Nationality: Filipino
Civil status: Single
Dialect: Tagalog and English
Religion: Born Again Christian
Mother’s name: Evelyn L. Aque
Occupation: Housewife
Father’s name: Ruel L. Aque
Occupation: Carpenter

Skill Summary:
I am flexible, positive, goal -oriented, responsible, aggressive to learn,
efficient and hardworking I am knowledgeable in AutoCAD. I am loyal, reliable and
hardworking and willing to under time pressure.

Highlights Affiliations
- Member Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE)
- Member University of the Visayas Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers
Student Chapter (UVSC)
Educational Attainment

Tertiary:
University of the Visayas-Main campus
SY 2018-Present
Course: Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Secondary:
University of the Visayas-mandaue campus
PlaridelSt. Alang-alangMandaue City
S.Y 2010-2014
Primary:
Mactan Benito Ebuen Air Base Elementary School
SangiRoad Lapu-lapu city
S.Y 2004-2010
GUMAWA, SHEENA LORRAINE
Address: Brgy. Bulacao, Cebu City
Mobile: 09759113604
Email Address: [email protected]

OBJECTIVES:

To expand and apply my knowledge in actual field and to obtain a challenging

position that will allow me to expand upon my education and continue to accumulate
knowledge.

Personal Background:

Gender: Female

Age: 20

Birthdate: Oct. 05, 1997

Place of birth: Tagum City, Davao Del Norte

Nationality: Filipino

Civil status: Single

Dialect: Tagalog and English

Religion: Roman Catholic

Mother’s name: Lorena G. Gumawa

Occupation: OFW

Father’s name: N.A

Occupation: N/A

Skill Summary:

- Knowledge in AutoCAD
- Good oral and written communication skills
- Willing to render overtime
- Responsible and aggressive to work
- Positive towards work
Highlights Affiliations
- Member Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE)
- Member University of the Visayas Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers
Student Chapter (UVSC)

Educational Attainment

Tertiary:

University of the Visayas-Main campus

Colon St., Cebu City

SY 2018-Present

Course: Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Secondary:

Letran De Davao Inc.,

Seminary Drive, Tagum City, Davao Del Norte

S.Y 2010-2014

Primary:

Magugpo Pilot Imelda Elementary School

Sobrecary St., Tagum City, Davao Del Norte

S.Y 2004-2010
ROSE KRISTINE MARIE E. PATIGDAS
Address: Subabasbas, Lapu-Lapu City
Mobile: 09236326137
Email: [email protected]

OBJECTIVES
To gain knowledge and skill to complement those I have learned from school
in an actual job environment.

Personal Background
Nickname: Tine
Gender: Female
Age: 20 years old
Date of Birth: December 24, 1997
Place of Birth: Subabasbas, Lapu-Lapu City
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Height: 5’3
Weight: 45 kilos
Religion: Roman Catholic
Dialects: Filipino and English
Mother’s Name: Rosita E. Patigdas
Occupation: Civil Engineer
Father’s Name: N/A
Occupation: N/A

Skills Summary
- Fast learner and willing to learn new ideas
- Dedicated and hardworking
- Knowledgeable in AutoCAD
- Willing to render overtime
Highlights Affiliations
- Member, Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE)
- Auditor of Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers University of the
Visayas- Student Chapter(PICE-UVS)

Educational Attainment
Tertiary:
University of the Visayas - Main Campus
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Colon St., Cebu City
SY 2014-present
Secondary:
Marigondon National High School
Marigondon, Lapu-Lapu City
SY 2010-2014
Elementary:
Subabasbas Elementary School
Subabasbas, Lapu-Lapu City
SY 2004-2010
JOBELLE FAITH E. TEREZ
Address: Casuntingan, Mandaue City, Cebu
Mobile: 09771596247
Email: [email protected]

OBJECTIVES
To grow competently by giving my skills in the company and vice versa.

Personal Background
Nickname: Belle
Gender: Female
Age: 20 years old
Date of Birth: January 23, 1998
Place of Birth: Oroquieta City, Misamis Occidental
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Height: 4’10
Weight: 48 kilos
Religion: Roman Catholic
Dialects: Filipino and English
Mother’s Name: Esther E. Terez
Occupation: Housewife
Father’s Name: Franco P. Terez
Occupation: Carpenter

Skills Summary
- Willing to learn, hardworking, responsible and diligent
- Have knowledge in AutoCAD
- Accuracy and Attention to details.
- Good verbal and personal communication skills.
- Adaptability.
- Tolerant and flexible to different situations.
Highlights Affiliations
- Member, Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE)
- Assistant Secretary of Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers University of
the Visayas- Student Chapter (PICE-UVSC)

Educational Attainment
Tertiary:
University of the Visayas- Main Campus (UV-MC)
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Colon St., Cebu City
SY 2014-present
Secondary:
Misamis Occidental National High School
Oroquieta City, Misamis Occidental
SY 2010-2014
Elementary:
Tuyabang Alto Elementary School
Tuyabang Alto Oroquieta City, Misamis Occidental
SY 2004-2010
ZAMORA, MARTIE RITA C.
Home Address: Hilongos, Leyte
Mobile number: 09062772115
E-mail Address: [email protected]

OBJECTIVE

To be able to work in a career oriented and challenging environment that

promotes personal growth, and uplifts professional developments.

Personal Background

Nickname: Martie
Gender: Female
Age: 20
Date of Birth: August 11, 1997
Place of Birth: Hilongos, Leyte
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Height: 5’3
Weight: 52 kls.
Religion: Roman Catholic
Dialects: Filipino and English
Mother’s Name: Rosemarie Zamora
Occupation: Deceased
Father’s Name: Domingo Zamora Jr.
Occupation: Jail Officer

Skill Summary
- Fast learner and very much willing to preserve and learn new ideas
- Knowledgeable in Auto CAD
- Have good written and communication skills
- Responsible, aggressive to learn, efficient and hardworking
- Willing to render overtime
Highlights Affiliation:

- Vice-President External, Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers University

of the Visayas- Student Chapter(PICE-UVSC)
- Member, Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE)

Educational background

Tertiary:
University of the Visayas- Main Campus (UV-MC)
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Colon St., Cebu City
SY 2018-present
Secondary:
Hilongos National Vocational School
Hilongos, Leyte
SY 2010-2014
Elementary:
Hilongos South Central School
Hilongos, Leyte
SY 2004-2010
 APPENDIX K
THE RESEARCHERS
The researchers went to the office of the barangay captain of Marigondon, Lapu-
Lapu City to ask permission in conducting a study in their area.
DURING THE THESIS DISCUSSION
REFERRENCES: “A FEASIBILTY STUDY OF A 2-STOREY HOME FOR THE
AGED IN BARANGAY MARIGONDON, LAPU-LAPU CITY”

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vol.16 no.6 RibeirãoPreto Nov./Dec. 2008, António José Pereira dos Santos
AlmeidaI; Vitor Manuel Costa Pereira RodriguesII

2. “Early Intervention Can Reduce Hospital Admissions Among Nursing

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Institutions of Kerala”
By: Dr. Lekshmi V Nair Associate Professor, Department of Humanities
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiamala Trivandrum –
695547
Dr. Sonny Jose Head, Department of Social Work Loyola College of
Social Sciences Sreekaryam Trivandrum

5. “Quality of life of older people in residential care home: A Literature

Review”
Authors
Diana TF Lee MSc, PhD, RN, RM, RTN, PRD (HCE) ,
Doris SF Yu BSc, PhD, RN.
Alice NL Kwong RN, BN
First published: 11 May 2009Full publication history
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6. “Proposed Home Life Care Facility and Services: to the Indigent,

Abandoned and Neglected Elderly Citizen”
By: DELOS REYES, MICHAEL D. 2003116938 6/17/2012

7. “Senior’s Housing and Amenities”

http://www.hellenichome.org/adultDayProgram/

8. “Benefits and challenges encountered by elderly living in nursing homes”

By: JuliahWanjikuKimondo

9. “Quality of Life of Elderly Residing in old Age Homes and Community in

Visakhapatnam City”
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-
0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 14, Issue 10 Ver. IX (Oct. 2015), PP 27-31
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